Abstract: A caustic alkali solution is concentrated to high density or high caustic alkali concentration by evaporation under high pressure at elevated temperature and expansion of the thus obtained concentrated caustic alkali solution to low pressure, preferably below atmospheric pressure. The pressure difference between the high pressure evaporator and the low pressure expansion vessel is absorbed gradually by a pressure difference absorber, preferably comprising a liquid column in a U-shaped siphon tube, so that corrosion and erosion are reduced considerably.

Abstract: Between an uppermost roll and a lowermost roll there are arranged intermediate rolls mounted with their axles in levers. These levers extend across the width of the roll stand of the calender and are vertically pivotably suspended at a pivot at the roll stand. Nip relieving devices act upon these levers and are supported at a support defining a support location at the roll stand. Each pivot is arranged at an associated bearing element which is elevationally adjustable and which is located at the rear side of the roll stand remote from the rolls. If the position of the intermediate rolls change in vertical direction, the related bearing elements are correspondingly individually and vertically displaced, so that the levers are brought into an essentially horizontal position at which the axles of the intermediate rolls and the pivots of the related levers are located in each case in a related horizontal plane.

Abstract: In a multi-ply headbox, the nozzle chamber is subdivided by rigid partition walls into a number of nozzle chambers, and the slice openings or outlet slices are adjustable independently of one another. This is accomplished by providing a pivotable mounting of the partition wall or walls in a guide block, for instance, such pivotable mounting being accomplished by a substantially cylindrical shell or cup bearing structure. The desired pivotable movement or adjustment of the rigid partition wall can be undertaken by an inclined groove-cam guide arrangement effective at a projection of the partition wall or by pressure cushions, such as pressure hoses effective at both sides of the projection.

Abstract: The refiner for processing a fiber stock suspension for paper fabrication comprises at least one substantially planar grinding disc equipped with a conventional set of grinding tools. This substantially planar grinding disc coacts with a perforated plate. The perforations or holes of the perforated plate are provided at a side of the perforations or holes which confronts the grinding disc with grinding edges suitable for achieving a desired refinement processing or treatment of the fiber stock suspension. These perforations or holes experience a force flow of the fiber stock suspension through such perforations or holes.

Abstract: In a controlled deflection roll, hydrostatic support elements are used which can be tilted to an increased extent only in the axial direction but not in the circumferential direction of the roll shell. Deflection or bending of the stationary support member, on which the roll shell is supported by the hydrostatic support elements is compensated by the axial tilting capacity of such hydrostatic support elements. The transverse forces occurring during operation of the controlled deflection roll are automatically compensated by the supporting directions or direction of action of at least outer bearing pockets of the hydrostatic support elements and which form a predeterminate angle with the pressing direction, so that force components directed in the circumferential direction are formed which substantially counteract the prevailing transverse force.

Abstract: An arrangement for separation by flocculation of flocculable substances contained in a suspension, as such is used particularly for purifying the backwater of deinking installations for waste paper processing, comprises a container supplied by a conduit with a suspension coming from a reservoir and admixed with flocculating agents and with air. The container contains a rotor with vertical shaft from which two arms extend outwardly at different heights. The suspension to be purified is delivered by the shaft and the upper arm, and by means of the lower situated arm leading the upper arm at an acute angle the purified water is removed. The floated-up flocculated substances are withdrawn from the surface as flotation scum and optionally by means of a conveying device through a scum conduit.

Abstract: The apparatus has at least one cam plate driven by a drive shaft in a piston pump or hydraulic pressure generator. The cam plate has a cam track or surface with at least two substantially sinusoidal protrusions and recesses or depressions on its circumference or perimeter. The rotation of this cam plate drives a crankshaft of a hydraulic piston and cylinder drive unit or motor by means of at least one plunger or cam follower or tappet and a piston through at least one transmission pipeline or conduit filled with a hydraulic medium. This transmission pipeline is attached without valves to the cylinder of the piston and is connected by means of an also valveless cylinder with a piston of the hydraulic piston and cylinder drive unit or motor.

