Abstract: A color filter substrate according to the present invention includes a transparent substrate; at least three colors of colored layers provided on the transparent substrate; first columnar structure bodies 101 provided in pixel outskirts within a display region, the first columnar structure bodies 101 defining a cell gap; and second columnar structure bodies 102 provided in the pixel outskirts within the display region or outside the display region, the second columnar structure bodies having a smaller height than that of the first columnar structure bodies 101, such that a difference from the height of the first columnar structure bodies 101 exceeds a range of elastic deformation of the first columnar structure bodies 101.

Abstract: The change in an output voltage when a control voltage is changed is calculated, and the change in the control voltage divided by the calculated change in the output voltage is defined as a sensitivity coefficient. The sensitivity coefficient is recalculated for each predetermined time interval or whenever a predetermined condition is satisfied, and the control voltage is corrected based on the recalculated sensitivity coefficient. Example of the predetermined condition include the time of start-up of the apparatus, the time at which the accumulated number of printed sheets reaches a predetermined number, and the time of carrying out process control.

Abstract: An electronic device is disclosed that is adapted to communicate with a first device network and to communicate with a second device that is part of a second device network. The device includes a processor and a communications module in electronic communication with the processor for communications with other devices including the second device and at least one device from the first device network. Memory may also be included in electronic communication with the processor for storing data. The electronic device may also include a pseudo-random scheduler for providing time points defining a schedule for the electronic device to communicate with the other devices. A dynamic scheduler may also be included to modify the schedule. The electronic device may also include an event queue.

Abstract: An etching liquid contains iodine, an iodine compound and alcohol as solute, and solvent such as water. The etching liquid etches a gold or gold alloy layer formed on the surface of a substrate for a semiconductor device or a liquid crystal device evenly. A plurality of gold or gold alloy columns is formed on the layer. The columns are etched scarcely by the etching liquid. The etching liquid etches the gold or gold alloy layer existing between the columns evenly. The etching liquid may further contain a surfactant.

Abstract: An optical reproducing device is provided with predetermined length mark signal measurement means which measures amplitude values of a 2T mark and an 8T mark, which are a short reproducing power control mark and a long reproducing power control marks, respectively, from information data recorded in an magneto-optical disk. Reproducing power of a light beam is controlled by a laser power control circuit, based on the amplitude values of the 2T mark and the 8T mark. The predetermined length mark signal measurement means detects a specific pattern including the 2T mark from a bit arrangement pattern of the information data, and measures the amplitude value of the 2T mark correponding only to the 2T mark included in the specific pattern. This structure can provide an optical reproducing device which can maintain the reproducing power at an optimum value and reduce the probability of reading errors, without reducing the utilization ratio of an optical recording medium.

Abstract: A display-unit-use display control method controls display of pixels in a display unit including a large number of light emitting elements in a row direction and a column direction, the light emitting elements having brightness, which changes in accordance with a value of current supplied thereto. A current is supplied, the current supplying conductor from one or each end part thereof in a column direction, the current supplying conductor supplying the current to the light emitting elements. The pixels are displayed line by line in accordance with a selection timing, and the display of pixels is deleted line by line in accordance with a deletion timing. It is so arranged that with respect to a certain line, a period from a time at which the pixels get displayed in accordance with the selection timing to a time at which the display of the pixels gets deleted is shorter than a period between start and end of the selection timing.

Abstract: A power amplifier includes a front-stage amplifier including first and second transistors connected in parallel, and a rear-stage amplifier including a third transistor. The first transistor is biased into near-Class A without a distortion compensation circuit. The second and third transistors are biased into near-Class B with a distortion compensation circuit. The gain characteristics of the first to third transistors are adjusted so that the concave portion of the gain characteristics of the front-stage amplifier and the convex portion of the gain characteristics of the rear-stage amplifier match each other, to thereby flatten the gain characteristic of the entire power amplifier.

Abstract: A transmitting apparatus and a receiving apparatus of a position detecting system execute a program including the steps of transmitting a laser beam; detecting an azimuth ?(Y) at which the laser beam is transmitted; detecting an azimuth ? at which the reflected laser beam is received; calculating a distance L(1) between the transmitting apparatus and a moving body from ?(Y), ? and a distance D between the transmitting apparatus and the receiving apparatus; and calculating a distance L(2) between the receiving apparatus and the moving body.

Abstract: A dielectric feedhorn as a feedhorn according to the present invention, with which a feedhorn, a radio wave receiving converter and an antenna capable of suppressing an increase in manufacturing costs can be obtained, includes a chassis body including a waveguide having an opening, and a dielectric member. The dielectric member is connected to the opening of the waveguide, and constituted by dielectrics as a plurality of members.

