Abstract: Support components or supports for supporting calender rolls for treating web-shaped materials comprise walls which surround a roll stand of the calender and are slidably arranged at guideways provided at the roll stand. Each support component supports an associated calender roll having a predetermined diameter, and a predetermined support length of each support component in a predetermined direction of the guideways is greater than the predetermined diameter of the associated calender roll. The walls of adjacent support components define a predetermined numbr of pairs of mutually facing edges. At least one pair of mutually facing edges between two adjacent support components contains projections and complementary shaped recesses. When such two adjacent support components are slidably displaced toward one another, the projections extend into the correspondingly structured complementary shaped recesses.

Abstract: A roll device has upper and lower controlled deflection rolls, having sleeves which are rotatable about respective non-rotatably mounted carriers are supported on the carriers by means of force generators in the pressure plane of the roll device, and are displaceable relative to the carriers along the pressure plane over their entire length. The carrier of the upper controlled deflection roll is arranged at a fixed position relative to the stand of the roll device. The carrier of the lower controlled deflection roll is adjustable in a variable manner into a working position relative to the stand of the roll device. Regulators are provided for the controlled deflection rolls, which serve for adjusting and holding the sleeves of the controlled deflection rolls at predetermined heights and for adjusting the carrier of the lower controlled deflection roll by means of a setting device into a working position.

Abstract: A sand layer is fluidized by a gas stream or current in a fluidized bed dryer and indirectly heated by immersed stationary heat-exchanger tubes. The sludge to be dried is continuously fed under pressure in a pumpable conditon from above onto the fluidized sand layer. The sludge is coagulated in the fluidized sand layer to form sludge lumps. Here, the sludge lumps are successively dried from the surface down to the core thereof, and the already dried layers of the sludge lumps are successively abraded by the fluidized sand, whereby the sludge lumps are entirely comminuted and the dry matter thereof is pulverized to form dust. This product dust is continuously discharged together with the exhaust-gas stream from the fluidized bed dryer and continuously separated as a product from the exhaust-gas stream. The gas stream or current freed from dust is partially recycled in a closed circuit back to the fluidized bed dryer for fluidization of the sand layer.

Abstract: A heatable controlled deflection roll contains hydrostatic support elements, each of which is supported in a pressure chamber and displaceable in a predetermined support or pressing direction. Heating of the rotatable roll shell or jacket of the controlled deflection roll is accomplished by infeeding a heated hydraulic heat carrier medium to bearing pockets of the hydrostatic support elements. This infeed of the heated hydraulic heat carrier medium is effected operationally separate from the provision of the pressure chamber with hydraulic pressurized fluid medium colder than the heated hydraulic heat carrier medium. The infeed of the hydraulic heat carrier medium and the infeed of the hydraulic pressurized fluid medium are thus accomplished via separate lines without thermal stressing of associated regulating valves and pumps and without a viscosity reduction of the hydraulic pressurized fluid medium, such viscosity reduction resulting in a loss of hydraulic pressurized fluid medium.

Abstract: Support of a nip relieving device to compensate for overhanging weights at an elevationally displaceable bearing part of an intermediate roll of the calender is effected relative to the stand of the calender by an elevationally displaceable support member. This support member is displaceable by a threaded spindle which is rotatable with a motor and gearing and supported by the stand, to which threaded spindle the support member is individually engageable. The support member is thus individually displaceable to the related bearing part, according to the elevational position thereof, into a desired relative position. According to a preferred embodiment, the components of the nip relieving device are arranged in a bearing sleeve enclosing the threaded spindle and the support member is formed by a nut which is elevationally displaceable by rotation of the threaded spindle.

Abstract: The apparatus comprises a work surface heated by a heat carrier medium and located upon a heat-conducting layer carried by a metallic base body. The base body is provided with grooves at its surface confronting the heat-conducting layer and/or this heat-conducting layer is provided at its surface confronting the base body with grooves. The work surface is heated by infeeding the heat carrier medium into the grooves. To influence heat transfer to the heat-conducting layer carrying the work surface, particularly to a sheet metal plating or the like, for instance a cylinder jacket seated in direct metallic contact or only through the intermediate disposition of a transition layer of good thermal conductivity, upon the base body, there are provided control means regulating heat conduction from the base body to the heat-conducting layer and/or from the heat carrier medium guided in the grooves to the base body or the heat-conducting layer.

