Abstract: Methods to produce thermoformed implants comprising poly-4-hydroxybutyrate homopolymer, copolymer, or blend thereof, including surgical meshes, have been developed. These thermoforms are preferably produced from porous substrates of poly-4-hydroxybutyrate homopolymer or copolymer thereof, such as surgical meshes, by vacuum membrane thermoforming. The porous thermoformed implant is formed by placing a porous substrate of poly-4-hydroxybutyrate homopolymer or copolymer thereof over a mold, covering the substrate and mold with a membrane, applying a vacuum to the membrane so that the membrane and substrate are drawn down on the mold and tension is applied to the substrate, and heating the substrate while it is under tension to form the thermoform.

Abstract: Methods to produce laminates including layers of constructs made from P4HB and copolymers thereof have been developed. These laminates may be used as medical implants, or further processed to make medical implants. The laminates are produced at a temperature equal to or greater than the softening points of the P4HB or copolymers thereof. The layers may include oriented forms of the constructs. Orientation can be preserved during lamination so that the laminate is also oriented, when the laminates are formed at temperatures less than the de-orientation temperatures of the layers. The laminate layers may include, for example, films, textiles, including woven, knitted, braided and non-woven textiles, foams, thermoforms, and fibers. The laminates preferably include one or more oriented P4HB films.

Abstract: Full contour absorbable implants for breast surgery redistribute breast volume between the breast's upper and lower poles in exact and desirable ratios. The implants preferably redistribute breast volume so that the upper pole breast volume is 20-40% of the total volume, and the lower pole breast volume is 60-80% of the total volume. The implants are also designed to provide specific curvatures to the poles of the breast, and to angulate the nipple areolar complex slightly skyward so that the patient's nipple is positioned at an angle above the nipple meridian reference line. The implants are designed to be transitory, with sufficient strength retention to allow transition from support of the breast by the implant to support by regenerated host tissue growing in and around the implants, without any significant loss of support during or subsequent to remodeling. The implants may optionally be used with permanent breast implants.

Abstract: Full contour absorbable implants for breast surgery redistribute breast volume between the breast's upper and lower poles in exact and desirable ratios. The implants preferably redistribute breast volume so that the upper pole breast volume is 20-40% of the total volume, and the lower pole breast volume is 60-80% of the total volume. The implants are also designed to provide specific curvatures to the poles of the breast, and to angulate the nipple areolar complex slightly skyward so that the patient's nipple is positioned at an angle above the nipple meridian reference line. The implants are designed to be transitory, with sufficient strength retention to allow transition from support of the breast by the implant to support by regenerated host tissue growing in and around the implants, without any significant loss of support during or subsequent to remodeling. The implants may optionally be used with permanent breast implants.

Abstract: Methods to produce thermoformed implants comprising poly-4-hydroxybutyrate homopolymer, copolymer, or blend thereof, including surgical meshes, have been developed. These thermoforms are preferably produced from porous substrates of poly-4-hydroxybutyrate homopolymer or copolymer thereof, such as surgical meshes, by vacuum membrane thermoforming. The porous thermoformed implant is formed by placing a porous substrate of poly-4-hydroxybutyrate homopolymer or copolymer thereof over a mold, covering the substrate and mold with a membrane, applying a vacuum to the membrane so that the membrane and substrate are drawn down on the mold and tension is applied to the substrate, and heating the substrate while it is under tension to form the thermoform.

Abstract: Full contour absorbable implants for breast surgery redistribute breast volume between the breast's upper and lower poles in exact and desirable ratios. The implants preferably redistribute breast volume so that the upper pole breast volume is 20-40% of the total volume, and the lower pole breast volume is 60-80% of the total volume. The implants are also designed to provide specific curvatures to the poles of the breast, and to angulate the nipple areolar complex slightly skyward so that the patient's nipple is positioned at an angle above the nipple meridian reference line. The implants are designed to be transitory, with sufficient strength retention to allow transition from support of the breast by the implant to support by regenerated host tissue growing in and around the implants, without any significant loss of support during or subsequent to remodeling. The implants may optionally be used with permanent breast implants.

Abstract: Methods to produce laminates including layers of constructs made from P4HB and copolymers thereof have been developed. These laminates may be used as medical implants, or further processed to make medical implants. The laminates are produced at a temperature equal to or greater than the softening points of the P4HB or copolymers thereof. The layers may include oriented forms of the constructs. Orientation can be preserved during lamination so that the laminate is also oriented, when the laminates are formed at temperatures less than the de-orientation temperatures of the layers. The laminate layers may include, for example, films, textiles, including woven, knitted, braided and non-woven textiles, foams, thermoforms, and fibers. The laminates preferably include one or more oriented P4HB films.

