Abstract: A method is described for operating a relay arrangement having a magnetic circuit comprising two excitation core each arranged on a core, a yoke and an unstably mounted armature, two contact springs that can be operated by the unstably mounted armature, two make contacts, two changeover contacts and a common break contact. In the normal state of the relay arrangement, the two changeover contacts are connected to the common break contact and when the response threshold of the relay arrangement is reached one of the two changeover contacts is connected to the corresponding make contact. The magnetic circuit is excited electromagnetically in the normal state of the relay arrangement in order to generate a normal-state armature force that acts on the unstably mounted armature.

Abstract: An integrated circuit layout complete with a bus logic unit connected to a data bus. The data bus includes at least one activation line for an activation signal, making it possible--via the data bus--to activate the bus logic unit for data transmission. A controllable power supply unit is provided with a control input connected to the activation line and serves to feed an operating current to the bus logic unit. The operating current is reduced by the activation signal when the bus logic unit is deactivated.

Abstract: A switching device with a power FET for switching an inductive load to which a free-wheeling diode is connected in parallel, wherein the terminal of the series resistor facing away from the gate terminal is connected to a driver circuit which is so designed that it connects the specified terminal with a reverse potential in order to block the FET, wherein, at the beginning of the process of making the FET conductive, it connects the specified terminal with a high resistance to a control voltage source that puts the FET into the conductive state, in such a way that the current rise of the current flowing through the FET is slowed down to such an extent that, within a period of time in which the free-wheeling diode is not yet blocking after starting to make the FET conductive, an increase of the current to undesirable high values is prevented, so that damage to the power FET and the free-wheeling diode and/or other circuit elements and/or the occurrence of electromagnetic disturbances is reduced, and wherein, a

Abstract: A heterodyne receiver operating on the principle of synchronous modulation for time-signal reception where a first mixer is driven by the first phase-locking loop which is fed from a reference frequency source and a switchable precharging value. By means of switched frequency dividers and the precharging values, internationally different clock frequencies (JP: 40 kHz; USA/GB: 60 kHz; EU/D: 77.5 kHz) can be processed and converted to the intermediate frequencies. These are then synchronously demodulated by means of a second mixer which receives its signal from the second phase-locking loop that is driven through the intermediate frequency signal via the phase comparator, and also through the control signal of the phase-locking loop, so that only residual error adjustment need be performed.

Abstract: An ignition circuit output stage which is driven by one or several microprocessors. Up to now different modes of operation each required their own different ignition circuit output stage. The ignition circuit output stage according to the invention is programmable - that is, using one and the same output stage, different modes of operation can be selected such as, for example, the unregulated or output stage mode as well as the regulated and limited output current mode. The circuit essentially consists of a down converter which, when activated, will regulate and limit the discharge current. The down converter can be activated and deactivated by means of an appropriate signal. When the down converter is in its deactivated state, an unregulated discharge takes place; this is the output stage mode.

Abstract: A method for temperature compensation in measuring systems that are dependent on the operating temperature and whose temperature dependency is caused by temperature-sensitive components that can be operated electronically, or are linked thermally with a neighboring electronically driven component which is already required for the measuring system. In the method according to the invention, the temperature-sensitive component or a neighboring component are operated in such a way that temperature compensation can be performed without any further auxiliary means such as, for example, an additional heating device. Temperature compensation of this kind can then take place in three different ways. In the one method, the temperature coefficient determined and utilized; in a second method the temperature-sensitive components of the system are heated up to a fixed operating temperature, which is the basis for all measurements, and in a third method a temperature-independent operating point is determined.

Abstract: An arrangement and method for processing a signal field of sensor signals which originate from the individual sensor elements, for example photodetectors, of a plurality of sensor elements which are regularly spaced in an area and which are each surrounded by six adjacent sensor elements while forming a hexagonal structure. A differential amplifier compares a quantity representing the potential difference and a reference quantity forms a switching quantity (I.sub.Mo) on the output side. A switching comparator, on the input side, receives the switching quantity and, if this switching quantity exceeds the preselectable switching threshold, on the output side emits a switching pulse which causes the "off" switching condition. Four signal outputs 1, 2, 3, 4 as well as four signal inputs (I.sub.M1 I.sub.M2, I.sub.M3, I.sub.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement protects an FET power switch against damage from short circuits that may occur in the load connected between the drain terminal and an operating voltage source of the FET. The protection is achieved by the cooperation between a shunt resistor (3) connected between ground and the source terminal (S) of the FET and a gate voltage limiter (7) connected to the gate terminal of the FET. This cooperation limits the short circuit current through the FET until a short circuit detector (DT) provides a control signal that switches the FET off.

Abstract: A transmitting-receiving switch-over circuit arrangement for a transceiver includes a transmitter terminal (TX) and a receiver terminal (RX) connected by respective transmitting and receiving circuit sections to a circuit junction point (P) that is coupled to an antenna terminal (ANT). A controllable semiconductor switch (D1, D4, D6) is connected to the transmitting circuit section. A further controllable semiconductor switch (D2, D3, D5, D7) is connected to the receiving circuit section. Control signals are applied to the semiconductor switches so that at least the semiconductor switch connected to the receiving circuit section is controllable independently to assume any one of three stages, namely: fully passing the received RF-signal, fully blocking the received RF-signal, and attenuating the received RF-signal.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement for independently switching the induction coils of several d.c.-operated solenoid valves connected in parallel that, with a reduction of power loss, features a disconnection time which is independent of the voltage of the d.c. voltage source.

