Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus has a plurality of TFTs and pixel electrodes disposed in a matrix form in regions surrounded with scanning lines and signal lines disposed on a glass substrate. The display apparatus also has an auxiliary capacitor electrode formed almost all over a display screen in such a way that the auxiliary capacitor electrode is opposed to the pixel electrodes with interposition of an insulation film therebetween. A slit is formed in the auxiliary capacitor electrode in a region corresponding to a gap between the adjacent pixel electrodes. Each pixel electrode may overlap the scanning lines and/or the signal lines. The width of the slit of the auxiliary capacitor electrode may be larger than the width of the gap between the adjacent pixel electrodes.

Abstract: In an optical semiconductor package according to the present invention, the component bearing surface of the stem having an outline made up of opposed first and second circular-arc parts, a first straight-line part which connects each end of the first and second circular-arc parts and a second straight-line part which connects each other end of the first and second circular-arc parts. The first and second circular-arc parts have a common center, and the first circular-arc part has a larger radius than that of the second circular-arc part. Thus, the larger space, the space between the first circular-arc part and the center, can be used for disposing the light detector or a polarization split element, and the unused space, the space between the second circular-arc part and the center, will be minimum, thereby realizing downsizing and cost reduction of the device.

Abstract: To reduce viewing angle dependence of ? characteristics in a normally black liquid crystal display. Each pixel 10 has a first sub-pixel 10a and a second sub-pixel 10b which can apply mutually different voltages to their respective liquid crystal layers. Relationships ?V12 (gk)>0 volts and ?V12 (gk)??V12 (gk+1) are satisfied at least in a range 0 <gk?n?1 if it is assumed that ?V12=V1?V2, where ?V12 is the difference between root-mean-square voltage V1 applied to the liquid crystal layer of the first sub-pixel 10a and root-mean-square voltage V2 applied to the liquid crystal layer of the second sub-pixel 10b.

Abstract: A data packet, having a flag for determination of its processing content, a tag field and a data field, is sequentially transferred between pipeline registers according to pulses from C elements. A determination is made as to whether the tag field of the data packet includes information identical to that pre-stored in a tag field of a register within a processing content determination unit. Based on the determination result, the data packet is processed according to the information stored in a processing content determination field of the register.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate placed to face the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first and second substrates. The liquid crystal layer further includes: a splay-aligned region in which a transformation from splay alignment to bend alignment or from bend alignment to splay alignment occurs according to a voltage applied; and a nucleation region serving as a nucleation site for initiating the transformation to occur in the splay-aligned region. A plurality of first splay-aligned regions include two first splay-aligned regions connected to each other via one of a plurality of second splay-aligned regions.

Abstract: In a semiconductor laser element, a semiconductor layer interface 116 containing oxygen atoms is present above an active layer 103 in at least an internal region of a laser resonator. Also, the peak wavelength of photoluminescence of the active layer 103 in regions in the vicinity of end faces of the laser resonator is made shorter than that of the active layer in the internal region of the laser resonator. In the internal region of the laser resonator, vacancies (crystal defects) produced above and in the neighborhood of the semiconductor layer interface containing oxygen atoms are captured at this semiconductor layer interface. Diffusion of the vacancies to the active layer is thus suppressed.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide an internet facsimile apparatus used by plural users, capable of reading out an electronic mail to each user by a simple operation. The internet facsimile apparatus includes, in an operation portion, a function key such as a mail transmission key, a mail confirmation key, a mail print key and a communication table key, a user key in correspondence to which personal data such as a mail address is registered, and an opposite side key, and processings can be carried out by performing a key entry in a combination of the keys. For example, when the mail print key, together with the user key, is pressed, an electronic mail reaching a mail address registered in correspondence to the user key is read out and image data is printed.

Abstract: A reflective color liquid crystal display device with a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a first substrate having a light reflectibility and a second substrate having a light transmissibility. The liquid crystal layer being composed of twist-aligned nematic liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy. A circularly polarizing unit, including a single linear polarizer plate, selectively passes either right handed or left handed circularly polarized light out of natural light. The circularly polarizing unit is disposed so that a major surface of the circularly polarizing unit is on a liquid crystal layer side, the circularly polarized light exiting the circularly polarizing unit through the major surface when natural light enters the circularly polarizing unit. Various parameters of the liquid crystal layer are optimized for a liquid crystal layer having a twist angle in the range of 0° to 100°.

Abstract: A display device includes an illuminating device having an optical waveguide plate for introducing light thereinto, a drive assembly having a planar array of actuators disposed in facing relation to the optical waveguide plate, a displacement transmitter assembly disposed between the optical waveguide plate and the drive assembly, and a light scattering layer disposed on the displacement transmitter assembly. The actuators are selectively displaceable to bring the light scattering layer into and out of contact with the optical waveguide plate, for controlling light that leaks from the optical waveguide plate as emitted light. The display device also includes an optical modulator for modulating the emitted light from the illuminating device to display an image. The illuminating device has a light reflecting layer disposed on at least a portion of the displacement transmitter assembly that confronts the optical waveguide plate.

