Abstract: Process for the preparation of ammonia from ammonia synthesis gas by contacting the synthesis gas with ammonia forming conditions with a catalyst comprising ruthenium as the active catalytic material supported on a carrier of boron nitride and/or silicon nitride.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of hydrogen and carbon monoxide rich gas by catalytic steam reforming of a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising steps of: (a) optionally passing a process gas of hydrocarbon feedstock through a first reactor with a steam reforming catalyst heated by a hot gas stream; (b) passing the effluent from the first reactor to a subsequent tubular reactor containing a steam reforming catalyst and being heated by burning of fuel, thereby obtaining a hot gas stream of steam reformed product gas and a hot gas stream of flue gas; and wherein a reforming catalyst is placed on a metallic support having substantially the same shape as a wall of the reactor and being arranged in heat conduction relationship with the reactor wall.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a synthesis gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide by a combination of catalytic partial oxidation and further an autothermal reforming process, comprising (a) providing separate streams of predetermined proportions of a hydrocarbon feedstock, an oxygen source and of process steam, (b) injecting said separate streams into a catalytic partial oxidation reaction zone to react, and to form a prereformed product stream, (c) introducing the prereformed product and a predetermined proportion of a second oxygen source into a further partial oxidation process step forming a further partially oxidised process stream by flame reactions, (d) reacting the further partially oxidised process stream in the reaction zone constituting a steam reforming process step to form a synthesis gas product stream, and (e) withdrawing the synthesis gas product stream from the further partial oxidation process step and the steam reforming process step, the two steps constituting the autothermal

Abstract: Process for carrying out non-adiabatic reactions comprising the steps of: introducing in parallel a first stream of reactants into a first reaction space and a second stream of reactants into a second reaction space; at reaction conditions contacting the first reactant stream with a catalyst in the first reaction space in indirect heat exchange with a heat exchanging medium and contacting the second reactant stream with a catalyst in the second reaction space in indirect heat exchange with a heat exchanging medium, and withdrawing a first and second steam reformed product gas; and the catalyst in the first reaction space being arranged within a tubular reactor in indirect heat exchanging relationship with the heat exchanging medium by introducing the medium into tubular heat exchange space concentrically surrounding the tubular reactor with the first reaction space, the catalyst in the second reaction space being arranged on shell side of a heat exchange space in indirect heat exchanging relationship with

Abstract: Process for the combined preparation of urea and ammonia reactant by steps of providing ammonia synthesis gas containing carbon dioxide and conversion of the synthesis gas to the ammonia reactant, reacting the ammonia reactant with the carbon dioxide in the synthesis gas to ammonium carbamate and to urea product, which process comprises further steps of prior to the conversion of the synthesis gas to the ammonia reactant, (i) washing the synthesis gas with an aqueous solution of the ammonia reactant and forming a solution being rich in ammonium carbamate; (ii) removing excess of ammonia reactant from the washed synthesis gas by washing with water and withdrawing an aqueous solution of ammonia reactant; (iii) purifying the water washed synthesis gas by removing remaining amounts of water and ammonia; and (iv) passing the purified synthesis gas to the conversion of the gas to ammonia reactant.

Abstract: A method for generating a concentrated solution of rhodium starting from solid RHI3 and other solid rhodium sources by combination with a reducing agent, preferably hydrazine and hydrazine derivatives. The solution does not form any precipitate of rhodium iodide or other compounds even upon admixture with large quantities of hydriodic acid. The solution is stable at ambient conditions, very stable towards air and is easily prepared without application of external pressure and heating sources.

Abstract: Process for the preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide and/or CH3OH in a hydrogen containing process stream by contacting the process stream with a catalyst comprising gold on a support comprising non-reducible magnesium aluminium oxide in form of MgAl2O4 spinel.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a hydrogen and/or carbonmonoxide rich gas comprising the step of partial oxidation of a hydrocarbon feedstock with an oxygen containing reactant stream in presence of steam, wherein the steam is present in the hydrocarbon feedstock in an amount higher than in the oxygen containing reactant stream.

