Abstract: A method includes forming a plurality of first semiconductor mesa structures at a first semiconductor substrate. The first semiconductor substrate has a first conductivity type. The method further includes forming a plurality of second semiconductor mesa structures at a second semiconductor substrate. The second semiconductor substrate has a second conductivity type. The method further includes providing a glass substrate between the first semiconductor substrate and the second semiconductor substrate. The method includes connecting the first semiconductor substrate to the second semiconductor substrate so that at least a portion of the glass substrate is located laterally between the first semiconductor mesa structures of the plurality of first semiconductor mesa structures and the second semiconductor mesa structures of the plurality of second semiconductor mesa structures.

Abstract: A radar sensor is described herein. In accordance with one example embodiment the radar sensor includes a transmitter for transmitting an RF signal and a receiver configured to receive a respective back-scattered signal from at least one radar target and to provide a corresponding digital radar signal. The radar sensor further includes a processor configured to convert the digital radar signal into the frequency do-main thus providing respective frequency domain data and to compress the frequency domain data. A communication interface is configured to transmit the compressed frequency domain data via a communication link operably coupled to the communication interface. Furthermore, respective and related radar methods and systems are described.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a processing circuit includes: a data acquisition circuit configured to acquire process data and measurement data of a processing arrangement, the process data including a plurality of process event data in accordance with a plurality of process events and the measurement data including a plurality of measurement event data in accordance with a plurality of measurement events; a data merging circuit configured to provide state information, the state information representing a status of the processing arrangement, and accuracy information representing an accuracy of the state information; wherein the data merging circuit is further configured to update the state information based on the acquired process event data, wherein the accuracy of the state information is decreased, and, independently from updating the state information, to downdate the state information based on the acquired measurement event data, wherein the accuracy of the state information is increased.

Abstract: A method of implanting an implant species into a substrate at different depths is described. The method includes forming an implant mask over the substrate. The implant mask includes a first implant zone designed as an opening and a second implant zone designed as a block array. The implant species is implanted through the implant mask under an implant angle tilted against a block plane, such that a first implant area is formed by the implant species at a first depth in the substrate beneath the first implant zone and a second implant area is formed by the implant species at a second depth in the substrate beneath the second implant zone. The first depth is greater than the second depth.

Abstract: A torque measurement system includes an outer rotational shaft and an inner rotational shaft both configured to rotate about a rotational axis. A rotation of the inner rotational shaft causes a rotation of the outer rotational shaft via a coupling structure. At least one torque applied to the inner rotational shaft is translated into a first torque-dependent angular shift between the shafts. A first metamaterial track is coupled to the outer rotational shaft and configured to co-rotate with the outer rotational shaft. A second metamaterial track is coupled to the inner rotational shaft and configured to co-rotate with the inner rotational shaft. The tracks are configured to convert an electro-magnetic transmit signal into a first electro-magnetic receive signal based on the first torque-dependent angular shift and a receiver is configured to receive the electro-magnetic receive signal and measure the at least one torque based on the electro-magnetic receive signal.

Abstract: A gas sensing device includes chemo-resistive gas sensors; heating elements for heating each of the gas sensors; an information extraction block for receiving signal samples and for generating representations for the received signal samples; and a decision making block configured for receiving the representations, wherein the decision making block comprises a weighting block and a trained model based algorithm stage, wherein the weighting block receives feature samples of the representations and applies time-variant weighting functions to the feature samples of the respective representation in order to calculate a weighted representation including weighted feature samples.

Abstract: A method for the use in a radar system is described herein. In accordance with one embodiment, the method includes providing a local oscillator signal to an RF output channel of a radar system. The RF output channel is configured to generate, in an enabled state, an RF output signal based on the local oscillator signal. The method further includes determining a first measurement signal based on the local oscillator signal and a first representation of the RF output signal, while the RF output channel is disabled, and thus the first measurement signal represents crosstalk. Further, the method includes determining a second measurement signal based on the local oscillator signal and a second representation of the RF output signal while the RF output channel is enabled. A phase value associated with the RF output channel is determined based on the first measurement signal and the second measurement signal.