Abstract: A continuously variable transmission in a motor vehicle is regulated using a controller comprising a first control circuit as a speed controller for regulating the transmission input speed as the product calculated from the transmission output speed and the transmission ratio, complete with a summation element at the controller input as well as with a control element, and a second control circuit post-connected to the first control circuit as a speed gradient controller for regulating the time derivative of the transmission input speed, complete with a summation element at the controller input.

Abstract: A micromechanical acceleration sensor consists of a first semiconductor wafer and a second semiconductor wafer, where on the first semiconductor wafer first and second electrodes, are provided to create a variable capacitance and the second semiconductor wafer has a movable third electrode, and where on the first semiconductor wafer there is a microelectronic evaluation unit. The moveable electrode is a rocker suspended asymmetrically with regard to an axis of rotation such that each respective portion is of a different length and is opposite one of the first and second electrodes. A closed ring structure is disposed on the surface of the first semiconductor wafer.

Abstract: A light emitting diode for generating preferably green light with improved luminous efficiency. A number of epitaxial layers suitable for the light emission is arranged on a doped semiconductor substrate wafer of GaP. The surface of the epitaxial layers is completely frosted. The light emission from the interior is considerably improved by the frosting. A contact layer structure is placed on the frosted surface for contacting the light emitting diode. The contact layer consists of several partial layers and covers at least a part the frosted surface. There is also a contact layer at the rear of the light emitting diode.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of electrically conductive lead-throughs for metallized plastic housings. Elevations around the lead-through holes in the housing part are formed at the time of making the housing part (e.g. by injection molding). The entire surface of the housing part is then metallized and the metallization on the elevations around the lead-through holes is removed by mechanical processes that act in one plane and where the lower metallization areas remain unaffected on account of the difference in level. Finally, the metal pins are attached in the lead-through holes by soldering or glueing.

Abstract: A process for triggering a passive safety device for vehicle occupants inside a vehicle, in particular airbags, pretensioning systems, buckle switches, and roll-over bars, where--by means of electric sensors, an evaluation circuit evaluating the acceleration signals of these sensors, and triggering agents--the safety devices are triggered if the acceleration signals indicate a vehicle condition which may be potentially hazardous for the vehicle occupants. According to the invention, sensor signal characteristics will be generated from quantified sensor signals by means of an evaluation function; these sensor signal characteristics will then be differentiated and fed into an amount calculation function. The up-integrated values of these amounts will then be compared to a trigger threshold so that safety devices can be triggered, if necessary.

Abstract: A process for checking the air pressure in the tires of motor vehicle wheels wherein at least a pressure signal characteristic for the air pressure will be picked up as a measured signal by a measurement device located in or on the tire of each motor vehicle wheel, wherein at least.

Abstract: An integrated circuit arrangement with a diode characteristic including a source-drain section of a first transistor arranged in the current path between the input and output sides of the arrangement; a first inverter stage with an output fed back to its input, and whose supply voltage is provided by the voltage on the output side of the circuit arrangement; a second inverter stage to the input of which the output signal from the first inverter stage is fed and whose supply voltage is provided by the voltage on the input side of the circuit arrangement; and a third inverter stage having an input to which the output signal from the second inverter stage is fed, whose voltage supply is provided by the voltage on the output side of the circuit arrangement, and whose output signal is fed to the gate electrode of the first transistor, and thus regulates the current flow in the current path of the circuit arrangement.

Abstract: Arrangement for the protection of electrical and electronic components against electrostatic discharge, where a printed circuit board on which the components are mounted is physically connected to a metal plate via an insulating layer with the insulating layer having at least one conductor track of the printed circuit board opening over which at least one track is placed to form a first spark gap between the track and the metal plate and with the metal plate being connected to a fixed potential.

Abstract: A method is described for detecting the time messages in the faulty signal of a time-signal transmitter comprising the steps below. Probabilities are assigned to the received information/bits as they are received and whose sign specifies the value of the bit and whose numerical value indicates the certainty of reception. Except for the bits designating the minute information, the probabilities of successive time messages are totaled with time correctness in a one-dimensional memory field. From the totaled probabilities, a reduced time message is reconstructed that initially contains no information on the minutes. If the reconstructed time message does not change over two successive time intervals, and if preset minimum values for the number of probabilities are exceeded for all bits, then the reduced time message is recognized as being correct. The minutes are determined separately and added to the time message recognized as being correct.

Abstract: A method and an electronic circuit are for monitoring the operation of a circuit including a plurality of intermittently powered parallel load elements, such as the flasher lamps of a vehicle. The total load current is directed through a measuring shunt resistor, and the resulting voltage across the shunt is measured and evaluated. The measured voltage initially arising across the shunt is used as a basis to establish a first voltage level for a load failure control threshold. A second voltage level greater than the first voltage level is established as a short-circuit control threshold. Then, the voltage value arising across the shunt during operation of the circuit is compared to the load failure control threshold and the short-circuit control threshold, and a load failure or a short-circuit is detected dependent upon and responsive to the result of these comparisons.