Abstract: A process for extruding a metal billet, in particular a light metal billet in an extrusion container, into the form of a hollow section through a shape-giving orifice in a die having a mandrel which determines the inner contour of the hollow section, and a device with stem for extruding should be designed such that it is possible to produce flanged tubes with integral flange in one piece. This object is achieved by way of the invention in that in the extrusion of the hollow section an integral flange is produced, preferably at the end of the extrusion stroke. In the extrusion press suitable for this purpose a shaping recess is provided, with respect to the extrusion direction, immediately before the orifice of the die, the radial dimension of which is greater than the width of the die orifice. As such it should be possible to separate the die radial to the extrusion direction into at least two parts.

Abstract: A furnace for preheating and homogenizing aluminum ingots prior to hot rolling same wherein the heating efficiency is improved thus reducing the time required to heat the ingots to the homogenizing temperature. The furnace comprises an elongated housing having a ceiling, a floor and a pair of side walls extending from the floor to the ceiling for defining a chamber which is divided into an upper fan section and a lower ingot heating section. A plurality of fans are disposed in the upper fan section for circulating hot gases to the ingot heating section of the chamber. Baffles are associated with the side walls of the furnace for directing the hot gases toward the lower portion of the ingot heating section so as to cause the hot gases to flow between the ingots to be heated so as to contact the entire side wall surfaces thereof improving heating efficiency.

Abstract: In a caterpillar track type mold having opposed moving mold belts wherein molten metal is fed to the mold by a nozzle, a process for preventing back flow of metal between the moving mold belts and the nozzle comprising feeding a fluxing powder between the nozzle and the moving mold belts wherein the fluxing powder forms a protective skin on the surface of the molten metal downstream of the nozzle.

Abstract: Wear resistant coatings of highly alloyed filler metal are deposited on base materials of carbon and manganese bearing ferrous alloys and this, depending on the carbon and manganese content of the base material with or without buffer layer, employing low current levels such that the quotient current level/diameter of filler metal wire lies between 70 and 80 and the corresponding quotient for the buffer layer between 120 and 160.Selected as filler metal are alloys containing 3.0-4.5% Si, 1.5-2.0% Mn, and C.gtoreq.5%; preferred is the composition 5.5% C, 12.5% Cr, 2.0% Mn, 4.0% Si, 8.0% Mo, 8.0% Nb, 2.0% W, 1.0% V, 57.0% Fe.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy containing 0.15-0.50% Si, 0.3-0.8%, Fe, 0.05-0.25% Cu, 0.5-1.0% Mn, 2.5-3.5% Mg and up to 0.20% Ti is cast as a 5-10 mm thick strip using a roll-type strip casting machine, and cold rolled to a final thickness of 0.20-0.40 mm. The strip is suitable for manufacture into can lids having high strength and formability requirements.

Abstract: A process for feeding metal to molten metal, in particular for the purpose of melting solid metal such as scrap metal or dross granules, is such that at least part of the melt is divided and each divided part set into motion rotating in opposite directions so that at least two rotating streams or "rolls" of molten metal are produced. The central axes of these rotating streams of molten metal form an angle. The metal to be melted is charged at the place where the two "rolls" of molten metal meet. The "rolls" of molten metal are produced by introducing the molten metal into a pair of pipe lengths approximately perpendicular to their central axes and approximately tangential to the cross section of the said pipe lengths, the central axes forming an angle, or by causing the molten metal in the pipe lengths to rotate by means of electrodynamic forces.

Abstract: A device for unloading a container used for bulk materials is such that a container floor is made up at least in part of flaps which can be tilted or swung out away from the interior. To this end at least two flaps are connected via a ridging beam or axle which runs through the interior of the container above a rotatable shaft. The rotational movement of the shaft is transmitted to the flaps to actuate same. The shaft features on opposite sides and transverse to its longitudinal axis first and second flange pairs, the former accommodating an elbow lever with the help of a push-fit bolt, and the latter a lever with the help of a bolt. The elbow lever and the lever are hinged to the flaps respectively. Further, connected to the flaps is a lock which joins up via bolts with the elbow lever or the lever, and in the closed position engages on a latching device.