Abstract: A gas sensor having a heater, a receiver, and a space arranged between the heater and the receiver, is described, the heater being configured to generate a thermoacoustic sound wave propagating through the space by using a stimulation signal. The receiver is in this case configured to receive the thermoacoustic sound wave that has propagated through the space and to convert it into a reception signal that has a time-of-flight-dependent shift with respect to the stimulation signal and therefore information relating to the gas concentration in the space.

Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment, a method for monitoring a data converter configured to convert data using a calibration determined by a calibration data record includes calibrating the data converter in order to determine a corresponding multiplicity of time associated calibration data records at a multiplicity of different times; and determining a state of the data converter based on comparing at least one of the multiplicity of time associated calibration data records with a comparison data record.

Abstract: In some examples, a device for controlling a transistor in a power converter system includes a first circuit configured to generate an error current based on a difference between a reference signal and a feedback signal, where the feedback signal depends on an output voltage of the power converter system. The device also includes a frequency generator configured to generate an activation signal based on the difference between the reference signal and the feedback signal. The device further includes a pedestal circuit configured to define a peak current threshold for the transistor based on an offset value. The device also includes a logic circuit configured to activate the transistor based on the activation signal and deactivate the transistor when a current sense signal reaches the defined peak current threshold, where the current sense signal is representative of a power current conducted by the transistor.

Abstract: A torque converter, including: a cover arranged to receive torque; an impeller; a turbine; a stator; and a lock-up clutch including a piston plate, a first plate, a second plate axially disposed between the cover and the first plate, and a rivet non-rotatably connecting the first plate to the second plate, the rivet being a component distinct from the first plate and the second plate. The cover and the piston plate define at least a portion of a first pressure chamber. The first plate and the second plate define at least a portion of a second pressure chamber. The first pressure chamber and the second pressure chamber are arranged to receive and expel a fluid to axially displace the piston plate to open and close the lock-up clutch.

Abstract: A pumping system for fracking fluid is designed to provide nearly constant flow rate. The pumping system includes a set of linear actuator pumping units, each driven by at least one electric motor. Each pumping unit includes a hollow threaded shaft driven by the linear actuator, two hollow cylinders fixed to an interior of the hollow shaft, and hollow pistons in each of the hollow cylinders. The hollow cylinders and hollow pistons form two pumping chambers. A first pumping chamber expels fluid when the linear actuator is moving in a first direction and a second pumping chamber that expels fluid when the linear actuator is moving in an opposite direction. The speeds of the actuators are coordinated such that a total flow rate of the pumping system is substantially constant.

Abstract: A starter-generator module for a vehicle includes a bulkhead wall, a module housing fixed to the bulkhead wall, an e-motor stator fixed to the module housing, an e-motor rotor disposed radially inside of the e-motor stator, and a power electronics unit fixed to the module housing. The module housing has a first opening and the power electronics unit covers the first opening. The e-motor rotor has a rotor carrier arranged for fixing to a crankshaft of the internal combustion engine. In an example embodiment, the rotor carrier includes holes arranged for receiving respective fasteners for fixing the rotor carrier to an engine crankshaft, and a bolt circle diameter of the holes is less than an inside diameter of the first opening. In an example embodiment, the rotor carrier is fixed to a crankshaft by a bolt, and the first opening is arranged for receiving a tool to secure the bolt.

Abstract: A wheelset bearing for a rail vehicle includes a rolling bearing assembly (7) with three bearing rings (4, 8, 9), specifically two inner rings (4, 8) provided for connection to a wheelset shaft (2) and one outer ring (9) provided for connection to a housing (6). The rolling bearing assembly (7) is designed as a quadruple-row angular contact ball bearing in an O arrangement, and two rolling element rows (16, 17) are provided contacting a first inner ring (4) in order to absorb axial forces in a first direction and two rolling element rows (18, 19) are provided contacting a second inner ring (8) in order to absorb forces in the opposite axial direction. A rail vehicle with such an arrangement is also provided.

