Abstract: A process for the preparation of a hydrogen-rich stream comprising contacting a carbon monoxide-containing gas, methanol and water in at least one shift step in the presence of a catalyst comprising copper, zinc and aluminium and/or chromium at a shift inlet temperature of at least 280° C. and a pressure of at least 2.0 MPa.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a hydrogen-rich stream comprising contacting a process gas containing carbon monoxide and water, the process gas further including dimethyl ether or a dimethyl ether/methanol mixture in at least one shift step in the presence of an ether hydration catalyst selected from the group of solid acids and a methanol decomposition catalyst comprising copper, zinc and aluminum and/or chromium.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an isomerisation catalyst comprising mixed aluminium, tungsten and zirconium oxides and a hydrogenation/dehydrogenation component, such as palladium or other Group VIII metals. The catalyst is useful in an isomerisation process for C4+ paraffins and may optionally also include shorter paraffins, aromatics or cycloparaffins.

Abstract: Process for cooling an exothermic reaction zone by introducing a stream of water and a hydrocarbon-containing stream into a plurality of humidifying tubes extending through a catalytic exothermic reaction zone of a catalytic fixed bed with solid catalyst, introducing a process stream into the reaction zone for one or more catalytic exothermic reactions, passing the stream of water in a falling film along the inner circumference of the humidifying tubes, humidifying the hydrocarbon-containing stream with water in the humidifying tubes in indirect heat exchange with the exothermic reaction zone, withdrawing cooled reaction product of the exothermic reaction from the reaction zone, withdrawing the heated humidified, hydrocarbon-containing stream from the humidifying tubes, and transferring the heated humidified, hydrocarbon-containing process stream for further processing.

Abstract: Process and reaction unit for isothermal shift conversion of a carbon monoxide containing feed gas, the process comprising the steps of introducing the feed gas in a reaction unit into reactor tubes with a fixed bed of a shift conversion catalyst in a reaction zone; contacting the feed gas with the catalyst at conditions being effective in carbon monoxide shift conversion reaction with steam reactant to hydrogen and cooling the reaction by indirect heat exchange with a cooling agent by passing the cooling agent in a falling film along shell side of the reactor tubes and removing heated cooling agent from the falling film; passing hydrogen when it is formed by the shift conversion reaction through a hydrogen selective membrane to a permeate zone; withdrawing hydrogen from the permeate zone and carbon monoxide depleted feed gas from the reaction zone.

Abstract: A method and a system for injection of a solution of a compound into a gas at elevated temperature. The method includes the steps of injecting the solution into an injection channel being provided into at least a portion of an outer channel and being surrounded by and spaced apart from the outer channel, passing the gas along space between inner wall of the outer channel and outer wall of the injection channel and along inner space of the injection channel, evaporating the solution in and on inner wall of the injection channel, and decomposing the compound in and on the inner wall of the injection channel and in the gas. The solution can be aqueous solution comprising urea or ammonia, the gas is an exhaust gas from combustion, and the injection channel is a cylindrical channel concentrically installed in the outer channel.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a solid oxide fuel cell comprising chemically etching a metallic sheet covered with a photoresist and obtaining controlled patterns of cavities on one side of the metallic sheet and perforations on the other side of the metallic sheet and depositing electrochemically active segments on the perforated side of the metallic sheet. The invention includes also a solid oxide fuel cell prepared by the above process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an oxygenated fuel composition suitable for use in compression ignition internal combustion engines, equipped with inlet air heater and catalytic alcohol dehydration equipment suitable for chemical equilibrium conversion of methanol and higher alcohol to their associated ether plus water.

Abstract: A method for the mixing of fluid streams in a duct comprising positioning at least one mixing device having a front side and a back side within said duct through which a first major stream travels, the at least one mixing device determining a total cross-sectional area which is significantly lower than that of the duct so as to allow for the passage of said first major stream, whereby the at least one mixing device is a solid plate provided with one or more protrusions extending outward from the main solid plate body.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a catalyst support material and catalysts made therefrom having improved resistance towards erosion. The catalyst support contains at least 20% by weight of TiO2 being present mainly in the anatase form. Furthermore, the catalyst support contains diatomaceous earth in an amount of at least 2% and less than 80% by weight of the catalyst support. In one embodiment catalysts made from said catalyst support contain oxides or sulfates of base metals from the group of V, W, Mn, Nb, Mo, Ni, Fe or Cu. Another option is a catalyst prepared from said catalyst support containing Pt or Pd. Said catalysts are used for treatment of a flue gas. More specifically the catalyst supports prepared according to the present invention and showing improved resistance towards erosion are used in flue gas containing a large amount of particulate matter and for selective catalytic reduction of nitrous oxides.