Abstract: A high pressure evaporation vessel which is operated at a predeterminate pressure above atmospheric pressure, is connected to a low pressure expansion vessel which is operated at a predeterminate pressure below the pressure prevailing in the high pressure evaporation vessel, through a U-shaped siphon tube. The U-shaped siphon tube contains a liquid column absorbing the pressure difference existing between the high pressure evaporation vessel and the low pressure expansion vessel.

Abstract: The method of dispersing a material containing waste paper by means of a dispersion apparatus and a dewatering machine, renders possible performing the material dispersion operation at essentially constant specific dispersion work even when encountering fluctuations of the raw material to be dispersed and of the dispersing process itself. For this purpose there is provided a regulating system which, with the aid of measured values or magnitudes derived from the dispersing process and predeterminate processing relationships, controls the addition of diluting water to the material to be dispersed at a location upstream of the dispersion apparatus.

Abstract: For uniform and regular adjustment of a diaphragm blade within the elastic deformability thereof, the diaphragm blade provided at the slice opening of a headbox of a papermaking machine is movable by means of adjusting elements driveable by adjustment motors. The adjusting elements are arranged in an appropriate spaced relationship substantially parallel to the diaphragm blade and coupled therewith in order to apply a force upon the diaphragm blade at connecting locations thereof. At each of the adjustment motors there can be individually set or adjusted during an adjusting operation prior to starting the adjustment motors the momentarily desired thrust speed and the momentarily desired thrust distance or travel for the respective adjusting element. All adjustment motors are simultaneously started and simultaneously stopped subsequent to reaching the desired position or location of the diaphragm blade.

Abstract: The bleaching chemicals are added to the pulp immediately after heating of the raw pulp thickened to more than 20% by weight and immediately prior to a dispersing process. This is carried out in a high-speed, high-efficiency disperser, where the heated, thickened pulp is forced through a plurality of narrow slits in a disperser lining and is exposed to strong shearing, impact and kneading stresses. In this way, the dispersing process is reduced to a time period less than 3 seconds, preferably about 1 second or less. As a result, the total time required for reductive bleaching is reduced to less than 15 seconds and no further measures are required for displacing and excluding air from the system. The method can also be advantageously used with oxidative bleaching at reduced reaction time requirements. A high dispersing temperature in the region of 40.degree. C. to 110.degree. C., preferably about 95.degree. C.

Abstract: A fiber stock suspension is directed from a guide device through the nozzle chamber of the headbox device and out of the slice opening thereof onto a papermaking machine. This nozzle chamber comprises at least two zones or sections. The first zone subsequent to the guide device possesses a relatively low convergence angle or low angle of wall inclination of the headbox device relative to the direction of flow of the fiber stock suspension. The other or second zone is positioned prior to or immediately upstream of the slice opening and possesses a substantially greater convergence angle or angle of wall inclination. In the first zone subsequent to the guide device, an improved flow stabilization or quieting of the flow of the fiber stock suspension occurs after the deflection of the fiber stock suspension and the creation of turbulence by the guide device. In the second zone prior to the slice opening the fiber stock suspension is strongly accelerated.

Abstract: In a headbox system for a papermaking machine with an adjustable distribution of the fiber stock suspension or pulp over the web width, the flow in the delivery slice is controlled in such a way that, across the web width, also the distribution of the fibers in respect of fiber orientation and quantity has a desired profile. For this purpose, the flow of the fiber stock suspension is controlled such that in the event of a change in the distribution of the fiber stock suspension across the web width, the horizontal component of the flow direction in the delivery slice remains, at all locations, always in the predetermined machine direction and thus transverse flows are avoided and the flow rate in the delivery slice has a predeterminate profile.

Abstract: In a headbox system for a papermaking machine with an adjustable distribution of the fiber stock suspension or pulp over the web width, the flow in the delivery slice is controlled in such a way that, across the web width, also the distribution of the fibers in respect of fiber orientation and quantity has a desired profile. For this purpose, the flow of the fiber stock suspension is controlled such that in the event of a change in the distribution of the fiber stock suspension across the web width, the horizontal component of the flow direction in the delivery slice remains, at all locations, always in the predetermined machine direction and thus transverse flows are avoided and the flow rate in the delivery slice has a predeterminate profile.