Abstract: Methods have been discovered that make it possible to continuously extrude tubes of P4HB and copolymers thereof. These methods allow tubes of P4HB and copolymers thereof to be produced without radial deformation of the tubes despite the slow crystallization of the polymer and copolymers. The methods can produce tubes of P4HB and copolymers thereof with tightly defined outside and inside diameters which are required for medical application. These tubes are produced by radial expansion at temperatures above the melting temperature of P4HB and copolymers thereof, and using low tube cooling temperatures and prolonged cooling times. The tubes made from P4HB and copolymers thereof are flexible, and can be prepared with high elongation to break values.

Abstract: Resorbable implants, coverings and receptacles comprising poly(butylene succinate) and copolymers thereof have been developed. The implants are preferably sterilized, and contain less than 20 endotoxin units per device as determined by the limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay, and are particularly suitable for use in procedures where prolonged strength retention is necessary, and can include one or more bioactive agents. The implants may be made from fibers and meshes of poly(butylene succinate) and copolymers thereof, or by 3d printing molding, pultrusion or other melt or solvent processing method. The implants, or the fibers preset therein, may be oriented. These coverings and receptacles may be used to hold, or partially/fully cover, devices such as pacemakers and neurostimulators. The coverings, receptacles and implants described herein, may be made from meshes, webs, lattices, non-wovens, films, fibers, foams, molded, pultruded, machined and 3D printed forms.

Abstract: Oriented resorbable implants made from poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (P4HB) and copolymers thereof, have been developed that contain one or more antimicrobial agents to prevent colonization of the implants, and reduce or prevent the occurrence of infection following implantation in a patient. These oriented implants are particularly suitable for use in procedures where prolonged strength retention is necessary and there is a risk of infection. Coverings and receptacles made from poly-4-hydroxybutyrate and copolymers thereof, containing antimicrobial agents, have also been developed for use with implantable devices to prevent colonization of these devices, and to reduce or prevent the occurrence of infection following implantation of these devices in a patient. These coverings and receptacles may be used to hold, or partially or fully cover, devices such as pacemakers and neurostimulators.

Abstract: Calendered surgical meshes comprising polyhydroxyalkanoate polymers have been developed. These meshes, preferably made from poly-4-hydroxybutyrate or copolymer thereof, have a thickness that is between 50 to 99% of the thickness of the mesh prior to calendering, and a burst strength that is not less than 20% of the burst strength of the mesh prior to calendering. The thinner calendered meshes are particularly suitable for surgical applications where a thinner profile mesh with high burst strength is required, and where it is advantageous to have a mesh with a smooth surface. The meshes may be partially or fully resorbable, and are particularly suitable for use in the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse.

Abstract: A mastopexy implant for maintaining the breast in an elevated and aesthetically pleasing position includes a lower pole support comprising end portions which may be affixed to the chest wall or to a previously installed upper suspension strut. The implant is loaded in an insertion device. The insertion device is inserted through a small incision and into a subcutaneous pocket created in an inferior half of the breast. The lower pole support may have various constructs and in one embodiment includes a unitary conformable mesh having a plurality of arm or band members which are attached across the breast parenchyma and to the chest wall.

Abstract: A mastopexy implant for maintaining the breast in an elevated and aesthetically pleasing position includes a lower pole support comprising end portions which may be affixed to the chest wall or to a previously installed upper suspension strut. The implant is loaded in an insertion device. The insertion device is inserted through a small incision and into a subcutaneous pocket created in an inferior half of the breast. The lower pole support may have various constructs and in one embodiment includes a unitary conformable mesh having a plurality of arm or band members which are attached across the breast parenchyma and to the chest wall.

Abstract: Absorbable implants for breast surgery that conform to the breast parenchyma and surrounding chest wall have been developed. These implants support newly lifted breast parenchyma, and/or a breast implant. The implants have mechanical properties sufficient to support a reconstructed breast, and allow the in-growth of tissue into the implant as it degrades. The implants have a strength retention profile allowing the support of the breast to be transitioned from the implant to regenerated host tissue, without significant loss of support. Three-dimensional implants for use in minimally invasive mastopexy/breast reconstruction procedures are also described, that confer shape to a patient's breast. These implants are self-reinforced, can be temporarily deformed, implanted in a suitably dissected tissue plane, and resume their preformed three-dimensional shape. The implants are preferably made from poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (P4HB) and copolymers thereof.