Abstract: A two-stage hydrotreating process is disclosed wherein a hydrocarbon stream is first desulphurized followed by a dehydrogenation step, which process comprises in combination contacting the feed and hydrogen over a hydrotreating catalyst at hydrotreating conditions, heating the hydrotreated effluent and hydrogen-rich gas from the hydrotreating reactor and contacting said effluent and hydrogen gas over a hydrotreating catalyst in a post-treatment reactor at a temperature sufficient to increase the polyaromatic hydrocarbon content and lower the hydrogen content of said effluent.

Abstract: A process for catalytic isomerisation of alkyl aromatic compounds in a hydrocarbon process stream comprising contacting the alkyl aromatic compound-containing hydrocarbon stream under isomerisation conditions with a crystalline zeolite catalyst consisting of individual, primary crystals having an intracrystalline, non-crystallographic mesopore system and a mesopore volume of the zeolite crystals above 0.25.

Abstract: A process of producing sulfuric acid from feed gases containing 0.1-30% SO2. The process produces concentrated sulfuric acid from a feed gas containing 0.1 vol % to 30 vol % SO2, in particular a strong feed gas containing 6 vol % to 30 vol % SO2, that enables the gas entering the final wet condensing stage to have an acid dew point of below 260° C., while at the same time achieving current requirements of acid mist emissions of about 20 ppmv without resorting to substantial air dilution of the strong feed gas.

Abstract: Process for the removal of organic and/or inorganic sulfur from an ammonia stream by passing said stream through a fixed bed of sulfur absorbent in a sulfur absorber and withdrawing a sulfur-free ammonia stream, wherein said sulfur absorbent is a catalyst having a total nickel content in reduced form in the range 10 wt % to 70 wt % with the balance being a carrier material selected from the group of alumina, magnesium alumina spinel, silica, titania, magnesia, zirconia and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Process for production of synthesis gas comprising carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen by reforming of methanol including the steps of: (a) introducing methanol in liquid phase into a reactor containing a solid methanol reforming catalyst suspended in a liquid phase of methanol and water; (b) reacting the liquid phase of methanol and water in presence of the suspended catalyst at a pressure and temperature, where methanol is maintained in the liquid phase; and (c) withdrawing from the reactor a gas phase of synthesis gas being produced during reaction of the liquid methanol and water phase.

Abstract: A process for the selective removal of sulphur compounds from synthesis gas being rich in carbon monoxide and containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and containing hydrogen, carbon dioxide and steam comprising contacting the synthesis gas at a maximum contact temperature of 100° C. with an absorbent comprising Cu/ZnO compounds and being prepared by thermal decomposition of a corresponding carbonate and activation of the thermal decomposed carbonate with a reducing gas.

Abstract: Process for the removal of coloured compounds in a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising the steps of hydrotreating the feedstock in presence of a first hydrotreating catalyst under conditions being effective in hydrogenation of hydrogenable compounds being present in the feedstock and hydrotreating an effluent from the first hydrotreating step in a second catalytic hydrotreating step being carried out in a second hydrotreating reactor at hydrotreating conditions, wherein the effluent from the first hydrotreating step is separated into a gas phase and a mixed gas and liquid phase prior to the second hydrotreating step, and the mixed phase is hydrotreated in the second hydrotreating step without further addition of hydrogen.

Abstract: A process for the catalytic alkylation of monocyclic aromatic compounds in a hydrocarbon process stream comprising contacting the monocyclic aromatic compound-containing hydrocarbon process stream with an alkylation agent under alkylation conditions with a mesoporous zeotype catalyst having an intracrystalline, non-crystallographic mesopore system and a mesopore volume of the zeotype crystals above 0.25 ml/g.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for uniformly injecting a fluid stream into a gas stream at elevated temperature by means of an injection nozzle comprising a nozzle head and a supply inner tube being concentrically surrounded with an outer casing tube spaced apart from the inner supply tube. It comprises passing the fluid stream through the inner tube and the nozzle head and maintaining temperature of the fluid stream in the inner tube by providing thermal insulation in at least part of an annular space between the inner tube and the outer tube. Further it comprises maintaining a constant flow of the fluid inside the inner tube and nozzle head by plugging the nozzle head at outlet end and spraying the fluid stream through a number of nozzle holes provided in the nozzle head adjacent to the outlet end of the nozzle head.

Abstract: A process and reaction unit for isothermal shift conversion of a carbon monoxide containing feed gas. The process comprises the steps of introducing the feed gas in a reaction unit into reactor tubes with a fixed bed of a shift conversion catalyst in a reaction zone, contacting the feed gas with the catalyst at conditions being effective in carbon monoxide shift conversion reaction with steam reactant to hydrogen and cooling the reaction by indirect heat exchange with a cooling agent by passing the cooling agent in a falling film along shell side of the reactor tubes and removing heated cooling agent from the falling film, passing hydrogen when it is formed by the shift conversion reaction through a hydrogen selective membrane to a permeate zone, and withdrawing hydrogen from the permeate zone and carbon monoxide depleted feed gas from the reaction zone.