Abstract: The liquid crystal display device comprising a pair of substrates with alignment layers formed thereon, and a liquid crystal filled between the substrates. Each pixel has pixel display portions CA, CB and non-display portions DA, EA, DB, EB. The pixel display portions are treated for realizing alignment in a different manner from the non-display portions and the alignment of the pixel display portions is controlled by the alignment of the non-display portions. Moreover, the alignment treatment is executed by the irradiation with ultraviolet rays in an inclined direction.

Abstract: A portable phone has a main LCD and a SW-LCD, provided on a path of light to be transmitted by the main LCD, which electrically switches between (i) an image to be seen in a single image display mode and (ii) an image to be seen in a multiple image display mode. Furthermore, a first polarization plate serving as a reflective polarization plate is provided between the SW-LCD and the main LCD, and a second polarization plate is provided on a front surface side of the SW-LCD. The SW-LCD has a liquid crystal layer to which a voltage is applied in the multiple image display mode. With this, an image displayed by an image display can be seen from a front direction. In addition, the image displayed by the image display is blocked by the second polarization plate when the image is seen from the an oblique direction, and outside light from the oblique direction is reflected by the first polarization plate, so that a mirror surface display is carried out.

Abstract: A needle electrode having a pointed section is provided so as to face a charge-target object, and a voltage to be applied to the needle electrode is set so that 2?(E2·S2)/(E1·S1)?5 is satisfied, where an ionization area A1 indicates an area where ionization occurs to oxygen molecules in an atmosphere; a dissociation area A2 indicates an area where dissociation occurs to the oxygen molecules in the atmosphere (excluding the ionization area A1); E1 indicates an average electric field strength in the ionization area A1; E2 indicates an average electric field strength in the dissociation area A2; S1 indicates square measure of the ionization area A1 on a plane which includes a straight line connecting the needle electrode and the charge-target object so that a distance between the needle electrode and the charge-target object becomes a shortest distance; and S1 indicates square measure of the dissociation area A2 of the plane.

Abstract: A portable phone has a main LCD and a SW-LCD, provided on a path of light to be transmitted by the main LCD, which electrically switches between (i) an image to be seen in a single image display mode and (ii) an image to be seen in a multiple image display mode. In the multiple image display mode, the display switch makes it possible that (a) the image displayed by the image display is seen from a front direction and (b) an image obtained by superimposing, onto the image displayed by the image display, a switching image formed by the display switch is seen from an oblique direction. The switching image is formed by providing, with at least one of a pair of transparent electrode films for applying a voltage to a liquid crystal layer, a patterning having an area larger than 50% of an area of a display screen.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device comprising a pair of substrates with alignment layers formed thereon, and a liquid crystal filled between the substrates. Each pixel has pixel display portions CA, CB and non-display portions DA, EA, DB, EB. The pixel display portions are treated for realizing alignment in a different manner from the non-display portions and the alignment of the pixel display portions is controlled by the alignment of the non-display portions. Moreover, the alignment treatment is executed by the irradiation with ultraviolet rays in an inclined direction.

Abstract: A first optical-path changing layer is provided, on a front-face side of a rear-face side transparent substrate including a light source on one side face thereof. The first optical-path changing layer has a refractive index substantially equal to that of the transparent substrate, and includes predetermined protrusions and predetermined depressions. Further, a low refractive-index layer is provided on a front-face side of the first optical-path changing layer. The low refractive-index layer is in contact with the protrusions and the depressions of the first optical-path changing layer, and has a smaller refractive index than the refractive index of the first optical-path changing layer. Further, a second optical-path changing layer is provided on a rear-face side of the rear-face side transparent substrate. The second optical-path changing layer includes predetermined protrusions and predetermined depressions.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate; a second substrate; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; a first polarizer provided on a surface of the first substrate which is on the opposite side to the liquid crystal layer; a second polarizer provided on a surface of the second substrate which is on the opposite side to the liquid crystal layer; a first phase compensation element provided between the first polarizer and the liquid crystal layer; and a second phase compensation element provided between the second polarizer and the liquid crystal layer. A plurality of pixel areas are provided for display. The first substrate includes at least one transmissive electrode, and the second substrate includes a reflective electrode region and a transmissive electrode region in correspondence with each of the plurality of pixel areas.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including a pair of spaced and opposed substrates, an electrode and an alignment layer formed on one of the substartes and on the other substrates of said substrates, and a liquid crystal filled between the pair of substrates. The liquid crystal has a dielectric constant of negative anistrophy. The alignment layers on the one and the other substrates are formed so that one pixel has four regions divided by a crosswise boundary line in which the alignments of the liquid crystal are mutually different. A shading layer is provided to cover the crosswise boundary line, wherein the shading layer includes a storage capacity electrode formed on one of the substrates, and has a first portion extending in a first direction and a second portion extending in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction.

Abstract: A character display apparatus is provided, which comprises a display device comprising a plurality of pixels, and a control section for controlling the display device. Each of the plurality of pixels comprises a plurality of sub-pixels arranged in a predetermined direction. A first pixel of the plurality of pixels comprises a plurality of first sub-pixels. At least one pixel neighboring the first pixel comprises a plurality of second sub-pixels. The control section determines an arrangement pattern containing a plurality of elements, in which a value of each of the plurality of elements is determined depending on whether or not a basic portion indicating a skeleton of a character is assigned to a corresponding sub-pixel of the plurality of the first and second sub-pixels. The control section determines a luminance level of the first pixel based on the arrangement pattern.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I: are potent and selective antagonists of the human 5-HT2A receptor, and hence useful in treatment of a variety of adverse conditions of the CNS.

