Abstract: A self-assembled carbon structure such as a carbon opal is disclosed herein. The structure is composed of hydrophilic carbon spheres oriented in a periodic colloidal crystal structure, wherein the carbon spheres have a porous surface, wherein the carbons spheres have an average particle diameter less than 3000 nm. Also disclosed is an inverse opal structure that includes a plurality of voids in the structural material. The voids are regularly arranged in an ordered periodic structure, the voids having a spherical shape. The inverse opal structure has a specific surface area greater than 100 m2/g and method for making the same together with materials that employ the same.

Abstract: A multinozzle deposition system for direct write applications comprises a body including a first network of microchannels embedded therein, where the first network of microchannels extends from a parent microchannel through a series of furcations to a plurality of branching microchannels. The series consists of k generations with furcation number m where the kth generation includes mk branching microchannels. A first end of the body includes a single inlet to the parent microchannel and a second end of the body includes mk outlets from the branching microchannels, where k is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and m is an integer greater than or equal to 2. The body comprises a material having a sufficient rigidity to sustain a pressure in the microchannels of about 690 kPa or greater without distortion.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are layered Heusler alloys. The layered Heusler alloys can comprise a first layer comprising a first Heusler alloy with a face-centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure and a second layer comprising a second Heusler alloy with a fcc crystal structure, the second Heusler alloy being different than the first Heusler alloy, wherein the first layer and the second layer are layered along a layering direction, the layering direction being the [110] or [111] direction of the fcc crystal structure, thereby forming the layered Heusler alloy.

Abstract: The invention provides a propionate inulin ester for the reduction of appetite, food intake and/or calorie intake and/or to improve insulin sensitivity in a subject, and for the treatment or prevention of obesity or diabetes. The invention also provides compositions comprising a propionate inulin ester, methods using propionate inulin esters, functional food containing propionate inulin ester and methods of making propionate inulin esters.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for identifying a compound having cell-protective (e.g., neuroprotective) activity. Compounds identified therefrom are also provided. These compounds can be used to treat various diseases, disorders, or conditions associated with, for example, unwanted cell death.

Abstract: In one aspect, compositions are described herein. In some embodiments, a composition comprises a polymer or oligomer formed from one or more polycarboxylic acids, one or more alcohols, and one or more catechol-containing species. In another aspect, methods of making a composition are described herein. In some embodiments, a method of making a composition comprises providing a polycarboxylic acid; providing an alcohol; combining the polycarboxylic acid with the alcohol; adding a catechol-containing species to the combination of the polycarboxylic acid and the alcohol; and forming a polymer or oligomer from the polycarboxylic acid, the alcohol, and the catechol-containing species. In some embodiments, the catechol-containing species comprises an amine moiety, a carboxylic acid moiety, or a hydroxyl moiety that is not part of the catechol group.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions featuring chitosan and methods for using such compositions for the local delivery of biologically active agents to an open fracture, complex wound or other site of infection. Advantageously, the degradation and drug elution profiles of the chitosan compositions can be tailored to the needs of particular patients at the point of care (e.g., in a surgical suite, clinic, physician's office, or other clinical setting).

Abstract: Lipid particles containing a nucleic acid, devices and methods for making the lipid particles, and methods for using the lipid particles.

Abstract: A metamaterial device exploiting parity-time symmetry to achieve ideal loss compensation. The metamaterial device includes metamaterials and metasurfaces that are engineered to respect space-time inversion symmetry, i.e., that are invariant after taking their mirror image and running time backwards. One such metamaterial device utilizes two resonators with loss and gain that exactly compensate each other thereby causing the metamaterial device to be invisible when excited from one side of the metamaterial device and reflective when excited from the other side of the metamaterial device. Furthermore, a metamaterial device may include an object covered by a portion of a metasurface with loss and another portion of the metasurface with gain, where the loss and gain exactly compensate each other. The first portion of the metasurface absorbs all of an incident wave, whereas, the second portion of the metasurface re-emits the incident wave.

Abstract: This invention provides compound having a structure of Formulas: Furthermore, methods and uses of such compounds for covalently bonding to a sugar acceptor, to form modified protein therapeutics having reduced enzymatic hydrolysis, improved biological stability or an improved pharmacokinetic property.

Abstract: Methods for diagnosing and treating conditions associated with life-threatening neurological complications are provided. The methods involve in some aspects the identification of oxLDL and LOX-1 as critical players in pregnant subjects and in some cases subjects having severe preeclampsia (early onset preeclampsia). Related products and kits are also provided.

