Abstract: A process for the separation and/or purification of oligo- and polyhydroxy compounds by introducing and subsequently eliminating protective groups, wherein oligo- and polyhydroxy compounds are reacted with bis(ethyl-pivaloyloxy)-diboroxane or ethylboroxine, optionally in inert solvents, the resulting O-ethylboranodiyl derivatives of the hydroxy compounds are separated off and the O-ethylboranodiyl protective groups are eliminated by alcoholic compounds, for example methanol or glycol.

Abstract: A process has been developed for controlling the catalytic co-oligmoerization of 1,3-dienes with Schiff's bases which comprises condensing a 1,3-diene of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.4 and R.sup.5, independently of one another, represent hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms with a Schiff base of the formula ##STR2## wherein each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represents hydrogen alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl, aryl or dimethylamino groups which, in addition, optionally contain functional groups of the group consisting of ethers esters, C.dbd.N double bonds and which can be closed to form a ring, in the presence of a nickel (O)-containing catalyst, and optionally in the presence of an X--H compound with a molar ratio of Ni: X H of from 1:0 to 1:10.

Abstract: Process for deodorizing fat or oil containing odoriferous material by contacting the same with carbon dioxide at a temperature of 150.degree. to 250.degree. C. and a pressure of 100 to 250 atmospheres for the selective take-up by the carbon dioxide of the odoriferous material, thereby separating odoriferous material from the fat or oil.

Abstract: Lubricant comprising in admixture a monomeric ester of a branched dicarboxyic acid and aliphatic, primary monoalcohol, and a complex ester of dicarboxylic acid and hexanediol or trimethyl hexanediol.

Abstract: Process for extracting nicotine is disclosed in which tobacco is exposed to an extracting solvent in either liquid or gaseous state at temperatures below about 100.degree. C. and at high pressures. The aroma generating substances can be removed by conducting the extraction with the tobacco in dry condition. Thereafter the tobacco can be moistened, and on further contacting the nicotine is removed. The aroma generating substances can then be recombined with nicotine free tobacco.

Abstract: Optically active compounds are prepared from optically inactive unsaturated hydrocarbons by reacting at least one unsaturated hydrocarbon in the presence of a catalyst prepared by combining a nickel compound, a Lewis acid and an optically active phosphine of the general formulaPR'R"R"'in which R', R" and R"' are hydrocarbon radicals, thereby forming optically active compounds having chiral centers formed by the carbon-to-carbon linkages. The optically active compounds can be polymerized to provide optically active polymers.

Abstract: Method for the polymerization of alpha-olefins, e.g., ethylene and its higher homologs, to produce high molecular weight polymers by contacting the alpha-olefin or an alpha-olefin mixture to be polymerized with a catalyst formed from a mixture of a first and second component, the first component essentially consisting of a dialkyl, diaryl organoaluminum compound, or aluminum hydride, and preferably a dialkyl aluminum halide, e.g., diethyl aluminum chloride, and the second component essentially consisting of a salt, freshly precipitated oxide or hydroxide of a Group IVB, VB, VIB or VIII of the Periodic System, and most preferably a salt, such as titanium chloride.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of spice extracts by extraction of the natural spice with a supercritical gas such as carbon dioxide in which the aroma contents are first extracted with a dry gas; the flavor contents are then extracted with a moist gas and the extracted materials recovered and mixed.

Abstract: Complexes of nickel or cobalt with phosphine, phosphite, stilbene or arsine ligands, especially nickel-phosphine complexes, useful as catalysts.

Abstract: Process of solubilizing alkali- and alkali-earth metal salts, characterized in that the salts are reacted in the presence of solvents if desired, with open-chain polyethyleneglycoldiethers of the general formulaRO--[CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O].sub.n R'wherein n = 6 or more and R and R' are identical or different and represent alkyl, aryl or cycloalkyl groups respectively, the polyethyleneglycoldiethers having at least 7 oxygen atoms which are separated from one another each by two carbon atoms. The process can also be used to dissolve alkali metals.

Abstract: Process for extraction of hops utilizing supercritical gases such as carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Process for reacting an H-acidic organic compound, in which the acidic H-atom is bonded to the organic radical by an oxygen or a sulphur atom, e.g. an alcohol, with a metal having a standard potential which is more positive than -1.66 volts and which at most incompletely reacts with the H-acidic compound under current-free conditions, e.g. Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Sb, Cu, or Au. The H-acidic compound or a solution thereof is a polar solvent is made conducting by addition of a soluble salt of chlorine, bromine or iodine, and is electrolyzed at a temperature of up to 150.degree. C, using said metal as the anode, for production of the alcoholate.