Abstract: A process for treating a dust containing, gaseous or liquid feed stream in a reactor containing a plurality of particle beds, which have the capability, once the pressure drop across a bed has reached a maximum allowable level, to distribute most of the feed stream to a point directly upstream of each of the subsequent beds in a series, stepwise manner. The beds contain particles in the form of pellets, cylinders, granules, rings, or mixtures thereof, and at the end of an operation period, the primary fraction of the feed flow is directed through the downstream-most bed in the reactor. By providing for removal of dust in each of the beds, the process enables the reactor to operate with a conventional pressure drop profile, but for an extended on-stream period of time.

Abstract: A catalyst active in ammonia synthesis with improved activity and a process for the recovery of useful components from the catalyst.

Abstract: Hydrotreating catalyst containing one or more metal oxides and/or sulphides selected from Group VI-B and Group VIII of the Periodic Table supported on a porous refractory carrier, wherein the catalyst being in form of an angular extrudate with rounded edges.

Abstract: The invention relates to ammonia synthesis loops containing gases, which do not react and would accumulate if they were not purged out. By the present invention ammonia in a purge gas is recovered by an absorption agent operating at the full synthesis loop pressure. The absorption agent is chosen in such a way that the ammonia can be removed again by passing a gas comprising hydrogen and nitrogen through it at the same elevated pressure as the loop pressure. This enables the adsorption agent to be regenerated by fresh synthesis gas coming from the synthesis gas compressor just before this gas enters the synthesis loop. Thereby, the regeneration requires an absolute minimum of energy consumption and equipment.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a vanadium phosphate catalyst comprising treatment of a vanadium compound with formic acid, water and a phosphorus compound.

Abstract: A process for conversion of hydrocarbon feed by contacting the feed with a catalyst containing heteropoly acid supported on a carrier at reaction conditions being effective in the conversion of the feed, wherein the carrier is selected from substantially inert inorganic amorphous or crystalline material, which retains characteristic structure of the heteropoly acid as evidenced by vibration frequencies around 985 and 1008 cm−1, and which has a surface area larger than 15 m2/g excluding surface area in pores below 15 Å in diameter.

Abstract: A method for enhancing the protection of high temperature alloys containing iron, nickel and chromium against high temperature corrosion by carburization or metal dusting is achieved by depositing a thin layer of a metal selected from one or more of the noble metals, precious metals, metals from groups IVA, IVB, and group VA, VB of the Periodic Table and mixtures thereof with a thickness in the range of from 0.01 to 10 &mgr;m on the surface to be protected, and annealing the treated surface in an inert atmosphere at a predetermined temperature for a sufficient time to render the treated surface resistant to carburization or metal dusting.

Abstract: Process for the catalytic hydrotreating of a hydrocarbon feed stock containing silicon compounds by contacting the feed stock in presence of hydrogen with a hydrotreating catalyst at conditions to be effective in the hydrotreating of the feed stock, the improvement of which comprises the step of moisturising the hydrotreating catalyst with an amount of water added to the feed stock between 0.01 and 10 vol %.

Abstract: A process for the production of alumina is performed by dissolving gibbsite Al2O3.3H2O in nitric acid to provide an acid solution containing aluminum nitrate; decomposing the acid solution at 300-700° C. with a free air supply to form alumina and Nox by spraying onto the inner surface of one or more rotary kilns, drying in a fluid bed, or drying in a steel belt conveyor furnace; regenerating the formed NOx into concentrated nitric acid and recycling the nitric acid to be used for the dissolving of gibbsite; and recovering the alumina formed upon decomposing the acid solution.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of hydrogen and carbon monoxide rich gas by steam reforming of a hydrocarbon feedstock in the presence of a steam reforming catalyst disposed in the pores of a porous supporting structure aligned and adhered along the wall of a reforming reactor.

Abstract: A process for producing acetic acid which comprises charging reactants methanol, dimethyl ether, methyl acetate or any mixture thereof into a reactor containing: (1) a rhodium carbonylation catalyst, (2) an alkyl iodide or alkyl bromide, and (3) a hydrogenation catalyst, and contacting the reactants with carbon monoxide and hydrogen to produce acetic acid.

Abstract: Process for the mono alkylation of a hydrocarbon substrate containing aromatic hydrocarbon compounds comprising contacting the aromatic substrate with an alkylating agent consisting of a mixture of olefinic compounds and poly-alkylated aromatic compounds in presence of a fluorinated sulphonic acid.