Abstract: A fetal blood pulse oximetry method and apparatus using a first wavelength of light at about 655 to 705 nm and a second wavelength of light at about 820 to 900 nm. Measurements are taken through a mother's abdomen. Processing is performed to extract absorption information related to fetal arterial blood with calculation of fetal oxygen saturation from the extracted data.

Abstract: Primary receptors and co-receptors for adeno-associated virus (AAV) attachment to and infection of target cells are described. Such receptors can be used to facilitate AAV attachment to and infection of cells, e.g., for gene therapy. Methods for purification and/or concentration of AAV are also described. Methods of facilitating or enhancing AAV infection of a cell are also provided. Also described are methods of inhibiting or preventing infection of AAV into a cell. Cell samples may be screened for permissiveness for AAV attachment and infection by detecting the presence or abundance of cellular receptors that mediate attachment and/or infection of AAV into the cell. Formulations and kits for mediating AAV attachment to, and infection of, cells are also provided herein.