Abstract: A method for operating a digital logic semiconductor component, wherein: the logic semiconductor component is operated in several operational modes at respective fixed clock cycles depending on environmental temperatures; each operational mode is allocated a respective clock cycle with, in each case, a different clock frequency; each operational mode is allocated a respective temperature-dependent limit value with, in each case, a different limit temperature which when reached causes a change of operational mode to occur; and, when changing to an operational mode with a higher limit temperature, the clock frequency is reduced, and when changing to an operational mode with a lower limit temperature, the clock frequency is increased.

Abstract: The invention relates to an opto-electronic component having a narrow aperture angle. The conventional design of components transmitting radiation or reacting to radiation and concentrating that radiation with the aid of lenses results, on account of the increasing distance between the lens and the semiconductor chip, in increasing component dimensions in the radiating or detecting direction with an increasingly narrow aperture angle. In accordance with the invention, a parabolic or approximately parabolic reflector is provided that is connected to a support strip supporting the semiconductor chip such that the latter is as close as possible to the focal point of the parabolic or approximately parabolic surface of the reflector. The reflector is preferably connected to the support strip by engaging elements and surrounded by a housing.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, two unsymmetrical differential amplifier stages are fed from a common signal source that supplies an AC voltage signal, but to which the two differential amplifier stages are connected with respect to the unsymmetry in opposite senses. The outputs of the two differential amplifier stages, however, are connected with respect to the unsymmetry in like sense and to an output circuit that provides the load resistances and whose output supplies the rectified a.c. voltage signal that also has an approximately quadratic characteristic.

Abstract: The invention relates to a restraint system for vehicle occupants with a gas cushion and a gas generator that fills the gas cushion and equipped with a solid-matter propellent charge as well as an electrically activated ignition device designed as a laser and provided in order to ignite the solid-matter propellent charge. To increase the functional reliability, the laser which is designed as a semiconductor laser is situated in an ignition chamber of the generator whose beam is aimed or guided directly onto the gas-generating solid-matter propellent charge at the time of ignition.

Abstract: Acceleration sensors in a vehicular safety system with at least two acceleration sensors are stimulated by an electrical or sound excitation so that one of the sensors functions as a body sound transmitter, while the other(s) receive(s) these signals and vice versa. The performance which includes a calibration check, and the coupling to the housing structure are evaluated through a signal processing circuit. The safety system including its output trigger stage, remains switched-on during testing.

Abstract: According to the invention, a circuit arrangement includes at least two bipolar transistors, each having a base electrode, an emitter electrode and a collector electrode. The two transistors are connected together at their base electrodes and the base electrodes are connected to an auxiliary voltage. The collector electrodes are arranged to be first and second outputs of the circuit arrangement. An emitter resistor is connected to the emitter electrode of each transistor. Each emitter resistor is a pinch resistor having a gate electrode for controlling a resistance value of the respective emitter resistor. The gate electrodes of the respective pinch resistors are configured to be first and second inputs of the circuit arrangement.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for operating a contactless and batteryless chip card. The chip card is supplied with energy via an alternating field by a write/read unit. The bidirectional data transfer is achieved by modulation of the energy-transmitting alternating field. The chip card includes, inter alia, an antenna coil for receiving the alternating field, an input circuit generating the supply voltage from the coil current, and a voltage detector for detecting blanking gaps in the alternating field. By the method in accordance with the invention the voltage detector compares the two voltages at the coil ends with one another and then supplies an output signal, provided both the voltages are substantially equal in size for longer than a predetermined period. Furthermore, a chip card is described that contains a voltage detector permitting operation according to the method described.

Abstract: A method for manufacture of radiation-emitting diodes includes manufacturing a layer sequence containing a radiation-generating pn-junction on a substrate wafer manufacturing contact layers for electrical connections on an upper face of the layer sequence and on an underside of the substrate wafer, etching trenches defining the size and shape of the area of individual pn-junctions of individual diodes being manufactured, providing a protective layer extending over the upper face contact layers and the etched trenches, subdividing the wafer having the layer sequence, the contact layers, and the protective layer thereon into individual diodes having lateral faces, after the subdividing, etching the lateral faces which are not provided with the protective layer to make the lateral faces into rough surfaces, and removing the protective layer following etching of the lateral faces.

Abstract: Manufacture of a semiconductor array of integrated silicon-germanium heterobipolar transistors having a silicon collector layer, a silicon-germanium base layer, a silicon emitter layer and a silicon emitter contact layer includes depositing in a single uninterrupted process and simultaneously doping the collector layer, the base layer, the emitter layer and the emitter contact layer. A base connection region is formed at the side of the base layer such that the intersection surfaces of the base/emitter/PN boundary layer and of the base/collector PN boundary layer with the surface of the semiconductor array are outside the silicon-germanium base layer. A silicon dioxide layer is formed by thermal oxidation over the entire exposed surface of the semiconductor array.

Abstract: The method in accordance with the invention is characterized by the steps of before an ion implantation, a dielectric diffusing layer array is formed on a substrate that has at least one oxide layer and is thick enough for the maximum of implanted ions to be inside the layer array; and post-diffusion is implemented such that no further oxidation of the substrate is possible. By these measures, it is achieved that within the semiconductor substrate the doping continually decreases towards the pn-junction, apart from a very narrow segregation area, the result being an electrical field that conducts substantially all charge carriers generated in the area between the surface of the substrate and the pn-junction to this pn-junction. This achieves a quantum efficiency in the short-wave range that is considerably greater than that achievable with conventional photodetectors.