Abstract: The journals of two vanes of the wind turbine are connected with one another by a connecting rod 26 for absorption of the centrifugal forces of the vanes. Bearings with spherical faces are arranged between the ends of the connecting rod and the journals. The connecting rod is prestressed with a tensile force by means of a tubular bushing which surrounds the rod and which cooperates with threaded rings on the rod to tension the rod.

Abstract: The front wall and support arrangement is shaped as a stiff support structure extending across the entire machine width above a slice chamber. The support structure is deformed due to its inherent weight and because of the pressures and temperatures prevailing in the slice chamber. To counteract these deformation effects the support structure is supported by a support carrier of about the same length as the support structure. To attain a substantially lower structural height, the support carrier is arranged relative to the support structure such that an intermediate space prevails between the lower wall of the support structure and the support carrier. This intermediate space accommodates force-generating support elements. Each of the force-generating support elements is provided for only a portion of the surface or area to be supported in the intermediate space.

Abstract: A hydraulic adjustment motor containing a piston-and-cylinder unit is provided at the roll surface of a roll to be moved to position the roll surface relative to another roll surface of a further roll. Each adjustment motor is arranged between the related roll surface to be moved and its related roll stand. A regulation device is arranged between a pressure source, the pressure chamber of the adjustment motor and a hydraulic medium vessel. This regulation device regulates impingement of the pressure chamber with different pressures up to the maximum pressure of the pressure source and regulates the outflow of a selected volume of the hydraulic medium out of the pressure chamber, correlated to the desired lowering of each roll surface, during lowering of the roll surface and for maintaining a residual volume of the hydraulic medium. Consequently, there is provided a defined relative position between the roll surfaces.

Abstract: The hydrostatic support arrangement comprises a piston-and-cylinder unit and the piston thereof is provided with a bearing shoe. The hydrostatic support arrangement is provided with a separate supply of pressure oil into the chamber of the cylinder of the piston-and-cylinder unit and to a further chamber arranged between the piston and the bearing shoe. The pressure oil passes from this further chamber through throttle bores to stabilizing pockets of the bearing shoe. A bearing pump for the supply of the pressure oil to the further chamber of the bearing shoe comprises a volumetric pump having a high delivery capacity for the delivery of large quantities of oil, while a pressure pump for the supply of the pressure oil to the cylinder of the piston-and-cylinder unit comprises a pressure-regulated pump having a smaller delivery capacity for delivering smaller quantities of oil.

Abstract: The bottom roll of a roll stack in a calender is constructed as a controlled deflection roll equipped with a non-rotatable carrier or support beam and a roll shell rotatable about the non-rotatable carrier. The roll shell is supported on the non-rotatable carrier by means of hydraulic support or pressure elements. The non-rotatable carrier is supported with respect to the calender stand by means of hydraulic carrier support devices. For the rapid opening of the calender and to avoid damage to the roll shell, initially the pressure exerted on the roll shell support elements is reduced in a sudden manner and only after a predetermined time-delay is there reduced the pressure exerted on the carrier support devices.

Abstract: During the melt spinning process for producing metal foils having an amorphous structure, molten metal is cast through a slot-like nozzle onto a surface or wall which is rapidly moved past the nozzle. A particularly rapid quenching and cooling rate of the solidifying melt is achieved by providing cooling support elements which are supplied with a cooling pressure medium, on one side of the moved surface or wall and which aide is located opposite to or remote from the nozzle. Advantageously, the surface or wall is constructed as a thin-walled cylindrical shell or tube which is elastically deformable to some extent. In its shell interior, there are provided a number of rows of cooling support elements which may be controlled by thickness sensors and temperature profile sensors. There is thus rendered possible, the continuous production of amorphous metal foils.

Abstract: White water at a high speed of current occurs in the region of a forming roll in a paper machine running at a high speed. The white water is caught in a white water trough which is provided with deflection vanes and is carried substantially at the initial speed by means of a duct (1) out of the ground plan of the paper machine to a stilling tower (2) standing adjacent to the paper machine, to feed the inner wall of a screen wall (3) of a screen cage, which wall is arranged in the stilling tower. The wall (3) is curved and has openings (4) for the white water to pass through. They are designed to peel off in layers the film of white water which is sent along the wall (3) and to deflect the jets of white water passing through the openings (4) radially outwards to the wall (3) against an outer wall (5) of the stilling tower (2), where the actual deceleration of the current takes place in several individual jets.