Abstract: An arrangement of stiffening elements, in particular for a railway goods car with a longitudinal beam on both sides of a trough under a base plate which supports sidewalls connected by a lower truss and end walls of a car superstructure with upper truss, the interior (J) of the car superstructure featuring a plurality of cross-ties. Said arrangement is such that a cross beam is connected to an end face of the trough and to the base plate, the longitudinal beam meeting said cross beam and forming an abutting surface with it. Resting on the cross beam are two lengths of hollow sections which project a length (i) into the lower truss. The trough features a floor and an additional floor which are joined by strips of material in a corrugated manner. The cross-ties are tubular shaped and feature towards their ends squashed regions which are accommodated in pairs of fish-plates to which the said cross-ties are releasably attached by suitable facilities.

Abstract: A device for casting metal strip is such that molten metal is fed via a nozzle into a gap between two rolls of a roll type continuous casting unit. The nozzle (4) is mounted on a nozzle beam (6) which is in turn mounted on a slide (34), the latter (34) being moveable in direction (x) by means of a power drive (37). Provided on both sides of the slide (34) are handwheels (40) which permit movement of the slide also at an angle to direction (x). The nozzle beam (6) is moveably mounted on a supporting section (7) which is connected to the slide (34) via a frame (33), the height of which frame (33) being adjustable via a ratchet type facility (41) or the like with suitable gearing and linkage facilities.

Abstract: A freight container for air transport comprising a support frame structure disposed on a base plate and cladding means which at least partially clad the frame structure, wherein the side walls of the freight container are each delimited upwardly by a respective top member and both top members project beyond a common edge of the base plate and are respectively connected thereto by at least two members, is to be of such a configuration that, while providing a substantial reduction in weight, the stability of the structure is increased, while in addition permitting more advantageous storage and ease of assembly.For that purpose, it is proposed that the side wall has a support frame comprising a vertical side member, the top member adjoining same and a member which is inclined outwardly from the base plate at an angle and which is attached to a projecting end of the overhanging top member.

Abstract: Carbon anode blocks for use in the fused salt electrolytic process for producing aluminum, are attached to the studs or spades of an anode suspension means by an adhesive mass which is mechanically strong and a good electrical conductor at least at temperatures between 900.degree. and 1000.degree. C. The studs or spades are preheated to 30.degree.-60.degree. C. and/or the anode blocks at least in the region of the holes for the said studs or spades to 25.degree.-40.degree. C. At the latest 60 seconds after inserting the anode suspension means i.e. after immersion of the studs or spades in the cold-poured adhesive mass, the adhesive mass exceeds a temperature of 25.degree. C. The lowering of the studs or the spades is achieved in the shortest possible time by vibrating the anode blocks and/or the anode suspension means. The stabilizing of this arrangement, at least until the adhesive mix has partly hardened, is achieved preferably by spiking or wedging.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for manufacturing coarse, crystalline alumina which, after preparation in a generally known manner, is suitable for use as grinding, lapping and polishing materials. The process comprises the calcining of alumina from dry absorption scrubbing units employed in connection with fused salt reduction cells producing aluminum.

Abstract: The cooling of a continuously cast ingot as it emerges from the mold, during casting, is carried out by applying coolant directly to the ingot around its circumference. In order to reduce the extent of doming, which occurs to the ingot base when cooling is too strong, the coolant is applied, at least at the start of the drop, to zones via streams of coolant. The process can be realized in practice particularly simply with an electromagnetic continuous casting mold which has a cooling device featuring a nozzle, with a ring shaped opening for liquid coolant, directed at the surface of the ingot. A deflecting sheet with turret shaped tongues separated by openings is provided projecting into the path of the coolant emerging from the ring shaped gap. The deflecting sheet is positioned parallel to the main ingot axis and can be moved parallel to that axis.