Abstract: A radio transmission and reception apparatus having a transmitting section and a receiving section for bidirectional data transmission between two end units in the time-division multiplex mode. Prior art radio transmission and reception apparatuses are equipped with a transmitting section and a receiving section that have separate PLL circuits for signal modulation and demodulation. The resultant expense for relatively expensive components can be considerably reduced in radio transmission and reception apparatuses if only one PLL circuit is provided in accordance with the invention, to which both the transmitting section and the receiving section have alternating access.

Abstract: The invention relates to a semiconductor arrangement made of compound semiconductor material and consists in that the semiconductor body contains in areas and, in the case of phosphide compounds throughout its entirety or in areas, isoelectronic impurities made of an element whose covalent atom radius is larger than that of the element of the compound semiconductor, which the impurity material is isoelectronic.

Abstract: The invention relates to a contactless and batteryless chip card having an antenna coil, a transmission and reception stage which via an electromagnetic alternating field generated by a write/read unit on the one hand supplies the chip card with energy and on the other hand ensures bidirectional data transmission to the write/read unit. The chip card in accordance with the invention has a detector for determining the field strength of the electromagnetic alternating field transmitting energy to said chip card. The functions of the user part, which have a high energy requirement to implement them, are only implemented advantageously when the detector has detected a sufficient field strength. This prevents defective or incomplete implementation of energy-consuming functions of the chip card before they are begun. The field strength detector consists of a switch and load in parallel to the coil with the switch controlled by a control circuit to cause the switch to be on only during a measurement cycle.

Abstract: The invention relates to a MOS memory unit for serial information processing, in particular a shift register stage with an EEPROM cell having a floating gate transistor. According to the prior art, the gate electrodes of all floating gate transistors of a memory unit have the same potential. The result is that two programming cycles must be performed for complete programming, entailing a high current consumption. In accordance with the invention, the drain electrode of the floating gate transistor is connected via an inverter stage to its gate electrode. This halves the total programming time and hence also the total programming current in comparison with the prior art.

Abstract: A planar semiconductor device having a heavily doped channel stopper region of the first conductivity type and at least the following components: a Zener diode having the following regions, seen from an upper surface of the device, an upper diode region of the second conductivity type, a lightly doped first upper component region, of the first conductivity type, in which the upper diode region and the channel stopper region are formed at the upper surface, and a heavily doped lower component region of the first conductivity type; and a component having a second upper component region formed with the upper diode region in the first upper component region at the upper surface and having the same conductivity type as the upper diode region, the first upper component region, the lower component region, and a third upper component region of the first conductivity type and formed in the second upper component region at the upper surface of the device.

Abstract: An HF mixer stage having a common base circuit comprises an amplifier stage having two amplifier transistors, a switching stage with two transistor pairs each having two emitter-coupled switching transistors, and a switching circuit connected to the switching transistors; the switching transistors of a transistor pair are connected to the collector of the associated amplifier transistor, the bases of the switching transistors are subjected to a heterodyne signal. In accordance with the invention, the two amplifier transistors are of the opposite conductivity type, the emitters of the amplifier transistors are connected to the circuit input, and the two switching transistors of a transistor pair are of the same conductivity type as the associated amplifier transistors.

Abstract: The invention relates to an opto-electronic component having a narrow aperture angle. The conventional design of components transmitting radiation or reacting to radiation and concentrating that radiation with the aid of lenses results, on account of the increasing distance between the lens and the semiconductor chip, in increasing component dimensions in the radiating or detecting direction with an increasingly narrow aperture angle. In accordance with the invention, a parabolic or approximately parabolic reflector is provided that is connected to a support strip supporting the semiconductor chip such that the latter is as close as possible to the focal point of the parabolic or approximately parabolic surface of the reflector. The reflector is preferably connected to the support strip by engaging elements and surrounded by a housing.

Abstract: A trigger procedure for a restraint system for protection of the occupants in a vehicle, where short-time spectral analyses of at least one acceleration component of the vehicle structure are continuously implemented and at least one parameter characteristic for the deformation of the vehicle structure (trigger parameter) is calculated from several spectral components. The calculated trigger parameters are compared with one or more preset threshold values to make a decision on triggering of the restraint system.

Abstract: A method is described for determining the wheel speed during braking of a vehicle having in addition to at least one wheel with speed sensor at least one further wheel without speed sensor and means for determining the braking pressure. For this purpose, the braking operation is subdivided into several time intervals during which the relative value from the braking energy and the kinetic energy of the vehicle are obtained, and the contribution of the wheels without speed sensors to the braking energy is defined during a first time interval. Furthermore, the ratio of the relative value in this time interval to the relative values in further time intervals is formed, and the mean value for the wheel speed of all wheels without speed sensors is ascertained in the further time intervals from the ratio of the relative values.

Abstract: Acceleration sensors in a vehicular safety system with at least two acceleration sensors are stimulated by an electrical or sound excitation so that one of the sensors functions as a body sound transmitter, while the other(s) receive(s) these signals and vice versa. The performance which includes a calibration check, and the coupling to the housing structure are evaluated through a signal processing circuit. The safety system including its output trigger stage, remains switched-on during testing.