Abstract: Microstructures can be formed as patterned layers on a substrate and then erecting the microstructures out of the plane of the substrate. The microstructures may be formed over circuits in the substrate. In some embodiments the patterned layer provides resiliently-flexible members such as cantilevers or springs that can be buckled to permit an edge defined by the patterned layer to engage a surface of the substrate. In some embodiments deformation of the resiliently-flexible members results the edge being forced against the substrate. Such microstructures may be applied in a wide range of applications including supporting optical elements, sensors, antennas or the like out of the plane of a substrate. Examples of accelerometer structures are described.

Abstract: A method is provided for simulating interaction between a tool and an object. The method involves: providing a tool model for simulating the tool in a simulated environment; providing a mesh for simulating the object in the simulated environment, the mesh comprising a plurality of nodes and a plurality of first force functions between pairs of nodes, each first force function being a function of a distance between its corresponding pair of nodes; and deforming the mesh in response to interaction between the tool model and the mesh in the simulated environment. Deforming the mesh may involve: displacing one or more initially displaced nodes; and displacing one or more level-one-connected nodes, displacement of each level-one-connected node dependent on at least one first force function between the level-one-connected node and a corresponding one of the one or more initially displaced nodes.

Abstract: A light emitting/charge storage device is disclosed. The light emitting/charge storage device includes an organic light emitting diode (OLED) portion and at least one charge storage portion electrically and physically connected therewith. The OLED portion includes a first anode layer, a first cathode layer, and an electroluminescent layer disposed at least partially between the first anode layer and the first cathode layer. The at least one charge storage portion includes a second anode layer, a second cathode layer, and an ionic polymer dielectric layer disposed at least partially between the second anode layer and the second cathode layer, and/or a thin film battery layer. A light emitting/charge storage system is also disclosed. Certain embodiments of the device and system of the invention may provide integrated illumination and charge storage in a unitary stacked layered structure with flexible mechanical characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention discloses structure of a two-gate field effect transistor (FET), named as charge gated FET, and presents various active pixel sensor (APS) and multimode architectures using the device which has only one, or two on-pixel transistors for high resolution, high gain and fast frame rate APS arrays. It is also disclosed a new method of addressing pixels of an APS array by applying the addressing voltage pulse directly to the gate of the amplifying transistor of the pixel architecture, eliminating the row select transistor from the pixel circuit.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for assessing the results of a bioassay between probe biomolecules and target biomolecules using conventional optical disk drive.

Abstract: The invention provides nucleic acid hybridization methods for detecting target nucleic acid sequences wherein complexes comprising nanoparticles non-covalently associated with single-stranded tartlet nucleic acid molecules are incubated with immobilized probe nucleic acid molecules. Because the nanoparticles function as competitors in the hybridization reaction between the target nucleic acid molecules and the probe nucleic acid molecules. The methods provide a high degree of discrimination between a perfectly matched target sequence and a sequence having at least a single-base-pair mismatch, even when the hybridization reaction is performed at room temperature. The invention also provides microarray methods and apparatus which incorporate the nanoparticle-assisted hybridization methods.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of Formula (I) for selectively inhibiting glycosidases, prodrugs of the compounds, and pharmaceutical compositions including the compounds or prodrugs of the compounds. The invention also provides methods of treating diseases and disorders related to deficiency or overexpression of O-GlcNAcase, accumulation or deficiency of O-GlcNAc.

Abstract: The invention relates to a microfluidic device. The microfluidic device comprises a fluid chamber comprising a particle retention region for retaining at least one particle, such as a cell. The microfluidic device also comprises a plurality of electrodes extending into the particle retention region for applying a dielectrophoretic (DEP) force to controllably move the particle within the particle retention region. The invention also relates to methods of using the microfluidic device to controllably move the particle within the microfluidic device and to monitor, observe, or measure a parameter of the particle. The particle movement may be caused by a DEP force and/or a fluidic force.

Abstract: The invention relates to a microfluidic device comprising one or more fluid channels, one or more fluid ports, and a V-shaped particle retention structure. The fluid channel is generally opposite the particle retention structure, fluid ports are located between the fluid channel and the particle retention structure, and the particle retention structure has sloped side walls. Fluid, including reagents, can be delivered to the microfluidic device through the one or more fluid channels or the fluid ports. The invention also relates to methods of using the microfluidic device to monitor, observe, measure, or record a biological parameter of a particle, to separate a single particle from a group of particles, to culture a cell, to treat a particle, and to move a particle back and forth in the device.

Abstract: The present invention provides in part a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt or stereoisomer thereof: where R1 is selected from the group consisting of a substituted triazole group, a guanidine group, a urea group, a thiourea group, an amidine group, and N3; and R2 is selected from the group consisting of H, Me, Et and an amino acid, and methods and uses thereof.

Abstract: Compounds having the general formula (I): wherein X is S, Se or NH, and stereoisomers thereof, and de-O-sulfonated analogues of all of the foregoing, but excluding naturally occurring kotalanol and de-O-sulfonated kotalanol, and methods for synthesizing same. The compounds are useful as glycosidase inhibitors, and may be used in the treatment of diabetes. The synthetic compounds may also be used as standards in the calibration or grading of natural or herbal remedies produced from natural sources of glycosidase inhibitors such as kotalanol.