Abstract: A method of operating a controlled deflection roll having a stationary roll support or beam and a roll shell or jacket rotatable about the stationary roll support. The rotatable roll shell is supported in relation to the stationary roll support by means of hydrostatic pressure elements. The roll shell is displaceably guided in guides in relation to the stationary roll support for movement in a press or pressure plane. Between the rotatable roll shell and the stationary roll support, supporting or carrier members are operated and regulated for taking-up the inherent weight of the rotatable roll shell within the range of mobility of the rotatable roll shell in relation to the stationary roll support or beam.

Abstract: A pressing machine includes a roller and a pressing shoe which can be moved towards and away from the roller to exert pressure on the roller or on a material in a gap between the shoe and the roller. The shoe is mounted in a pressure chamber to which hydraulic pressure medium can be supplied to move the shoe. Upon movement towards the roller, the shoe applies pressure over a zone extending for a part of the circumference of the roller. Means is mounted on the pressing shoe for altering the length of this zone in the circumferential direction of the roller. To this end, the shoe may have two movable jaws which establish said zone, the jaws being movable by adjusting means over a cylindrical surface of said shoe which has substantially the same centre of curvature as the roller. The pressing shoe is particularly advantageous in a paper machine for dewatering a web of paper or for supporting the rollers of a rolling apparatus.

Abstract: A treatment machine has a treatment drum mounted in a housing and rotatable by means of an adjustable drive. It is intended particularly for the treatment in batches of a bulk material with differing, changing humidities, treatment temperatures and distributions of the bulk material in, and on the circumference of the treatment drum. The treatment drum is mounted by means of at least two axially spaced bearing rings. Each bearing ring has movable, hydrostatic support elements, distributed evenly around the circumference of the treatment drum, and arranged between a contact surface on the treatment drum and the housing. Each support element has two parts which are able to be displaced in radial direction to each other up to a final position and is supported on the housing via an adjustably elastic intermediate member.

Abstract: During processing the soybeans are heated-up in a first of two successively arranged fluidized beds with a rapidity such that the hulls loosen or detach from the seeds and there is obtained a honogeneous heating of all of the soybeans. The heated-up soybeans may be directly conveyed into the second fludized bed where they are maintained in a heated condition and from which location they are infed in a heated state to a breaking or cracking mill where they are crushed or cracked and then to a flaking device for the subsequent flaking thereof. It is also possible to undertake along the conveying path from the first fluidized bed to the second fluidized bed a mechanical dehulling operation at the soybeans where the hulls are separated from the seeds and the seed portions are delivered into the second fluidized bed.

Abstract: In a particularly simple construction a twin-wire papermaking machine possesses a reduced number of rolls as well as a compact arrangement. The foregoing and the greatest possible velocity of a through-passed paper web can be obtained by employing non-suction rolls, instead of suction rolls, in a pressing section of such papermaking machine, by upwardly entraining the paper web conjointly with a top or upper wire of a twin wire arrangement and by transferring the paper web to a pressing roll having a smooth surface, and furthermore, by providing at the pressing roll an extended or wide-nip supporting shoe by means of which the paper web is dewatered in an extended pressing nip zone. Advantageously, the dewatered paper web is taken off from the surface of the pressing roll in a downward direction and fed to a drying section of the papermaking machine. The drying section may be arranged below the pressing section and directly adjacent the bottom or lower wire of the twin wire arrangement.

Abstract: In a wet press for dewatering a web of material, for instance a paper web, a contact pressure device is provided which presses against a rotating roll and exerts an incrementally increasing pressure in the direction of travel of the paper web. The contact pressure device comprises only a single pressure element arranged in the direction of travel of the paper web. The pressure element has two or more pressure pockets arranged sequentially in the direction of web travel and which are connected with a common pressure chamber by conduits. The increasing contact pressure is attained by arranging the pressure element unsymmetrically in relation to the pressure chamber. The effective pressure cross-sectional areas of pressure pockets arranged sequentially in the direction of web travel can additionally be reduced in the direction of web travel or the cross-sections of the associated bores can be increased.