Abstract: The invention is a paint case.

Abstract: Enzyme-containing cells immobilized in an alginate gel are stabilized by contacting the gel with glycerol in a ratio of cellstoglycerol of 2:1 to 1:5. The enzyme-containing cells preferably convert sucrose to isomaltulose.

Abstract: 6-Chloro-6-deoxy-D-hexitols, a novel class of compounds, and their esters, possess male antifertility activity and are thus useful in antifertility compositions. They are prepared by reduction of 6-chloro-6-deoxy-D-hexoses.

Abstract: A method of sweetening a substance comprises incorporating therein a mono- or poly- chloro, mono- or poly- deoxy sucrose derivative having chlorine atoms in selected combinations of positions 4,6,1'- and 6'- of the sucrose molecule. The compounds are many times sweeter than sucrose and are formulated as ingestible products, such as foodstuffs and beverages; oral compositions, such as toothpaste and chewing gum; or sweetening compositions, such as tablets, for addition to beverages, etc.

Abstract: An immobilized enzyme product is produced by contacting an inert particulate support with an aqueous enzyme solution containing preferably at least 25% dissolved solids and with a water miscible organic solvent, and crosslinking the enzyme to insolubilize the enzyme on the support as a gel containing 50-90% water. The water miscible organic solvent is in substantial excess of the amount of water mixed with the support in the process. The solvent may be contacted with the support before or after contacting with the enzyme solution. The resultant immobilized enzyme product has a bulk volume 5 to 300% greater than the bulk volume of the support material. A least a portion of the gel is external to the support and constitutes at least 3% by volume of the immobilized enzyme product.

Abstract: A structural steel member and composite panel including the same and having a sheet of industrial steel having formed therein a pattern of dome-like projections, extending from the plane of the sheet, and of which at least the major portion of each projection is substantially circular in plan view and the projections are arranged in a geometric pattern that substantially limits the elongation of the material to the areas defined by the circular configurations, the dome-like projections also having formed in the peak areas thereof small truncated cones having a flattened uppermost planar surface, parallel to the original plane of said sheet, providing superior overall depth and increased resistance to crushing.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula (I) ##STR1## (wherein X represents a halogen atom; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 respectively represent a combination selected from the group consisting of: a hydroxy group and a hydrogen atom; a halogen atom and a hydrogen atom; and a hydrogen atom and a halogen atom; andR.sup.3 and R.sup.4, which may be the same or different, each represent a substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom and a hydroxy group;at least one of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 representing a halogen atom) are potent sweeteners obtainable by opening a corresponding 3',4'-lyxoepoxide with a source of halide ions.

Abstract: Surface irrigation apparatus comprises a carriage movable along an irrigation canal. A dam is supported by the carriage in such a way that water flowing along the canal is incident upon the dam and is checked thereby and the carriage is pushed along the canal in the direction of flow. The carriage is provided with means for arresting its movement at desired positions along the canal. Preferably, the arresting means comprises on the carriage one or more arms which are releaseably engageable with stops on the canal although the arresting means could take the form of one or more brakes operated in accordance with the position of the carriage. The carriage also has means, such as syphon tubes, for transferring water from the canal to land to be irrigated.

Abstract: Hydrolyzed corn or other starch is clarified by a process which comprises forming in the syrup at a pH of 3.5 to 6.5 a primary floc formed between aluminum ions, hydroxide ions, and phosphate ions; aerating the syrup containing the primary floc; distributing an anionic organic polymeric flocculant through the aerated syrup to initiate the formation of a secondary floc; allowing the secondary floc to grow, and to segregate by flotation; and separating flocculated solids from clarified syrup.

Abstract: A product comprising a mixture of .alpha.- and .beta.- forms of glucose as microcrystals, at least 70% of the glucose being in the form of the .beta.-isomer, dissolves readily in water to give approximately 60% solids solutions at ambient temperature. It is obtained by a process comprising the steps of(1) evaporating water from syrup at a pressure of less than 400 mm Hg to provide an at least 60% supersaturated solution of greater than 95% solids at a temperature of from 95.degree. to 140.degree. C.;(2) subjecting the supersaturated solution substantially instantaneously to a shear force to cause immediate nucleation of the syrup without cooling; and(3) immediately forming the nucleated but substantially uncrystallized syrup into a quiescent layer and allowing the layer to crystallize substantially isothermally to produce solid crystalline glucose.

