Abstract: A continuous process for the crystallization of fructose from an aqueous fructose syrup containing at least 90% by weight fructose on a dry solids basis, in which the syrup at a total solids content of at least 95% by weight is rapidly and thoroughly mixed with seed, at a temperature of 55.degree.-75.degree. e.g for up to 2.5 minutes; is then deposited onto a surface where it is allowed to crystallize under quiescent conditions at a temperature of about 50.degree.-70.degree., until a solid cake is formed; and is the comminuted to provide a free-flowing granular product which can be further dried.The process provides a particulate product in the form of crystals in a glossy matrix, in which 95% of the crystals have a particle size of less than 20 microns, the overall degree of crystallinity is greater than 70%, the bulk density is less than 0.65 and which is completely free of organic solvent residues. Other food ingredients may be added simultaneously with the seed.

Abstract: A self-gridding flooring system and method for installing the same in which various disclosed embodiments of gridding members are used for contacting and spacing the panels from one another as they are installed, thereby eliminating the necessity of measuring and establishing a gridding in advance of the installation of the panels. The method and apparatus provides a way of assuring that the installed panels are sufficiently spaced apart that any one or more of the panels may be removed and replaced by any geometrically similar replacement panel or panels having the same nominal dimensions and the same tolerance ranges without interference between the replacement panels and the previously-installed panels contiguous thereto. The invention is suitable for use with panels having legs and panels not having legs, and further is suitable for panels having any overall configuration, including rectangular panels and triangular panels.

Abstract: The novel chlorinated sugar O-.alpha.-D-6-chloro-6-deoxygalactopyranosyl-(1.fwdarw.6)-.alpha.-D-4-chlo ro-4-deoxygalactopyranosyl-(1.fwdarw.2)-.beta.-D-1, 6-dichloro-1, 6-dideoxyfructofuranoside (TCR) can be used to prepare sucralose by incubating the TCR in solution in the presence of an enzyme serving to remove the 6-chloro-6-deoxygalactosyl moiety from the 6-position, especially an enzyme derived from a strain of Mortierella vinacea, Circinella muscae or Aspergillus niger. TCR is prepared by treating raffinose with thionyl chloride in the presence of triphenylphosphine oxide.

Abstract: Sucralose (4-chloro-4-deoxy-.alpha.-D-galactopyranosyl 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-.beta.-D-fructofuranoside) is thermally stabilized by co-crystallization with a nitrogenous base, for example niacinamide or an amino acid.

Abstract: A method of lining pipes comprises the steps of laying along the pipe (56) hoses (63) filled with constituent components of a settable resinous lining composition, axially slitting the hoses, conveying the constituent components to a mixing chamber (65), and centrifugally impelling the mixed lining composition against the wall of the pipe (56). A lining apparatus (50) for carrying out the method is advanced along the pipe (56) and comprises delivery tubes (62) with slitting blades (70) at their leading ends which are pushed through the holes (63) and which communicate with a mixing chamber (65) which, in turn, is open to a centrifugal impeller (57) of a lining machine. The slit and emptied hoses (63) may be left in situ in the pipe (56) or removed therefrom in advance of the lining apparatus (50). A trowelling arrangement using a thin-walled, flexible tube (112) of, for example, a cellulose polymer and a conical trowel (112) is employed to smooth the pipe lining.

Abstract: Solid fructose, typically with a bulk density of less than 0.65 g/ml and in the form of particles of agglomerated microcrystals of anhydrous fructose in which all the crystals have a maximum dimension of less than 50 microns, can be produced by dispersing a high Brix fructose syrup at very high shear in an alcoholic medium, the alcoholic medium being one in which fructose is 1 to 10 wt % soluble at the temperature at which the syrup is dispersed in the alcoholic medium.

Abstract: Isomaltulose is produced by a process in which at least the isomaltulose-forming enzyme system of an isomaltulose-forming micro-organism is immobilized and then the immobilized enzyme system is contacted with a sucrose solution to convert at least part of the sucrose to isomaltulose.

Abstract: Sugar (sucrose or glucose) is crystallized by passing a hot supersaturated syrup to a continuous screw extruder such that progressive nucleation of the syrup is induced during a mean residence time of below 25 seconds and then discharging the nucleated syrup onto a surface, e.g. a conveyor belt, to crystallise without agitation.

Abstract: A deep bed filter of the type comprising an upright vessel of particulate filter medium, inlet means at the top of the vessel for introduction of an aqueous stream to be filtered, outlet means at the bottom for removal of filtered liquid and means for backwashing the medium by an upward flow of liquid, has as the filter medium bone char and sand, the bone char being located substantially above the sand. The sand generally comprises a particulate mineral filter material selected from silica sand, fused alumina, garnet, zircon, ilmenite and glass.