Abstract: A display element has a arrangement that allows the pixel to have at least two domains in which the medium shows optical anisotropies of different directions when a force (for example, an electric field) is applied or when no force is applied. It is preferable that directions of the optical anisotropies occurred in the respective domains when the electric field is applied respectively have 45 degrees±10 degrees with absorption axes of polarizers, and that the directions of the optical anisotropies occurred in the respective domains when the electric field is applied make 90 degrees±20 degrees.

Abstract: An LED lamp has a convex lens 3 which has an upper portion 5 and a lower portion 6. An upper curved surface 5A of the upper portion is different in shape from a lower curved surface 6A of the lower portion 6 so as to refract rays of light from an LED chip 2 more strongly than the lower curved surface 6A does. This avoids reflection of incident outside light toward a front and hence prevents misrecognition. An interface plane S1 between the upper and lower portions 5 and 6 of the convex lens 3 is located on an upper end face 2A to thereby prevent collection of outgoing light upon the interface plane S1 and generation of an irregular emission peak at the front.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming a ZnO Si N—I—N EL device. The method comprises: forming an n-doped Si layer; forming a Si oxide (SiO2) layer overlying the n-doped Si layer; forming an n-type ZnO layer overlying the SiO2 layer; and, forming an electrode overlying the ZnO layer. The electrode can be a transparent material such as indium tin oxide, zinc oxyfluoride, or a conductive plastic. The n-doped Si layer can be polycrystalline or single-crystal Si. In some aspects, the Si oxide layer has a thickness in the range of 1 to 20 nm. More preferably, the thickness is 2 to 5 nm. The ZnO layer thickness is in the range of 10 to 200 nm.

Abstract: Summarization of video content including football.

Abstract: A high reliability semiconductor device is provided which can prevent electromigration due to the deposition of metal ions originating from wires. The device includes: a flexible wiring board 11 including a base film 1 and multiple wires 9; a semiconductor chip 5 mounted to the flexible wiring board 11; and a sealing resin 6 disposed between the flexible wiring board 11 and the semiconductor chip 5 so as to at least partially in contact with the wires 9. The sealing resin 6 contains a metal ion binder mixed thereto.

Abstract: A method, and corresponding transistor structure are provided for protecting the gate electrode from an underlying gate insulator. The method comprises: forming a gate insulator overlying a channel region; forming a first metal barrier overlying the gate insulator, having a thickness of less than 5 nanometers (nm); forming a second metal gate electrode overlying the first metal barrier, having a thickness of greater than 10 nm; and, establishing a gate electrode work function exclusively responsive to the second metal. The second metal gate electrode can be one of the following materials: elementary metals such as p+ poly, n+ poly. Ta, W, Re, RuO2, Pt, Ti, Hf, Zr, Cu, V, Ir, Ni, Mn, Co, NbO, Pd, Mo, TaSiN, and Nb, and binary metals such as WN, TaN, and TiN. The first metal barrier can be a binary metal, such as TaN, TiN, or WN.

Abstract: A light-emitting element (2) and a light-receiving element (3) are mounted, spaced from each other, on a main body (1a) of a flexible board (1). These elements (2, 3) are encapsulated in a light-permeable light-emitting side molded resin section (6a, 6b) and a light-permeable light-receiving side molded resin section (6c, 6d), respectively. Positions of the light-emitting element (2) and light-receiving element (3) and orientations of a light-emitting surface of the light-emitting element (2) and a light-receiving surface of the light-receiving element (3) are freely settable owing to flexibility of the flexible board (1). A communication IC (4) is mounted on the flexible board (1) and between the elements (2, 3) and encapsulated in an IC side molded resin section (6e, 6f). An extended portion (1b) extends from a midsection of the main body (1a) of the flexible board (1) and has an external connection terminal (11) at its tip.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus drives an active-matrix liquid crystal panel by the use of the line reversal driving method. To do so, a common driver AC-drives one of a pair of electrode in each of all the pixels of the liquid crystal panel. An adding circuit obtains the sum of a plurality of gradation components for deciding the gradations of the pixels in one of the columns in the liquid crystal panel at intervals of the predetermined horizontal period. A voltage setting portion in a source driver corrects a reference voltage difference ?Vref on the basis of the sum at intervals of the horizontal period, divides the corrected reference voltage difference ?Vrefa, decides a plurality of gradation voltages, and selects voltages to be applied to a plurality of data lines in the liquid crystal panel from among the gradation voltages based on the plurality of gradation components. The selected plurality of voltages are applied to the plurality of data lines.

Abstract: Each signal line enters a preliminary polarity inversion period prior to a normal polarity inversion period so as to be inverted to the opposite polarity. By the preliminary polarity inversion a signal line on a border of blocks experiences a potential hike and the potential oscillates, which, however, is restored later by the application of a correct potential in the normal polarity inversion period. When transferring data per block, the problem of different potential states between the border of the blocks and an area surrounding it, which is caused by the potential oscillation of the signal line on the border of the blocks, is relieved.