Abstract: Perovskite hybrid solar cells utilize a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) active layer that is formed as a composite of an organometal halide perovskite and a water soluble fullerene, such as A10C60. In alternative embodiments, the BHJ active layer may be formed as a composite of an organometal halide perovskite material and a fullerene, such as PC61BM. Thus, the fullerene acts as an electron extraction acceptor within the BHJ, allowing such solar cells to more efficiently transport the electrons from the fullerene/perovskite interface to a fullerene-based electron transport layer (ETL). As a result, increased fill factor (FF), as well as improvements in the short-circuit current density (JSC) and power conversion efficiency (PCE) are achieved by the solar cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a resist composition, especially for use in the production of electronic components via electron beam lithography. In addition to the usual base polymeric component (resist polymer), a secondary electron generator is included in resist compositions of the invention in order to promote secondary electron generation. This unique combination of components increases the exposure sensitivity of resists in a controlled fashion which facilitates the effective production of high-resolution patterned substrates (and consequential electronic components), but at much higher write speeds.

Abstract: Flavonoid compounds that are selective for a protein, a portion or a living cell, or a portion of an organism may be used as biological imaging agents. The flavonoid compounds are useful for methods of imaging organisms such as zebrafish embryos and zebra fish. Flavonoid compounds may also be used to detect protein. Advantageously, flavonoids that selectively bind protein, a portion of a living cell, or a portion of an organism may exhibit a florescence “turn-on” mechanism, where the flavonoids that are selectively bound exhibit a florescence response when excited.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for detecting cardiovascular oxidative stress in an individual, comprising detecting in a blood sample from the individual modification of a cysteine at position 45 of the ?1-subunit of the human erythrocyte ATP-dependent Na+K+ pump protein or of an equivalent cysteine in a homolog or variant thereof. The invention further relates to a kit for detecting cardiovascular oxidative stress in an individual, the kit comprising at least one agent for detecting the presence of a modification in a cysteine at position 45 of the ?1-subunit of the human erythrocyte ATP-dependent Na+K+ pump protein or of an equivalent cysteine in a homolog or variant thereof, wherein said modification is a result of oxidation.

Abstract: The invention relates to chimeric AAV capsids targeted to oligodendrocytes, nucleic acids encoding the capsids, virus vectors and particles comprising the same, methods of producing the vectors, and methods of using the vectors to target oligodendrocytes. The invention further relates to methods of treating a disorder associated with oligodendrocyte dysfunction using the vectors.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a flux focusing magnetic gear assembly using ferrite magnets or the like. The present invention also relates generally to a flux focusing magnetic gear assembly using ferrite magnets or the like that incorporates an outer stator assembly that converts a variable input to a constant output. The present invention further relates generally to an axially aligned flux focusing magnetic gear assembly using ferrite magnets or the like. The improved flux focusing magnetic gear assemblies of the present invention find applicability in traction, wind, and ocean power generation, among other applications.

Abstract: Equatorial 2,3-fluorinated glycosides compounds of formula (I) useful for the treatment or prophylaxis of viral infection, particularly viral influenza, the methods for their preparation, and their pharmaceutical compositions. The therapeutic effect is achieved via inhibition of viral neuraminidases.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing a protease proenzyme and use thereof for treating cancer. The pharmaceutical compositions are directed to compositions comprising a protease proenzyme and an active agent, the composition being capable of providing a multi-functional approach for treating cancer. The pharmaceutical compositions are also directed to compositions comprising a first and a second protease proenzyme capable of activation at or near a surface of a tumor cell to enhance cell-to-cell adhesion of tumor cells, effect proteolysis of tumor cells, or induce tumor cell apoptosis, differentiation or immunorecognition, wherein the first protease proenzyme is chymotrypsinogen and the second protease proenzyme is trypsinogen. The pharmaceutical compositions are also directed to compositions comprising a first and second active agent each capable of inducing intracellular activity in tumor cells.

Abstract: A programmable clock generator is provided which is particularly suitable for low power applications. The programmable clock generator is comprised of: an oscillator circuit that generates an output signal whose frequency is set by a control signal, two feedback loops for controlling output frequency and a loop select that selects which feedback loop is operational at a given time. In operation, the frequency loop operates to coarsely adjust the frequency of the output signal; whereas, the phase loop operates to finely adjust the frequency of the output signal. The clock generator is preferably implemented by transistors operating in or near the subthreshold region.