Abstract: This application relates to vaprochromic coordination polymers useful for analyte detection. The vapochromism may be observed by visible color changes, changes in luminescence, and/or spectroscopic changes in the infrared (IR) signature. One or more of the above chromatic changes may be relied upon to identify a specific analyte, such as a volatile organic compound or a gas. The chromatic changes may be reversible to allow for successive analysis of different analytes using the same polymer. The polymer has the general formula MW[M?X(Z)Y]N wherein M and M? are the same or different metals capable of forming a coordinate complex with the Z moiety; Z is selected from the group consisting of halides, pseudohalides, thiolates, alkoxides and amides; W is between 1-6; X and Y are between 1-9; and N is between 1-5. Optionally, an organic ligand may be bound to M. In alternative embodiments of the invention M may be a transition metal, such as Cu and Zn.

Abstract: The invention provides compounds of Formula (I) for selectively inhibiting glycosidases, prodrugs of the compounds, and pharmaceutical compositions including the compounds or prodrugs of the compounds. The invention also provides methods of treating diseases and disorders related to deficiency or overexpression of O-GlcNAcase, accumulation or deficiency of O-GlcN Ac.

Abstract: Methods for detecting defective pixels in imaging arrays involve establishing probabilities that individual pixels are defective and updating those probabilities by analysing images acquired by the imaging arrays. Probabilities may be evaluated for each of two or more defect conditions. The methods may be used to detect defects such as stuck-low, stuck-high, high-sensitivity, low sensitivity, hot, and defect-free conditions. Other more complicated defect conditions can also be detected. Apparatus for detecting defective pixels may be integrated with a camera or other imaging device or provided separately.

Abstract: This application relates to vaprochromic coordination polymers useful for analyte detection. The vapochromism may be observed by visible color changes, changes in luminescence, and/or spectroscopic changes in the infrared (IR) signature. One or more of the above chromatic changes may be relied upon to identify a specific analyte, such as a volatile organic compound or a gas. The chromatic changes may be reversible to allow for successive analysis of different analytes using the same polymer. The polymer has the general formula MW[M?X(Z)Y]N wherein M and M? are the same or different metals capable of forming a coordinate complex with the Z moiety; Z is selected from the group consisting of halides, pseudohalides, thiolates, alkoxides and amides; W is between 1-6; X and Y are between 1-9; and N is between 1-5. Optionally, an organic ligand may be bound to M.

Abstract: The present invention provides digital imaging architectures comprising detectors coupled to readout circuitry, wherein the readout circuitry is capable of providing large amplification to small, noise sensitive input signals to improve their noise immunity, as well as capable of providing a fast pixel readout time. The readout circuitry comprises an on-pixel amplification transistor as well as additional transistors used to read out the amplified signal and/or to reset the amplified output signal stored by a portion of the circuit prior to reading a subsequent signal. The present invention also provides readout circuitry that is capable of providing large amplification and thus additional noise immunity to the input signal from the detector by implementing another amplification stage within the readout circuitry.

Abstract: Compositions including hard magnetic photoresists, soft photoresists, hard magnetic elastomers and soft magnetic elastomers are provided.

Abstract: Methods are provided for fitting a curve to a set of data values using a least absolute value (LAV) cost function. The set of data values may comprise m sets of data values. The method takes advantage of contraction mapping to determine a number n<m of individual equations which are interpolated by the curve to be fitted, where n corresponds to the number of parameters x1, x2, . . . , xn to be ascertained for the curve to be fitted. The method then involves solving the n selected equations to determine the n parameters x1, x2, . . . , xn of the curve to be fitted. Selection of these parameters ensures that the curve to be fitted minimizes the LAV cost function.

Abstract: The electrical conductivity of DNA and other oligonucleotide constructs is dependent on its conformational state. Such a dependence may be harnessed for the electronic sensing of external analytes, for instance, adenosine or thrombin. Such a DNA sensor incorporates an analyte receptor, whose altered conformation in the presence of bound analyte switches the conformation, and hence, the conductive path between two oligonucleotide stems, such as double-helical DNA. Two distinct designs for such sensors are described that permit significant electrical conduction through a first or “detector” double-helical stem only in the presence of the bound analyte. In the first design, current flows through the analyte receptor itself whereas, in the second, current flows in a path adjacent to the receptor.

Abstract: A data communication system has a station that includes multiple antenna elements. The station communicates to the antenna elements by way of digital data channels. Each antenna is connected to an RF module that receives data by way of a corresponding digital data channel, encodes and transmits the data. Adaptive beamforming may be performed for interference mitigation. Embodiments use the strength of pilot signals and/or error vector magnitudes as cost functions for an adaptive beamforming alogorithm such as optimum combining. Unused sub-carriers may be applied to provide in-band communication to facilitate channel switching, data reallocation and other interference mitigation strategies.