Abstract: A process for production of sulphuric acid comprising condensing sulphuric acid vapour from a gas mixture containing 0.01 to 10 vol. % of H2SO4 vapour calculated at complete hydration of SO3 in the gas to H2SO4 and 0 to 50 vol. % of water vapour by cooling of the gas in a sulphuric acid tower, wherein a stream containing NH3 is added upstream of the tower in an amount corresponding to 0.01-100 ppm NH3 by vol. in the gas stream at the entry of the tower.

Abstract: Process and system for the production of synthesis gas from a hydrocarbon feed stock comprising the steps of endothermic and/or adiabatic catalytic steam reforming and autothermal steam reforming in series, wherein the steam reforming is carried out in one or more endothermic stages in series or in one or more adiabatic steam reforming stages in series with intermediate heating of feed stock gas leaving the adiabatic reforming stages and wherein carbon monoxide containing gas characterised by having a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon of less than 4.5 is added prior to at least one of the endothermic or adiabatic steam reforming stages and/or prior to the autothermal steam reforming step.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for controlling injection of a reductant into a NOx containing exhaust gas stream from a combustion engine, where combustion of a known fuel takes place and where the NOx is reduced by selective catalytic reduction, SCR, in the presence of a SCR catalyst, comprising establishing signals related to exhaust gas flow, HOx concentration in the exhaust gas stream upstream of the catalyst, exhaust gas temperature upstream of the SCR catalyst, exhaust gas temperature downstream of the SCR catalyst and to input data for catalyst characteristics. From the signals an adjusted amount of the reductant is calculated by using a calculated amount of reductant and a value d(E*T)/dt, where E is the exhaust gas flow, T is the exhaust gas temperature upstream of the catalyst and t is time.

Abstract: A method and a device for the distribution of gas. The method includes the steps of transferring the gas into a swirl chamber through an inlet section positioned tangentially to the swirl chamber, swirling the gas in the swirl chamber by passage through a number of equally displaced bent vanes, the surface of the upstream part of the vanes lying in a plane perpendicular to the swirl chamber's axis, the downstream part of the vanes being parallel to the swirl chamber's axis, and the vanes extending radially outward, and passing the gas through an outlet section positioned downstream the swirl chamber.

Abstract: A process for hydroprocessing a hydrocarbon feed. The hydrocarbon feed is first admixed with a hydrogen rich gas. The resultant process stream is then contacted with a hydrocracking catalyst. The resultant catalyst effluent process stream is separated into a gas phase stream and a liquid phase stream, and the gas phase stream is withdrawn. The liquid phase stream is admixed with a hydrogen rich gas, and the resultant process stream is contacted with a hydrocracking catalyst. The resultant catalyst effluent process stream is withdrawn and admixed with the previously obtained gas phase stream, and the resultant process stream is withdrawn.

Abstract: An up-flow reactor for the catalytic treatment of particle containing gas comprising at least one fixed catalytic bed; at least one drain pipe located upstream of the fixed catalytic bed, the drain pipe disposed within the reactor and a dust rectifier located downstream of the drain pipe and upstream of the fixed catalytic bed.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for the preparation of synthesis gas by catalytic steam and/or CO2 reforming of a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising the following steps: (a) heating the reaction mixture of hydrocarbon and steam and/or CO2 in a heated steam reforming unit integrated with the flue gas containing waste heat section from the fired tubular reformer in which reforming of the reaction mixture takes place by contact with a solid reforming catalyst (b) feeding the partially steam reformed mixture to the fired tubular reformer and further reforming the mixture to the desired composition and temperature, wherein the heated steam reforming unit comprises a piping system containing reaction sections with solid reforming catalyst comprising catalyst pellets and/or catalysed structured elements, the piping system being part of the process gas piping system integrated with the flue gas-containing waste heat section.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of synthesis gas to increase content of hydrogen and/or carbon monoxide in the gas comprising the step of contacting the synthesis gas with a catalyst comprising oxides of manganese and zirconium, which metals are present in a molar ratio Mn/Zr of between 0.05 to 5.00.

Abstract: A reactor system for oxidative conversion of hydrocarbons comprising at least one reactor tube being provided with a plurality of perforations along a wall of the tube and a reaction zone with an active catalyst arranged on tube side and/or shell side of the reactor tube; and a bed of particulates material surrounding the at least one reactor tube, the bed of particulate material being adapted to be fluidised by an oxygen containing atmosphere and to transport heat from the reactor tube.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of acrolein and/or acrylic acid by catalytic gas-phase selective oxidation reaction of propane, the process comprising contacting a reaction gas containing propane and an oxygen-containing gas over a mixed metal oxide solid catalyst supported on a TiO2—MoO3 porous support.

