Abstract: A process for preparing .alpha.,.omega.-dicarboxylic acids of the formula OC--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --COOH in which n=6 to 10 is disclosed. The process consists of the catalytic oxidation of a compound of formula X--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --CHO wherein X is CHO or COOH and n is 6 to 10 by O.sub.2 pure or in mixture with inert gas, possibly under pressure, in at least one polar solvent, at a temperature comprised between 20.degree. and 90.degree. C. and in the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst is chosen from the group consisting of at least one cobalt (II) salt and one ferrous salt. The amount of the catalyst is .ltoreq.0.001 mol % calculated on the equivalents of the aldehyde groups in the starting compound.

Abstract: Process for the concurrent preparation of olefinically unsaturated or satted .alpha.,.omega.-dialdehydes and .alpha.,.omega.-diacids, characterized by the fact that the monoozonide of a a mono- or polyunsaturated cycloolefine in solution in a polar solvent, is treated with water and subsequently with an alkaline aqueous solution at room pressure and at a temperature from -5.degree. C. to 70.degree. C., maintaining during the addition of the alkali, a pH not higher than 12, the dialdehyde and the diacid being subsequently isolated by known, conventional methods.

Abstract: The process for obtaining fiber-reinforced foams suitable to be transformed nto reinforced solid cellular materials having a density lower than 0.7 kg/l, if inert fillers are not present, and lower than 1 kg/l if inert fillers are present as well, essentially by mechanical incorporation of gas or a mixture of gases into an unsaturated polyester resin containing conventional additives is described. As reinforcing materials synthetic, vegetable or mineral fibers having a maximum length of 3 mm are employed. The mixture of the resin with the fibers, and optionally with the inert fillers, is conveyed by at least one pump to a mechanical foaming device which introduces into the mixture gas in form of small bubbles, homogeneously and uniformly distributed therein.

Abstract: As new industrial products, the esters of the following general formula (A) ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is alkyl radical selected from the group consisting of hyl and ethyl;R.sub.2 is an alkyl radical selected from the group consisting of methyl and ethyl; andR.sub.3 is an alkyl radical having the formula C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 wherein n is a number from 5 to 11.Process for the preparation of said esters as well as their use in the field of lubrication, of hydraulic fluids, of oily emulsions and of thermal fluids.

Abstract: Method for forming a projectile for a smooth bore gun from a metal bullet, ubstantially made of lead, and a wad-flight control element of plastic material. The bullet is constituted by a metal body provided with an ogive with centering fins and comprises one or more cylindrical segments. The wad-flight control element comprises a container, connected to the bullet and containing the same, an amortizing portion and a cup for sealing off propellant gases. The amortizing portion and the sealing cup act to control the projectile during its flight. The bullet is positioned in a mold by the ogive and the plastic is injection molded about the bullet and inserts to define the flight control element.

Abstract: Process for the continuous production of viscose rayon yarns having a high egree of whiteness, comprising extruding a viscose solution into a coagulating bath, drawing and coagulating the extruded filaments, advancing said filaments in a substantially helical path while they undergo all the treatments required for the production of the finished yarn, which process is characterized by, after the exit of the filaments from the spinning bath, completion of the coagulation to a coagulation index not higher than 1 and a treatment with water having a non-alkaline pH.

Abstract: The process and an apparatus for separating and recovering caprolactam moer from polycapronamide are described. A process comprises subjecting a molten capronamide to the action of a vacuum while it flows as a thin layer, extracting therefrom caprolactam as a vapor and condensing the caprolactam vapor by contact with a stream of molten caprolactam, substantially under the same vacuum to which the polymer has been subjected. Preferably the caprolactam vapor and the molten caprolactam flow equicurrently, the molten caprolactam being suitably subdivided. Heat exchange intensifying surfaces are present in the equicurrent flow path. The molten caprolactam is circulated in a closed circuit.

Abstract: A process is described for the continuous spinning of viscose rayon. Said ocess is characterized by the fact that after the coagulation and drawing of the yarn, a two-stage setting is carried out, the first stage being at higher temperature and acidity than the second stage. The two-stage setting permits one to obtain a yarn which is not only perfectly set but is also substantially desulphurated and the classic desulphuration operation is thus eliminated. The setting is followed by at least one washing and by the other conventional treatments, with the exception of the desulphuration. The viscose rayon continuous spinning process is carried out while the yarn travels in a substantially helical path.

Abstract: A process for the xanthation of alkali-cellulose comprises the reaction of he alkali-cellulose with CS.sub.2 in excess with respect to the desired xanthate substitution degree at a pressure which increases from the initial 110 mm Hg to about 400-500 mm Hg and at a temperature increasing from about 21.degree. C. to about 23.degree.-25.degree. C. The unreacted CS.sub.2 is removed from the reactor, once the desired xanthate substitution degree is reached, by application of a vacuum. This viscose rayon continuous spinning process eliminates the need for the usual desulphuration phase for decreasing the sulphur content and for bleaching the product. The viscose obtained has reduced content of compounds capable of forming elementary sulphur. The regenerated cellulose yarn has improved characteristics as to the sulphur content and degree of whiteness.