Abstract: An optical communication system has a plastic optical fiber (POF) and an optical communication module. The POF has a spherical end surface, and light emitted from the spherical end surface has an NA of 0.35 or lower. The POF is installed in the module such that a light receiving surface of a light receiving element (PD) is at a distance, d, from an apex of the spherical end surface. The distance, d, is within a range of 0<d?r*D/(n?n1) when a PD diameter is not larger than D, and within a range of D?d?r*D/(n?n1) when the PD diameter is larger than D, where D is a diameter of the POF, r*D is a radius of curvature of the spherical end surface, n is a refractive index of a core of the POF, and n1 is a refractive index of a substance between the spherical end surface and the PD.

Abstract: The present invention provides an information processing system, an information processor, a file concurrent editing method and a file concurrent editing program each of which improves the efficiency of editing works, which are concurrently carried out with respect to a shared file, by displaying a sectional region(s) of the shared file with a display layout according to editing purpose or according to each user individually. A shared text information edit processing section (i) places sectional regions A and B of shared text information at corresponding positions of a display section according to a display layout of local layout information and (ii) causes the display section to display, at the corresponding positions of the display section, text contents “Text-A” and “Text-B” corresponding respectively to the sectional regions A and B of text management tables of the shared text information.

Abstract: An optical encoder includes a mobile object having a plurality of aligned slits, a light-emitting portion for emitting light toward the mobile object, and a light-receiving portion 103 for receiving the light which has passed the mobile object. The light-receiving portion 103 produces an AC (Alternating Current) signal in an oscillation circuit 111 and outputs an input current, which is changed to an AC, from a light-emitting current output circuit 112 into the light-emitting portion.

Abstract: The present invention provides a circularly polarizing plate comprising a polarizer and an optical layer having a value of Nz shown by the following equation (1), wherein the circularly polarizing plate comprises a birefringent body satisfying Nz<0 between the polarizer and a retarder satisfying Nz>0. Nz=(nx?nz)/(nx?ny)??(1) where nx and ny designates main refractive indexes in a plane to light having a wavelength of 550 nm and satisfy nx?ny, and nz, designates a main refractive index in a thickness direction to the light having the wavelength of 550 nm.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion device comprising: a pin-type photoelectric conversion layer constituted of a p-type semiconductor layer, an i-type semiconductor layer and an n-type semiconductor layer, wherein the p-type semiconductor layer contains silicon atoms and nitrogen atoms, which is possible to improve photoelectric conversion efficiency.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus having excellent chargeability, sensitivity and light responsivity of an electrophotographic photoconductor and capable of forming images of high quality and high resolution at a high speed in various circumstances, is provided. An electrophotographic photoconductor having a photosensitive layer containing the enamine compound represented by the following general formula (1), for example, the enamine compound represented by the following structural formula (1-1) as a charge transportation substance is mounted to an image forming apparatus and the volume average particle size of the toner contained in a developer 50 housed in a developing device 33 is set to a size from 4 to 7 ?m.

Abstract: In a receiver, a mixer portion provided in a front-end portion thereof is built with two mixers with different input/output linearity characteristics and different current consumption. According to the electric-field strength of a received signal, or manually, one of the mixers is chosen to operate so that, when the electric-field strength is in an ordinary range, the mixer with a better input/output linearity characteristic is chosen to operate with lower current consumption and, when the electric-field strength is in a high range, the mixer that, despite operating with higher current consumption, exhibits a still better input/output linearity characteristic is chosen. The receiver thus operates with lower current consumption and lower signal distortion.

Abstract: In the DSP which processes an image pickup signal obtained via an optical lens (imaging optical system) and outputs the resulting image pickup signal as processes to an image display section, distortion aberration due to the optical lens is corrected according to a distance from a pixel position corresponding to an optical axis of the optical lens by changing the pixel position for each of a target image in radial directions when the pixel position corresponding to the optical axis is set as a center while suppressing an occurrence of jaggy in the resulting image. With this structure, an image pickup apparatus which corrects distortion aberration by changing pixel position only in radial directions from a pixel position corresponding to an optical axis of the imaging optical system while suppressing an occurrence of jaggy.

Abstract: An image forming device 1 comprises an electrophotographic processing unit 48 equipped with a developer 44 including a developing agent containing black toner having infrared reflectiveness, and forms an image having infrared reflective property. The image forming device 1 further comprises a detector 51 for detecting whether the formed toner image has infrared reflective property or not and a control unit for controlling each unit based on the result of detection by the detector 51, so as to form a black image having infrared reflective property in a reliable manner.

Abstract: A plurality of photosensitive drums are disposed in a sheet transport direction so as to be in contact with a transfer belt and a transfer voltage for transferring toner images on the photosensitive drums onto a sheet transported by the transfer belt is applied thereto. A sensor for sensing a temperature or humidity in the working atmosphere of the image forming apparatus is provided; when a jam occurs, sheet transportation is ceased at a first stage to thereby enable the sheet in the jam to be removed; at a second stage subsequent thereto, transportation of the sheet is restarted; and the transfer voltage applied onto the transfer belt is controlled based on a measurement result of the sensor.

Abstract: An average concentration value is detected within a measurement area (about 10 dots) corresponding to the pitch of a detection pattern in the total color matching adjustment range (100 dots), and from a value detected as a local maximum value, a candidate for correction value for the exposure timing of an adjustment image is acquired within the color matching adjustment range. This process is carried out for two types of detection patterns having different pitches thereby to acquire two candidates. A correction value for the exposure timing is determined from a candidate shared by the two detection patterns. At the time of color matching adjustment, the wasteful consumption of the developer or the like is suppressed, while carrying out the color matching adjustment efficiently within a short time.