Abstract: Method for the recovery of a perfluorinated sulphonic acid from a viscous organic residue by aqueous extraction of the acid from the residue in presence of a solvent containing aromatic compounds.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for the preparation of synthesis gas by catalytic steam and/or CO2 reforming of a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising the following steps: (a) heating the reaction mixture of hydrocarbon feedstock and steam and/or CO2 in the flue gas containing waste heat section from the fired tubular reformer (b) adiabatic reforming of the reaction mixture outside the waste heat section by contact with a solid reforming catalyst (c) repeating steps (a) and (b) until the desired reaction mixture composition and temperature is reached (d) feeding the reaction mixture to the fired tubular reformer and further reforming the mixture to the desired composition and temperature, wherein the adiabatic reforming of the reaction mixture is conducted in the process gas piping system in the flue gas-containing waste heat section, the piping system having adiabatic zones outside the heating section and containing solid reforming catalysts comprising one or more catalyzed structured elements.

Abstract: A method for measurement of high temperatures of a process stream by means of a thermocouple arranged in a thermowell. The thermowell is at least partly covered by a layer of a catalytic material which is active in at least one endothermic reaction. The thermowell is installed in a reactor by inserting the thermowell through a hole penetrating the reactor wall so that the tip of the thermowell is in contact with the process stream. The invention is typically used where the reaction is a reforming reaction and the reactor is an autothermal reformer fed with a hydrocarbon stream and an oxygen containing stream.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of oxygenates to hydrocarbons comprising contacting a feed stream comprising oxygenates with a catalyst containing a microporous material under oxygenate conversion conditions, wherein the catalyst contains a crystalline microporous material with intra-crystalline mesopores. The invention also includes a composition for use in the above process.

Abstract: Process for the continuous drying of a hydrocarbon stream at a temperature being effective in drying the stream with an ionic liquid drying agent comprising a salt of sulphuric acid being in liquid or melted form at the drying temperature.

Abstract: Process for the production of synthesis gas by catalytic steam reforming of a hydrocarbon containing feedstock in parallel in an autothermal steam reformer and in one or more steam reformers in series, the heat for the steam reforming reactions in the one or more steam reformers being provided by indirect heat exchange with the combined effluents from the one or more steam reformers with the autothermal steam reformer, and wherein carbon monoxide containing gas is added to the feedstock prior to the steam reforming in the autothermal steam reformer and/or prior to the steam reforming in the one or more steam reformers, the carbon monoxide containing gas having a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon of less than 4.5 and being added in an amount resulting in a product stream having a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide of between about 1.8 and 2.3.

Abstract: Process for the removal of higher hydrocarbons contained in natural gas further containing sulphur compounds by simultaneous conversion of the hydrocarbons to aromatic compounds and methane in presence of a catalyst comprising a crystalline alumino silicate having in its anhydrous state a formula expressed in terms of mole ratios as follows: xQ:0.01–0.1 M2/nO:0–0.08 Z2O3:SiO2:0.0001–0.5 Me, wherein: Q is an organic nitrogen compound; Z is aluminum, boron, gallium or mixtures thereof; x is between 0 and 0.5; M is at least one metal cation of valence n or proton; and Me is at least one of the metals, which form a water insoluble sulphide by contact with a sulphur compound being present in the natural gas and/or in a preparation mixture for preparation of the catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of linear and/or branched paraffin hydrocarbons based on the use of an ionic liquid catalyst in combination with a metal salt additive, which provides a catalytic composition with an increased activity, compared with said ionic liquid. Under suitable reaction conditions this conversion is leading to paraffin hydrocarbon fraction with higher octane number.

Abstract: A process for continuous production of ammonium thiosulphate, (NH4)2S2O3 (ATS) from NH3, H2S and SO2 is disclosed. A first feed stream comprising H2O, H2S and NH3 with a molar H2S:NH3 ratio <0.4 is partially condensed to form a condensate. The condensate is contacted with a third feed gas comprising H2S and the gas stream comprising NH3 and H2S is passed to a mixing device where the gas stream is dissolved in water drained off from an aerosol filter. A second feed gas stream comprising approximately ? mole SO2 per mole of NH3 contained in the first feed stream is passed to a SO2 absorber. The aqueous solution produced in mixing device is contacted with the SO2 absorber.

Abstract: A process for catalytic dehydrogenation of a dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon process stream to the corresponding olefin or olefins, the process comprising contacting the dehydrogenatable hydrocarbon process stream under dehydrogenation conditions with a mesoporous zeotype catalyst having an intra-crystalline, non-crystallographic mesopore system and a mesopore volume of the zeotype crystals above 0.25 ml/g and comprising at least one element belonging to Groups 5–14 in the Periodic Table of the Elements (new notation). The invention also comprises a catalyst for use in the above process.