Abstract: Optically active compounds are prepared from optically inactive unsaturated hydrocarbons by reacting at least one unsaturated hydrocarbon in the presence of a catalyst prepared by combining a nickel compound, a Lewis acid and an optically active phosphine of the general formulaPR'R"R'"in which R', R" and R'" are hydrocarbon radicals, thereby forming optically active compounds having chiral centers formed by the carbon-to-carbon linkages. The optically active compounds can be polymerized to provide optically active polymers.

Abstract: Process of producing nickel alcoholates by reacting .pi.-allyl nickel compounds with carbonyl compounds. The nickel alcoholates so produced can be hydrolyzed to their corresponding alcohols and these alcohols can in part be dehydrated to their corresponding olefins. The nickel alcoholate products are useful for the production of their corresponding alcohols and these alcohols are useful for the production of their corresponding olefins.

Abstract: A series of mono, bi and tricarbocyclic compounds, most of which have olefinic unsaturation in the ring, which may or may not have substituents thereon. While the bi and tricyclic rings may be unsubstituted, these compounds which have olefinic unsaturation, particularly multiple olefinic unsaturation, are polymerizable and copolymerizable in known polymerization systems. They are particularly good crosslinking agents. These compounds are further useful in the sense that they can be cleaved oxidatively, to corresponding carboxylic acids, aldehydes and/or alcohols which have known utility in the plasticizer and detergent arts. The compounds which do not have olefinic unsaturation can also be oxidatively cleaved to produce oxygenated, e.g., acid, alcohol or aldehyde, compounds having known utility.

Abstract: A series of mono, bi and tricarbocyclic compounds, most of which have olefinic unsaturation in the ring, which may or may not have substituents thereon. While the bi and tricyclic rings may be unsubstituted, these compounds which have olefinic unsaturation, particularly multiple olefinic unsaturation, are polymerizable and copolymerizable in known polymerization systems. They are particularly good crosslinking agents. These compounds are further useful in the sense that they can be cleaved oxidatively, to corresponding carboxylic acids, aldehydes and/or alcohols which have known utility in the plasticizer and detergent arts. The compounds which do not have olefinic unsaturation can also be oxidatively cleaved to produce oxygenated, e.g., acid, alcohol or aldehyde, compounds having known utility.

Abstract: A series of mono, bi and tricarbocyclic compounds, most of which have olefinic unsaturation in the ring, which may or may not have substituents thereon. While the bi and tricyclic rings may be unsubstituted, these compounds which have olefinic unsaturation, particularly multiple olefinic unsaturation, are polymerizable and copolymerizable in known polymerization systems. They are particularly good crosslinking agents. These compounds are further useful in the sense that they can be cleaved oxidatively, to corresponding carboxylic acids, aldehydes and/or alcohols which have known utility in the plasticizer and detergent arts. The compounds which do not have olefinic unsaturation can also be oxidatively cleaved to produce oxygenated, e.g., acid, alcohol or aldehyde, compounds having known utility.

Abstract: Alpha olefins are polymerized alone or in admixture at comparatively low pressures to produce polymers employing a two-component catalyst wherein one component is an organozinc or organomagnesium compound, e.g. zinc diethyl, magnesium diphenyl, propyl magnesium chloride, etc. The other component is a salt, oxide or hydroxide of a metal of Group IV-B, V-B or VI-B of the Periodic System, including thorium and uranium.

Abstract: A series of mono, bi and tricarbocyclic compounds, most of which have olefinic unsaturation in the ring, which may or may not have substituents thereon. While the bi and tricyclic rings may be unsubstituted, these compounds which have olefinic unsaturation, particularly multiple olefinic unsaturation, are polymerizable and copolymerizable in known polymerization systems. They are particularly good crosslinking agents. These compounds are further useful in the sense that they can be cleaved oxidatively, to corresponding carboxylic acids, aldehydes and/or alcohols which have known utility in the plasticizer and detergent arts. The compounds which do not have olefinic unsaturation can also be oxidatively cleaved to produce oxygenated, e.g., acid, alcohol or aldehyde, compounds having known utility.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel nickel alcoholates and alcohols thereof and to a process of preparing said novel nickel alcoholates and alcohols.