Abstract: Semiconductor packages and methods for manufacturing are disclosed. In one example, a method for manufacturing a semiconductor package includes providing an electrically conductive chip carrier including a mounting surface and a protrusion extending out of the mounting surface. At least one semiconductor chip is arranged on the mounting surface. The method further includes encapsulating the protrusion and the at least one semiconductor chip in an encapsulation material, wherein surfaces of the protrusion and the at least one semiconductor chip facing away from the mounting surface remain uncovered by the encapsulation material. An electrical redistribution layer is formed over the surfaces of the protrusion and the at least one semiconductor chip facing away from the mounting surface. The electrical redistribution layer provides an electrical connection between the protrusion and the at least one semiconductor chip.

Abstract: A drive unit (100) is provided with a first electric machine (110), a second electric machine (120), a first shaft (130) and an output shaft (140). A rotor (111) of the first electric machine (110) is rotationally fixed to the first shaft (130), and a rotor (121) of the second electric machine (120) is rotationally fixed to the output shaft (140). The drive unit (100) also includes a separating clutch (150) and a connection element (230) for the rotationally fixed connecting of an internal combustion engine, and a first gear ratio step (142) is arranged between the connection element (230) and the shafts (130, 140) with a gear ration i<1. The drive unit (100) has an electro-mechanical parking lock unit (1) with which a rotational movement of the output of the first gear ratio step (142) can be blocked.

Abstract: A clutch assembly is disclosed. The clutch assembly generally includes an inner ring and an outer ring. In one aspect, a first one of the inner or outer ring includes a first plurality of engagement elements, and a second one of the inner or outer ring includes a second plurality of engagement elements that are configured to selectively engage with the first plurality of engagement elements. A cage is arranged between the inner ring and the outer ring. The cage defines pockets configured to selectively receive the second plurality of engagement elements. An actuator assembly is configured to selectively displace the cage to either rotationally connect or disconnect the two rings from each other based on a relative position of the cage.

Abstract: A method of forming a bearing cage is generally disclosed herein. The method includes (i) forming a bearing cage from either titanium or a titanium alloy; and (ii) applying a plasma-nitriding treatment to at least one surface of the bearing cage to form a compound layer of titanium nitride including TiN and Ti2N on an outer region of the at least one surface. Step (ii) further forms a diffusion zone adjacent to the outer region, in one aspect. A surface hardness of the bearing cage that is treated by the plasma-nitriding step is at least 1000 HV. The bearing cage is configured to be used in a turbofan, turboprop, or turboshaft engine or in a helicopter gearbox, in one aspect.

Abstract: A bearing assembly is disclosed herein. The bearing assembly includes an outer bearing ring including at least one first connection element. The assembly also includes a cap defining an axial portion and at least one radial portion defining a cavity configured to receive the outer bearing ring. The cap includes at least one second connection element configured to mate with the at least one first connection element. The cap is formed from an electrically insulating material to prevent EDM.

Abstract: A circuit includes an RF oscillator coupled in a phase-locked loop. The phase-locked loop is configured to receive a digital input signal, which is a sequence of digital words, and to generate a feedback signal for the RF oscillator based on the digital input signal. The circuit further includes a digital-to-analog conversion unit that includes a pre-processing stage configured to pre-process the sequence of digital words and a digital-to-analog-converter configured to convert the pre-processed sequence of digital words into the analog output signal. The circuit includes circuitry configured to combine the analog output signal and the feedback signal to generate a control signal for the RF oscillator. The pre-processing stage includes a word-length adaption unit configured to reduce the word-lengths of the digital words and a sigma-delta modulator coupled to the word-length adaption unit downstream thereof and configured to modulate the sequence of digital words having reduced word-lengths.