Abstract: The present invention presents a new approach to rapidly obtaining precise high-dimensional NMR spectral information, named “GFT NMR spectroscopy”, which is based on the phase sensitive joint sampling of the indirect dimensions spanning a subspace of a conventional NMR experiment. The phase-sensitive joint sampling of several indirect dimensions of a high-dimensional NMR experiment leads to largely reduced minimum measurement times when compared to FT NMR. This allows one to avoid the “sampling limited” data collection regime. Concomitantly, the analysis of the resulting chemical shift multiplets, which are edited by the G-matrix transformation, yields increased precision for the measurement of the chemical shifts. Additionally, methods of conducting specific GFT NMR experiments as well as methods of conducting a combination of GFT NMR experiments for rapidly obtaining precise chemical shift assignment and determining the structure of proteins or other molecules are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for increasing production of sugars from cellulose in a plant biomass using ammonia after swelling of the biomass with water and enzymatic hydrolysis is described. The sugars are preferably fermented to an alcohol, particularly ethanol as a fuel for vehicles.

Abstract: An ylide-based aza-Payne rearrangement of 2,3-aziridin-1-ols leads to an efficient process for the preparation of pyrrolidines. The aza-Payne rearrangement under the basic reaction conditions favors the formation of epoxy amines. Subsequent nucleophilic attack of the epoxide by the ylide yields a bis-anion, which upon a 5-exo-tet ring closure yields the desired pyrrolidine, thus completing the relay of the 3-membered the 5-membered nitrogen containing ring system. This process takes place with complete transfer of stereochemical fidelity, and can be applied to sterically hindered aziridinols.

Abstract: Canine parvovirus vaccines and diagnostics and methods for their use are provided. The vaccines are effective against emerging dominant canine parvovirus variants.

Abstract: An active noise control system includes a first microphone, a controller operably coupled to the first microphone, and a speaker operably coupled to the controller. The first microphone senses a sound input in an audible spectrum, wherein the sound input includes a disturbance noise portion. The controller includes a selection unit and an output unit. The selection unit determines the disturbance noise portion of the sound input based on a highest frequency level of the sound input. The output unit removes the disturbance noise portion from the sound input to generate a filtered sound input. The speaker generates a speaker output based on the filtered sound input.

Abstract: Methods for treatment by collagenase injections are provided, which are effective in dissolving and lysing a collagenase septa network to treat carpal tunnel, plantar fasciitis and lateral epicondylitis conditions. The methods treat such conditions by injecting or otherwise delivering purified collagenase to the afflicted region of the patient, as well as use of collagenase for manufacture of a medicament for such conditions.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a tool for visualizing relationships between and among data. It uses existing relational databases, and provides the means to view these databases in order to reveal degrees of relatedness between and among various data clusters. An illustrative use of said database tool is for analyzing genomics data. A test platform for this tool used EST data for the wheat tribe Triticeae, but can easily be extended for applications where other sequence assembly procedures are implemented, particularly those which use alphanumeric characters to represent data. The implementation of algorithms to manipulate the data points for investigative functions may be adapted to serve other applications.

Abstract: Certain embodiments of the present invention relate to methods for detecting lung cancer.

Abstract: A device and method for investigating phase transformation properties and structural changes of materials. In one form, the device simulates actual thermal processing conditions, while the method can be used in both simulations as well as in actual processing conditions. An analysis using at least one of the device and method is referred to as a single sensor differential thermal analysis, as it compares the temperature recorded in a measured specimen against a reference thermal history without requiring the derivation of the reference thermal history from measured reference temperatures.

Abstract: A system and method for detecting a detectably labeled cell or component thereof in a sample comprising one or more cells or components thereof, at least one cell or component thereof of which is detectably labeled with at least two detectable labels. In one embodiment, the method comprises: (i) introducing the sample into one or more flow cells of a flow cytometer, (ii) irradiating the sample with one or more light sources that are absorbed by the at least two detectable labels, the absorption of which is to be detected, and (iii) detecting simultaneously the absorption of light by the at least two detectable labels on the detectably labeled cell or component thereof with an array of photomultiplier tubes, which are operably linked to two or more filters that selectively transmit detectable emissions from the at least two detectable labels.

Abstract: A method of transforming soybean comprising infecting half-seed explants of soybean with Agrobacterium tumefaciens containing a transgene, which method can further comprise regenerating the half-seed explants in vitro on selection medium.

Abstract: Nanometrology device standards and methods for fabricating and using such devices in conjunction with scanning probe microscopes are described. The fabrication methods comprise: (1) epitaxial growth that produces nanometer sized islands of known morphology, structural, morphological and chemical stability in typical nanometrology environments, and large height-to-width nano-island aspect ratios, and (2) marking suitable crystallographic directions on the device for alignment with a scanning direction.