Abstract: The S-enantiomer of 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol is prepared by reaction of a chlorodeoxy-D-saccharide having the partial structure. ##STR1## to cleave the glycol, reduce the aldehyde so formed to an alcohol, and hydrolyse the alcohol under mild acidic conditions.

Abstract: A polysaccharide processing useful flow and gel-forming properties is prepared by cultivation of Pseudomonas sp NCIB 11264 (ATCC 31260). The polysaccharide, which readily can be produced in up to 75% yield by continuous culture, possesses properties which are similar to those of xanthan and other gums.

Abstract: Hydroxyapatite suitable for incorporation as a synthetic bone ash in a "bone" china body is produced by continuously contacting a stream of a slurry of hydrated lime with a stream of at least about 60% by weight phosphoric acid at an approximately stoichiometric ratio of 10 Ca(OH).sub.2 to 6 H.sub.3 PO.sub.4 and a temperature of from about 80.degree. to about 85.degree. C. at a controlled reaction mixture of pH of from about 9.0 to about 11.0 and then calcining at a temperature of at least 1,000.degree. C.

Abstract: The solution viscosity of a polysaccharide, microbial alginate, produced by culturing strains of Azotobacter vinelandii, is controlled by addition of a protease to the culture broth. The protease can be added during the culture, to obtain a polysaccharide of increased viscosity. Alternatively or additionally protease can also be added after culture but before the polysaccharide is isolated from the broth, for example, to prevent reduction of viscosity during storage. Neutral and alkaline proteases having activity at around pH 7 are particularly suitable.

Abstract: A sweetening composition containing at least one sweetener selected from a protein sweetener and saccharin, together with arabinogalactan, the ratio by weight of arabinogalactan to saccharin not exceeding 1:1 when saccharin is used as the only sweetener possesses enhanced sweetening properties as compared with a composition containing no sweetness modifier; the sweetness profile is more rounded and unpleasant after-tastes are minimized.

Abstract: A male fertility-inhibiting composition in unit dosage form, contains as an active ingredient a 6-chlorodeoxy-saccharide containing a pyranose or furanose ring of the formula ##STR1## where A represents the remainder of the pyranose or furanose ring, and has the formula C.sub.4 H.sub.7 O.sub.4 X (where X represents a hydrogen atom or another pyranose or furanose ring) in association with a physiologically acceptable carrier or excipient. The saccharide preferably contains a pyranose ring or furanose ring of the formula ##STR2## Also a method of controlling fertility in men or male animals comprises administering thereto a 6-chlorodeoxy-saccharide as defined above.

Abstract: A structural member comprising a sheet of industrial material in which is formed a plurality of dome-like projections of which at least the major portion of the configuration thereof in plan view is circular and said projections being located in the plane of said sheet in a structurally strategic geometric pattern which repeatedly blocks straight lines of vision across said sheet through said pattern of projections in all directions to form a one-piece rigid structural member capable of resistance to flexure and the intermediate portion of the sheet between said projections comprising arcuate continuous structural stress-resisting sections extending between the opposite edges of said member. Variations in patterns of projections comprise different embodiments of said member and, when fabricated, said member lends itself to a variety of end uses. When in the form of a composite panel, a flat sheet of planar material is affixed to the upper ends of said projections.

Abstract: A novel cyclic acetal derivative of sucrose, 4,6-O-isopropylidenesucrose, is prepared by treating sucrose with 2,2-dimethoxypropane in N,N-dimethylformamide, in the presence of p-toluenesulphonic acid, suitably at room temperature. The product is conveniently isolated in the form of its hexa-acetate or hexabenzoate, by treatment with acetic anhydride or benzoyl chloride, respectively, in pyridine. The resulting compounds are valuable as synthetic intermediates and in conformational investigations.

Abstract: Polysaccharide is produced in high yields by continuous culture of a polysaccharide-producing strain of Azotobacter vinelandii under phosphate-limited conditions, preferably with restricted oxygen uptake.

Abstract: A sweetening composition comprising a protein sweetener together with at least one taste modifier comprising a sweetener selected from L-gulose, D-fucose, xylitol, D-arabitol, lactulose, glucoheptose, D(+)-galactose and its derivative D(+)-galactosamine or a salt thereof, and saccharin possesses enhanced sweetening properties as compared with a composition containing no sweetness modifier; the sweetness profile is more rounded and unpleasant after-tastes are minimized.