Abstract: The roll calender containing superimposed rolls is provided with base elements which are vertically adjustable at the roll stand and in which there are pivotably mounted movable substantially lever-shaped elements. The roll bearings of the rolls of the roll calender are located at the ends of the movable substantially lever-shaped elements. Between the base elements and the movable substantially lever-shaped elements there are arranged force-applying elements which serve for compensation of overhanging loads. There are also provided stops against which the movable substantially lever-shaped elements are supported when the roll calender is opened or nip relieved.

Abstract: In a multi-ply headbox of a papermaking machine, a flexible partition foil or sheet is connected by an apparatus to a rigid partition element dividing the nozzle chamber. For rapid replacement of the flexible partition foil or sheet, the apparatus comprises an upper retaining strip and a lower retaining strip which are structured for force-locking or form-closed or form-locking clamping of the flexible partition foil or sheet therebetween and secured at the rigid partition element. Between the upper and lower retaining strips there is provided a pressure chamber of a pressure device, which pressure chamber can be impinged by a pressurized fluid medium for spreading or expanding, if necessary, the upper and the lower retaining strips. The pressure chamber possesses the shape of a continuous groove extending across the entire outlet width of the headbox.

Abstract: In a pusher centrifuge comprising substantially cylindrical sieve or straining drums which simultaneously rotate but also oscillate relative to one another, and a pusher bottom or base, the pusher edge of at least one sieve or straining drum is provided with inclined surfaces which impart in the transverse or circumferential direction a motive component to the centrifuging or solid material transported in the axial direction. By virtue of the thus generated shearing effect, the compacted solid material cake is torn open or disintegrated during the forward feed and the dewatering performance is improved.

Abstract: In a headbox system for a papermaking machine with an adjustable distribution of the fiber stock suspension or pulp over the web width, the flow in the delivery slice is controlled in such a way that, across the web width, also the distribution of the fibers in respect of fiber orientation and quantity has a desired profile. For this purpose, the flow of the fiber stock suspension is controlled such that in the event of a change in the distribution of the fiber stock suspension across the web width, the horizontal component of the flow direction in the delivery slice remains, at all locations, always in the predetermined machine direction and thus transverse flows are avoided and the flow rate in the delivery slice has a predetermined profile.

Abstract: In a press roll having a stationary support member and a roll shell rotatable about the stationary support member and movable in a predeterminate support or pressing direction throughout the entire width of the press roll, the provision of guide devices for the rotatable roll shell enable accomplishing an axial and radial guiding of the rotatable roll shell with minimum friction and without using roller bearings. These guide devices comprise hydrostatic support or pressure elements which can be adjusted in the predeterminate support or pressing direction. Bearing surfaces of the hydrostatic support elements and running or travel surfaces at the roll shell are spherically designed, for instance provided in mirror-image relationship to one another at both ends of the press roll, or at only one end thereof, or at the central or intermediate region of the press roll.

Abstract: The controlled deflection roll comprises a rotatable roll shell supported at a stationary support member by means of a plurality of hydrostatic pressure elements. The hydrostatic pressure elements are sealingly movably guided by guide structure, for example, bores, which define cylinder chambers. Each cylinder chamber is connected by a feed system comprising a feed channel to a source of a hydraulic pressure medium. Between each feed channel and the related hydrostatic pressure element, there is arranged a damping body provided with at least one throttle location, for example throttle bores, through which the hydraulic pressure medium can flow. The damping body defines essentially the only connection between the feed channel and the cylinder chamber.

Abstract: The roll arrangement comprises a controlled deflection roll provided with a roll shell which is rotatable about a stationary carrier and is supported at the latter by support or pressure elements. An additional load bears upon one end of the roll shell. The inherent weight and/or the bending moments caused by the additional load and transmitted to the roll shell are compensated by a supporting structure. As such supporting structure there may be provided a counterweight which acts essentially at the region of the center of gravity of the additional load.