Abstract: A process for preparing a fructoside, especially a fructosyl disaccharide, comprises reacting a fructosyl saccharide such as sucrose or raffinose with an alcohol or aldose in the presence of a fructosyl-transferase, especially one derived from B. subtilis NCIB 11811, 11872 or 11873. In particular, aldose is a compound of the formula ##STR1## in which A represents a hydrogen atom or the group CH.sub.2 X, where X represents a hydrogen atom or an alkoxy group, and the fructosyl disaccharide so formed is halogenated to provide a halosucrose or halogalactosucrose sweetener.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula: ##STR1## (in which X represents a hydrogen atom or an alkoxy or arylalkoxy group) are new compounds; those where X represents a hydrogen atom or a methoxy group are potent sweeteners while those with a cleavable 6-ether group are key intermediates in the preparation of 4,1',6'-trichloro-4,1',6'-trideoxygalactosucrose (TGS). They are prepared by chlorinating a sucrose 6-ether, by etherifying a suitably protected derivative of TGS or, in the case where X represents hydrogen, by debromination of 6-bromo-4,1',6'-trichloro-4,6,1',6'-tetradeoxygalactosucrose.

Abstract: Isomaltulose is of use as a whole or partial replacement for sucrose in products for human or animal consumption.

Abstract: Isomaltulose is of use for direct compression of tablets.

Abstract: The sweetness of an ingestible product containing a sweetening sugar or sugar alcohol in large quantities can be reduced by incorporating therein a sweetness-reducing amount of at least one compound of the general formula: ##STR1## in which m represents 0 or 1, and when m represents 0, n represents 1, 2 or 3, and p represents 1, 2, 3 or 4, and when m represents 1, n represents 1 or 2 and p represents 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; the substituents R, which may be the same or different, each represent a lower alkoxy group, e.g. with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, phenoxy group or a lower alkyl or trifluoromethyl group; and/or two substituents R together represent an aliphatic chain linked to the phenyl ring at two positions, either directly or via an oxa-group, e.g. an alkylenedioxy, alkenylenedioxy, alkylenoxy or alkenylenoxy group; and/or one substituent R represents a hydroxy group while at least one other substituent R represents an alkoxy group; and X.sup.+ represents a physiologically acceptable cation.

Abstract: A modular tile for an access floor panel system wherein the tile includes a mechanism for positively locating the tile on an access floor panel so as to be replaceable and removable without the use of indexing tools or fixtures through the tile's bottom surface or the panel's top surface and having a configuration which orients the tile to the access floor panel, the size of the tile being consistent and modular with each and every access floor panel in the access floor panel system.

Abstract: Apparatus has a closed, vented, damping chamber. A gas duct terminates in the damping chamber and air is bubbled through the gas duct. The pressure in the gas duct is read using a manometer, and indicates the distance below the water surface of the exit opening of the gas duct. The damping chamber is connected to the surrounding water by a water duct whose effective cross-sectional area is much less than that of the damping chamber.

Abstract: A fluid actuated switch including a fluid responsive vane pivotally mounted within a fluid directing channel is provided. The vane oscillates a movable electrical contact between two spaced stationary electrical contacts opening a first electrical circuit and enclosing a second electrical circuit as it moves from one stationary contact to the other. An adjustable holding assembly is associated with the vane for holding the movable switch contact into engagement with the stationary contacts such that a predetermined fluid force is required to move the vane opening one of the circuits and closing the other of the circuits.

Abstract: Synergized compositions contain a mixture of different sweetening agents, at least one of which is saccharin, stevioside, acesulpham K or other sweetening agent with an associated bitter taste, and at least another of which is a chlorodeoxysucrose, chlorodeoxygalactosucrose or other sweetening agent which is a chlorodeoxysugar.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula (I) are potent sweeteners, especially 4,1',6'-tribromo-4,1',6'-trideoxygalactosucrose: ##STR1## in which R' represents a chlorine or bromine atom;R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 respectively represent a hydroxy group and a hydrogen atom or a hydrogen atom and a chlorine or bromine atom;R.sup.4 represents a chlorine or bromine atom; at least one of R', R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 representing a bromine atom.

Abstract: An edge trim structure for an access floor panel which includes at least a first and second separate edge trim member wherein each of the first and second separate edge trim members includes a first and second edge trim leg member and at least one continuous, one-piece edge trim corner member interconnecting the first and second edge trim leg member of each edge trim member. A mechanism for attaching each of the edge trim members to the panel is utilized which may include an adhesive member and/or at least one securing member integrally projecting from each of the edge trim members and operably engaging the panel.