Abstract: A process is provided herein for continuously spinning viscose yarns by euding viscose into a coagulating bath to form filaments and partially coagulating these filaments to a coagulation index of between 15 and 18, while concurrently stretching said filaments to the desired stretch ratio and then subjecting the filaments to a 2-stage coagulation treatment in which (1) the filaments are advanced without further chemical treatment onto e.g. a first advancing roller where partial spontaneous coagulation occurs such that the coagulation index is between 5 and 8 and (2) a second stage coagulation which comprises contacting the filaments with an acid bath at a temperature between 50.degree. and 100.degree. C. until complete coagulation occurs such that the coagulation index is between 0 and 1.The aforementioned process permits the spinning operation to occur at a much greater speed than was hitherto possible without increasing dimensions of the treatment zones or apparatus.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of .omega.-lactams (in particular caprolactam) ith improved yields, by reaction of cycloaliphatic derivatives having the general formula: ##STR1## wherein n=3-13 with nitrosating agents in the presence of dehydrating agents, characterized by the fact that the reaction is carried out a low temperature which is constant between stages, and in all the zones of a stage and with particular concentrations of the dehydrating agent.

Abstract: A process for continuous or batch preparation of an .omega.-amino-acid is scribed, comprising the imination of an unsaturated aldehyde acid, the catalytic reduction in a single hydrogenation step of the imine of the ethylenically unsaturated straight chain .omega.-aldehyde acid in the presence of ammonia and an alkaline metal hydroxide whereby the alkaline salt of the imine is obtained, and the acidification of the alkaline salt of the .omega.-amino acid. The imine of formyl alkenoic acid is prepared at most at room temperature adding the acid to an ammonia solution of above 10%, then adding NaOH solution to the ammonia solution. The reductive imination is effectuated in two steps, first at 100.degree.-150.degree. C. and the second at 150.degree.-180.degree. C. under a 20-70 Ate pressure in the presence of a nickel catalyst. High yield and only few by-products are obtained.

Abstract: A process for the purification of raw caprolactam obtained by extraction h alkylated phenols from its sulphuric solution, re-extraction with water, oxidation preferably with KMnO.sub.4, evaporation of water and distillation, comprises, before the oxidation treatment, a "fast distillation", in the presence of an alkali. The oxidation is conducted at 0.degree.-80.degree. C. and at atmospheric pressure with 0.005-0.5% by weight of KMnO.sub.4. The amount of alkali (NaOH) used in the fast distillation is comprised between 0.05 and 0.5% by weight.

Abstract: A process for purifying caprolactame by continuous and/or discontinuous (or atch) vacuum distillation comprises a first stage fast vacuum distillation of the raw caprolactame possibly in the presence of an alkaline and/or alkaline-earth hydroxide, a second stage consisting of a vacuum rectification distillation of the caprolactame obtained in the first stage and a third stage consisting of the fast vacuum distillation of the caprolactame yielded from the second stage, in the presence of an alkaline and/or alkaline-earth hydroxide. The hydroxide amount in the third and possibly the first stage distillation as well varies from 0.05 to 5% preferably from 0.1% to 1%.

Abstract: A method for producing flame resistant synthetic polyamides, suitable for inning is described, wherein melamine and isocyanuric acid are reacted in an aqueous environment at the melamine isocyanurate formation temperature. An aqueous suspension of melamine isocyanurate is obtained having a maximum granule size not exceeding 2 microns, substantially free from agglomerates. The suspension is admixed with the monomeric material and the whole is submitted to polymerization. The invention provides a successful method for obtaining flame-resisting polyamide fibers and yarns owing to the presence therein of the melamine isocyanurate additive.

Abstract: A process for the production of synthetic linear polymers which contain atives is described, in which the polymer and the additives, both in the fluid state, are mixed, the resulting mixture is homogenized, and the homogenized mixture is in part conveyed to apparatus which uses it to make a product and in part is recycled, the recycled amount being preferably at least 5% of the total weight of the mixture. The preferred polymers are polyamides. The additives may be of any kind, e.g. antistatics, and they may be added as such or as a master batch consisting of a polymeric base containing finely particulated solid materials such as carbon black, matting agents or pigments.

Abstract: A method for the purification of raw caprolactam containing primary amides f the formula ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrocarbon radical having 1-14 carbon atoms is described. The raw caprolactam is treated with at least one compound containing at least one hydroxyl group, in an amount of at least 20% by weight with respect to the raw caprolactam, at a temperature equal to or higher than that at which the ammonia, which is a part of the amide of formula I, is liberated. The caprolactam is then separated and isolated from the hydroxyl containing compound by known methods.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of regenerated cellulose shaped bodies from inning dopes comprising solutions of methylol derivatives of cellulose in organic solvent selected from dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulphoxide and N-methyl-pyrrolidone is described. The cellulose derivative is coagulated from the spinning dope in a coagulating bath, the main component of which is a high-boiling alcohol capable of reacting with the free (para)formaldehyde and with the bound (para)formaldehyde of the methylol derivative to a degree varying with the temperature. It is possible to prepare filaments and yarns having excellent characteristics by starting from solutions having high CH.sub.2 O and cellulose concentrations and high MS ratios.

Abstract: A finish composition is disclosed for facilitating cotton type spinning of rimped cellulosic fibres comprising:(A) about 10-30% of an ester of a fatty acid with fatty alcohols;(B) about 8-15% of a partial ester of phosphoric acid, wherein part of the acid groups are free or salified;(C) about 50-70% of an oxyalkylated fatty acid;(D) up to 0.5% of a hydrosoluble organic or inorganic alkali metal salt; and(E) the balance to 100% of an alkali metal salt of a fatty acid with 6-20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A deformable plastic wad for shot cartridges for hunting and shooting inces a reticular cushioning structure symmetric with respect to the axis of the wad, including portions located on planes parallel and portions located on planes perpendicular to the axis, the first mentioned portions being adapted to resist axial loads and the second mentioned portions being adapted to bend in two opposite directions, at least some of the first mentioned portions being symmetrically located in the vicinity of opposite edges of the second mentioned portions.