Abstract: A molten salt and process for preparing a molten salt or hydrogen peroxide uses ionic hydroquinones or hydroquinone derivatives as O2 reduction catalysts.

Abstract: The application discloses novel processes for the oligomerisation of unsaturated hydrocarbons, and more specifically the use of selected ionic liquids in the oligomerisation of unsaturated hydrocarbons, which allows for selection of the oligomers formed.

Abstract: A method of predicting the presence of a non-functional BRCA1 gene in a biological sample, comprises the step of assaying the sample for expression of at least one specific member of the S100 family of genes. The invention also describes a kit for predicting the presence of non-functional BRCA1, comprising means for assaying a sample for expression of at least one specific member of the S100 gene family. A method of detecting a genetic predisposition to cancer is also described, comprising the step of assaying a biological sample for expression of a specific member of the S100 family of genes. Also described is a method of determining a suitable chemotherapeutic agent for an individual.

Abstract: A freestanding frequency selective surface (FSS) is provided which comprises at least one shorted resonance aperture element (12). The shorted resonance aperture element provides a sensitivity to polarisation. The shorted resonance aperture element may comprise at least one short, which may enable the FSS to be freestanding. The invention further provides an FSS device comprising at least one array of the freestanding frequency selective surfaces, and a method of forming the freestanding frequency selective surfaces.

Abstract: A drug conjugate comprising a targeting agent and an anti-cancer agent, wherein said targeting agent comprises an erythropoietin receptor ligand, is described. The drug conjugate can be used in methods of treating cancer. Also described are methods of treating cancer using the conjugate, methods of diagnosis, methods of imaging and pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: Complex salts, based on ionic liquids, which exhibit at least one light emitting property selected from (a) fluorescence, (b) phosphorescence, and (c) electroluminescence when in the solid state; and which have a melting point below 250° C.

Abstract: A class E power amplifier circuit comprising an active device, a DC blocking element and an oscillating element, wherein the oscillating element is driven by a voltage signal.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for providing an amplified modulated radio frequency signal, the method comprising the steps of providing a radio frequency (RF) oscillatory signal, generating from the RF oscillatory signal and an input signal a pair of phase modulated phase conjugated signals, and summing the pair of signals to provide the desired modulated RF signal output. A form of the invention is applied to digital modulation using in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) input signals. Each of the I and Q signals is processed in a respective channel, with the channel outputs being summed. The channels share an RF oscillatory signal, which is phase shifted by 90 degrees within the Q channel.

Abstract: An antenna comprises a polarizer, a phasing network and a field radiating element such as a horn. The polarizer and phasing network generate a plurality of phase shifted circularly polarised waves which are superimposed to produce multiple antenna field patterns from a single antenna aperture.

Abstract: Described is a novel human deubiquitinating enzyme, DUB-3, (SEQ ID NO: 1), and variants and fragments thereof. Also described are nucleic acid molecules encoding the enzyme, and use of the polypeptide and nucleic acid molecules in treatment of cancer, assays.

Abstract: The invention relates to an oncofetal glycoprotein, referred to as MQ-1, nucleic acid sequences coding for the protein, and antibodies which bind specifically to the protein. Also described is a hybridoma capable of producing monoclonal antibodies which bind specifically to the protein of the invention. Methods, and kits, for diagnosing and treating cancer using the antibodies of the invention are also described. Anti-sense polynucleotides are also described, as are methods for inducing apoptosis in cells which express MQ-1.

Abstract: A flat-formed arch ring unit includes a linear array of voussoir portions connected along their upper edges. The unit is then archable. A method is provided for forming an archway including the steps of arching one or more the flat formed arch ring units and locating them between two or more foundation blocks or the like. This provides a simple yet effective process and unit for forming an archway. With ease of production, shaping and transportation, making new archways or carrying out repairs of existing bridge archways is significantly faster and cheaper, minimizing disruption and delay to traffic.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided the use of an organic ionic liquid in a zeolite-catalysed process, for example an acylation, alkylation, isomerisation or hydrocracking process in which zeolites act as catalysts or catalyst precursors, especially Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation procedures.

Abstract: A process for the oxidation of an alkyl-aromatic compound, wherein the aromatic compound is admixed with an oxidising agent or sulfur compound in the presence of an ionic liquid is described. In this process, air, dioxygen, peroxide, superoxide, any other form of active oxygen, nitrite, nitrate, nitric acid or other oxides (or oxyhalides) of nitrogen (hydrate or anhydrous) are preferably used as the oxidising agent. The process is usually under Bronsted acidic conditions. The product of the oxidation reaction is preferably a carboxylic acid or ketone or an intermediate compound in the oxidation such as an aldehyde, or alcohol. The oxidation is preferably performed in an ionic liquid containing an acid promoter such as methanesulfonic acid.

Abstract: A process for the halogenation of an aromatic compound wherein the aromatic compound is admixed with a halogenating agent in the presence of an ionic liquid is described. The method in preferably halide, sulfur or nitrate ionic liquids has significant advantages over conventional halogenation reactions. These are that the reaction starts with, e.g., a halide salt rather than, e.g., a halogen, and is therefore more convenient and safer. Also, when the reaction is performed in a nitrate ionic liquid, the only by-product is water.

Abstract: The invention relates to a drug delivery composition comprising an active ingredient and a biologically inert material wherein the biologically inert material is a nanocomposite material. Preferably the biologically inert material is a polymer-clay nanocomposite comprising up to about 40% by weight of nano-sized (1-1000 nm) clay particles dispersed in a polymeric material. The active ingredient may be dispersed in the nanocomposite material or absorbed thereto.

Abstract: A process for the sulfonation of an aromatic compound wherein the aromatic compound and sulfonating agent are admixed in the presence of an ionic liquid is described. The method for the sulfonation of aromatic compounds in (e.g. water stable) ionic liquids offers advantages over conventional sulfonation reactions. These are that no by-products form, the ionic liquid is not consumed, and the sulfonating agent (e.g. SO3) is relatively inexpensive.

Abstract: A metal bis-triflimide compound having the formula: [Mx]n+[(N(SO2CF3)2)(nx?yz)](nx?yz)?[Ly]z? where M is a metal selected from the metals in groups 5 to 10, 12 and 14 to 16 and Cu, Au, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Y, La, Ac, Hf, Rf, Ga, In, Tl, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu and the actinides; L is a negative or neutral ligand; n is 2,3,4,5,6,7 or 8; x is greater than or equal to 1 y is 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 or 8; and z is 0,1,2,3 or 4.

Abstract: A peptide factor, its analogs and methods of using such peptide factor derived from murine epidermal growth factor peptide is disclosed wherein the peptide factor is modified to protect it from proteolytic degradation and the peptide binds to laminin receptors.

Abstract: The disclosure herein relates to imidazole carbenes and imidazole carbene salts. The disclosure also relates to the synthesis of imidazole carbenes and imidazole carbene salts. The imidazole carbenes disclosed include those synthesized by reacting an imidazole halide with a base under reduced pressure. The imidazole carbene salts disclosed include those synthesized by reaction of imidazole carbenes with an acid or alcohol suitable for creation of a salt. The disclosure also relates to the use of imidazole carbenes and imidazole carbene salts for the synthesis of organic liquids.