Abstract: A nitride-based group III-V compound semiconductor device includes a buffer layer, a first nitride semiconductor layer and a second nitride semiconductor layer successively stacked on a substrate, the first and the second nitride layers having their respective lattice constants a1 and a2 in the relation a1>a2, an ohmic source electrode and an ohmic drain electrode formed on the second nitride layer, and a piezoelectric effect film formed on at least a partial region between the electrodes, wherein the piezoelectric film exerts compressive stress of an absolute magnitude at least equivalent to that of tensile stress applied to the second nitride layer due to the difference (a1?a2) between the lattice constants of the first and second nitride layers.

Abstract: A camera module 1 includes: an optical structure 3 that forms a subject image and moves up and down along an optical path; a solid-state image pickup element 21 that converts, into an electrical signal, a subject image formed by the optical structure 3; a lens holder 4, holding the optical structure 3 therein, which contains the solid-state image pickup element 21, the optical structure 3 having a cushioning member 34 so provided on a back surface thereof as to absorb the impact of contact between the optical structure 3 and the holding section 4. The cushioning member 34 has a removing section for, when in contact with a contact surface 4a of the holding section 4, removing dust D on the contact surface 4a outward from the contact surface 4a. This makes it possible to provide a small camera module 1 while preventing (reducing) dust from causing an image defect.

Abstract: An optical beam emitted from a laser light source is converted by a spatial filter to have a desired beam diameter, and converted by a collimate lens into a collimated beam. The optical beam rendered to be a collimated beam has its intensity adjusted by an ND filter. The optical beam having its intensity adjusted is lead by a mirror to an angle rotation mirror. The angle rotation mirror reflects the optical beam toward a hologram element. Holograms are recorded on the hologram element in advance, so that reconstructed beams are collected at a prescribed position irrespective of an incident position of the optical beam.

Abstract: A toner composed of small particles excellent in a cleaning property, a transferring property, and charge uniformity is provided as well as a method of manufacturing the toner, and two-component developer, developing device, and image forming apparatus using the toner. The toner contains binder resin and colorant, and includes a particle which has an outline having one or more and three or less bending points in its projection image on a plane. The toner thus contains a non-spherical particle and therefore is caught easily by a cleaning blade as well as coming into point-contact with a to-be-transferred member, therefore being capable of having both of cleaning property and transferring property.

Abstract: A camera module 1 includes: an optical structure 3 that forms a subject image; a solid-state image pickup element 21 that converts, into an electrical signal, a subject image formed by the optical structure 3; a lens holder 4, holding the optical structure 3 therein, which contains the solid-state image pickup element 21; and a cushioning member 34, disposed between the optical structure 3 and the lens holder 4 so as to avoid an optical path of the optical structure 3, which absorbs the impact of contact between the optical structure 3 and the lens holder 4, the cushioning member being made of nonmetallic material. This makes it possible to provide a small solid-state image pickup device while preventing dust from being generated when the camera module 1 is manufactured or used.

Abstract: One type of dryer, namely a laundry dryer (1), comprises a water tank (20) and a drum (30). At the time of drying laundry, the interior of the drum (30) functions as a hermetically closed drying chamber (170). The air in the closed drying chamber (170) is sucked into a circulation duct (171) and heated by means of a heater (173) to a hot air before being blown into the closed drying chamber (170). The hot air having absorbed moisture from the laundry comes into contact with dehumidification water in a cooling chamber (174) within the circulation duct (171), thereby being dehumidified. The dehumidification water is sprayed by a mist generator (180). In the drying process, the mist generator (180) generates mist of metal ion water which has passed through an ion dissolving unit (100) and sprays the mist to the laundry.

Abstract: A GaN heterojunction FET has an AlxGa1-xN first graded layer and an AlyGa1-yN second graded layer, which are formed sequentially on a channel layer. The Al mole fraction x of the first graded layer decreases linearly from, for example, 0.2 at an interface of the first graded layer with the channel layer to 0.1 at an interface thereof with the second graded layer. The Al mole fraction y of the second graded layer increases from, for example, 0.1 at an interface of the second graded layer with the first graded layer to 0.35 at a surface located on the opposite side from the first graded layer. Because the intrinsic polarization of AlGaN depends on the Al mole fraction, fixed negative charge is generated in the AlxGa1-xN first graded layer, and fixed positive charge is generated in the AlyGa1-yN second graded layer.

Abstract: In a raw material mixing step, toner raw materials containing polymerizable monomers, colorant, and a release agent are mixed. In an emulsifying step, the mixture is emulsified under pressure to obtain a polymerizable composition. In a cooling step, the polymerizable composition is cooled down. In a depressurizing step, the polymerizable composition cooled down is depressurized. The polymerizable composition thus obtained has the colorant and the release agent evenly and finely dispersed therein. In a polymerizing step, the polymerizable composition is subjected to polymerization reaction. Toner particles are thus obtained which have uniform final sizes and exhibit a sharp particle size distribution.

Abstract: In a transmitter (2001), when generating a transmission frame having no limitation to a window size, a batch-transmission-end flag generating circuit (2004) and a sequence number generating circuit (2005) respectively adds a batch-transmission-end flag and a sequence number to the transmission frame. In a receiver, if an omission of a sequence number is detected as a result of analyzing sequence numbers of frames having received from the transmitter (2001), retransmission request is made when receiving a frame whose batch-transmission-end flag indicates the end. In this way, retransmission is possible in data transmission using UI frames, and the communication efficiency can be improved.

Abstract: By adding a public identifier for designating a PAN configured by a communication terminal owned by a user to subscriber information managed in a mobile communication network, it is possible to manage a plurality of communication terminals as a group. The mobile communication network 2 includes a communication control device 4 for managing subscriber information and performing communication control. A communication terminal #1 on which USIM 8 is mounted is connected to communication terminals #2 and #3 constituting PAN 7 together with the communication terminal #1.