Abstract: A salt melt of alkali and/or alkali earth chlorides and fluorides, heated to 50.degree.-100.degree. C. above the melting point is employed to purify heavily contaminated scrap aluminum. The scrap aluminum, preheated to 400.degree.-500.degree. C. is added to a melting or holding furnace containing the less dense salt melt, the mixture stirred if necessary and then held at the above mentioned melt temperature for at least one hour. First the sedimented metal phase, then the salt melt are filtered through a resistant open pore ceramic filter and thus freed of solid impurities. The aluminum is transferred to an electrolytic cell for purification, and the molten salt melt recycled.

Abstract: A device for manufacturing metal strips by the roll casting process and having at least two rolls mounted in bearings in supporting frames is such that the supporting frames (5a and 5b) are connected by pre-tensioning facilities (E) each of which comprises a hydraulically or pneumatically powered cylinder-piston system. The said pre-tensioning facilities are mounted at one end on a pedestal base (10) running under the frame (5b) and at the other end on a cross beam (15) extending over the other supporting frame (5a).

Abstract: The operation of an open ring-type baking furnace for the production of shaped carbonaceous bodies and having at least partly grouped fire shafts is such that during the fire reversal phase the negative pressure is regulated in each fire shaft in the transverse walls near the fire reversal units. This regulation takes place, depending on the position of the pre-heating zone, at the transverse wall on the suction unit side or on the baking side of the furnace. In particular in combination with process control means the process leads to a uniform product quality independent of the position of the said body in the furnace.

Abstract: A center sill for accommodating coupling facilities on a railcar comprises two substantially Z-shaped hollow sections each having an upper section strip and a lower section strip joined by a connecting member. The Z-shaped hollow sections are arranged mirror image to each other and joined at the upper section strips. Each hollow section part features a connecting member having a pair of sidewalls joining the upper and lower strips and hollow chambers formed by transverse struts running between the sidewalls. To improve its rigidity, fatigue and tensile strength and to make assembly of the sill easier, the hollow section is cut away close to one end of the railcar and a reinforcing tubular shaped part is inserted into this recess. The cut runs preferably along the lower side of the transverse strut next to upper section strip, along the upper side of the lower section strip, and between these cuts approximately perpendicular across the chambers.

Abstract: A device for indirect extrusion of a hollow section from a billet, in particular a hollow aluminum billet, which is presented to a shape-giving orifice of a die, which is such that a container can be passed over it, thus enclosing the die, and features in its orifice a mandrel that determines the inner contour of the hollow section. A shaping recess is provided, with respect to the extrusion direction x, immediately in front of the shape-giving orifice of the die, the radial dimension of which recess is greater than the width of the shape-giving orifice. The shaping recess is provided either in the face of the die directed towards the extrusion stem or in the face of the extrusion stem directed towards face of the die.

Abstract: An exchangeable separator is horizontally located within a three-layer refining cell for the electrolytic purification of aluminum. This separator is freely movable in the vertical direction within a movement space (h) defined by a refractory frame. The porosity of the separator is at least 30%, preferably at least 50%, so that the electrolyte and metal can pass through the separator without any significant additional loss of potential.In industrial refining cells, the separator appropriately has a thickness of 0.5 to 2 cm and a disc-shaped design, the vertical movement space (h) being 0.5 to 1 cm. The level changes produced during the operation of the cell can be compensated for in this free movement space.

Abstract: Manufacture of a light metal shock absorber by impact extrusion of the light metal of a steel-light metal composite blank, wherein the metallic bonding of the composite blank is achieved by coextrusion. The steel component on the bottom face of the light metal shock absorber is provided with a steel ring which is welded or otherwise appropriately joined during or after impact extrusion. Also the light metal sleeve of the shock absorber can, after impact extrusion, be welded or otherwise appropriately joined to light metal.