Abstract: In various embodiments, the present invention can involve a method of synthesizing ?-amino-?-caprolactam. The method can comprise heating a salt of L-lysine in a solvent comprising an alcohol. In other embodiments, the present invention can involve methods for synthesizing ?-caprolactam. The methods can comprise heating a salt of L-lysine in a solvent comprising an alcohol and deaminating the reaction product. In various embodiments, the invention can include methods of converting biomass into nylon 6. The methods can comprise heating L-lysine in a solvent comprising an alcohol to produce ?-amino-?-caprolactam, deaminating to produce ?-caprolactam and polymerizing into nylon 6, wherein the L-lysine is derived from the biomass. In other embodiments, the present invention can include methods of making nylon 6. The methods can comprise synthesizing ?-caprolactam and then polymerizing, wherein the ?-caprolactam is derived from L-lysine.

Abstract: Optical elements having a plurality of integral prism facets having varying prismatic power are provided. These optical elements address the disadvantages of conventional therapeutic optical prisms by addressing the undesirable variation in prismatic effect that results when conventional prisms are combined with optical lenses in binocular vision. Specifically, the present invention can equalize differential prismatic effects of right and left eye lenses over their entire aperture. The optical elements may include a plurality of prism facets having base-down and base-up prismatic power. The elements may include individual elements having variable prismatic elements, individual elements combining both conventional prisms and variable prism, or separate elements having conventional prisms and variable prism. The plurality of integral facets or a substantially continuous smooth surface may be provided, for, example, a cylindrical surface having a circular or non-circular profile.

Abstract: In general, the invention features methods and uses for transposon-mediated gene targeting which greatly enhance the insertion and detection of desired genes in genomic exons by homologous recombination. The invention also features transgenic non-human mammals, and eukaryotic cells, wherein a gene encoding 7B2 protein is modified, as well as nucleic acid vectors capable of undergoing homologous recombination with an endogenous 7B2 gene in a cell. The invention also features transgenic non-human mammals as models of endocrine disorders, as well as methods for diagnosing and treating patients with endocrine disorders.

Abstract: Devices and methods for improving the dynamic range and signal-to-noise ratio of image sensors. Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors that use at least one CMOS image pixel circuit, and methods that the CMOS image sensor integrated circuit is configured to perform.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for storing hydrogen. One embodiment of such a method comprises providing a storage apparatus having a substrate and a nanostructure mat on at least a portion of a side of the substrate. The nanostructure mat comprises a plurality of nanostructures having a surface ionization state which causes more than one layer of hydrogen to adsorb onto the nanostructures. The method can also include exposing the nanostructure mat to hydrogen such that more than one layer of hydrogen adsorbs onto the nanostructures.

Abstract: Fructooligosaccharide (FOS)-related protein nucleic acid molecules and polypeptides and fragments and variants thereof are disclosed in the current invention. In addition, FOS-related fusion proteins, antigenic peptides, and anti-FOS-related antibodies are encompassed. The invention also provides recombinant expression vectors containing a nucleic acid molecule of the invention and host cells into which the expression vectors have been introduced. Methods for producing the polypeptides of the invention and methods for their use are further disclosed.

Abstract: An immunoglobulin binding peptide having the general formula, from amino terminus to carboxy terminus, of Z-R1—R2—R3—R4—R5—R6—X, is described, wherein: R1 is H or Y; R2 is a hydrophobic, preferentially aromatic, amino acid (for example W, F, Y, V); R3 is a positively charged or aromatic amino acid (for example R, H, F, W); R4 is a hydrophobic or positively charged amino acid (for example G, Y, R, K, L); R5 is a positively charged or aromatic amino acid (for example W, F, R, H, Y); R6 a random amino acid but preferably hydrophobic or negatively charged (for example V, W, L, D, H); X is present or absent and when present is a linking group; and Z is present or absent and when present is a capping group bonded to the N terminus of R1; and wherein the amino acids of said peptide are in D form, L form, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A microchannel reactor is disclosed that provides superior performance for three-phase (gas/liquid/solid-catalyst) reactions. The reactor may be used, for example, in industrial-scale catalysis, e.g., in large-scale chemical production, and also in catalyst screening. Each microchannel in the reactor has a separate micro-outlet to supply gas to the channel. Each microchannel is open on both ends, so that liquid may freely flow through the channels in both directions. Oscillatory forcing is applied to the liquid outside the microreactor. The combined effect of the separate gas inlets for each microchannel, the open nature of the microchannels on both ends, and oscillatory forcing results in highly efficient transport of both gas and liquid through all of the microchannels, promotes efficient mixing, and enhances catalysis.