Abstract: Process for the separation of close boiling isomeric compounds comprising distilling a dilute solution of isomers in a high boiling compound in the presence of a solid adsorbent. Multi and/or monobranched as well as cyclic isomers are withdrawn at the top of the distillation column, while straight chain and/or mono branched isomers are retained within the solid adsorbent. The diluent solution of the high boiling compound is withdrawn from the bottom of the distillation column and recycled, where it may be combined with the feed isomer mixture or recycled straight to the top of the adsorption column.

Abstract: A process for removal of SO2 in off-gases having a temperature of 30-150° C. and containing 0.001-1 vol % SO2 in which the SO2 is oxidised to H2 SO4 by spraying an aqueous solution of H2O2 into the off-gas upstream of an aerosol filter removing the produced sulphuric acid from the off-gas.

Abstract: Partial conversion hydrocracking process comprising the steps of (a) hydrotreating a hydrocarbon feedstock with a hydrogen-rich gas to produce a hydrotreated effluent stream comprising a liquid/vapour mixture and separating the liquid/vapour mixture into a liquid phase and a vapour phase, and (b) separating the liquid phase into a controlled liquid portion and an excess liquid portion, and (c) combining the vapour phase with the excess liquid portion to form a vapour plus liquid portion, and (d) separating an FCC feed-containing fraction from the controlled liquid portion and simultaneously hydrocracking the vapour plus liquid portion to produce a diesel-containing fraction, or hydrocracking the controlled liquid portion to produce a diesel-containing fraction and simultaneously separating a FCC feed-containing fraction from the vapour plus liquid portion. The invention also includes an apparatus for carrying out the partial conversion hydrocracking process.

Abstract: A process for hydrocracking a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising components boiling above 343° C. into a middle distillate fraction in the presence of hydrogen under hydrocracking conditions, comprising contacting the hydrocarbon feedstock in a first hydrocracking zone in the presence of one or more hydrocracking catalysts and thereafter in a second hydrocracking zone in the presence of one or more hydrocracking catalysts, and recovering a middle distillate product, wherein the entire effluent from the first hydrocracking zone is passed into the second hydrocracking zone, and at least one hydrocracking catalyst in the first hydrocracking zone comprises one or more hydrogenation components on a support comprising at least one large pore zeolite having a pore diameter in the range of 0.7-1.

Abstract: Process and system for the production of synthesis gas from a hydrocarbon feed stock comprising the steps of endothermic and/or adiabatic catalytic steam reforming and autothermal steam reforming in series, wherein the steam reforming is carried out in one or more endothermic stages in series or in one or more adiabatic steam reforming stages in series with intermediate heating of feed stock gas leaving the adiabatic reforming stages and wherein carbon monoxide containing gas characterised by having a molar ratio of hydrogen to carbon of less than 4.5 is added prior to at least one of the endothermic or adiabatic steam reforming stages and/or prior to the autothermal steam reforming step.

Abstract: Process for the catalytic hydrotreating of a hydrocarbon feed stock containing silicon compounds comprising the steps of contacting the feed stock in presence of hydrogen with a first hydrotreating catalyst being arranged in at least two reactors being connected in series at an outlet temperature of up to 410° C. to reduce content of the silicon compounds in the feed stock; cooling of the feed stock such treated to a temperature of between 280° and 350° C.; and contacting the cooled feed stock with a second hydrotreating catalyst at conditions being effective in reduction of sulphur compound and nitrogen compound concentration.

Abstract: Reforming reactor for the conversion of a process fluid into hydrogen comprising: a reforming section and a boiler section which are both contained within a common volume and a combustion section, in which said reforming section contains one or more catalyst tubes filled with reforming catalyst, said boiler section is provided with one or more tubes carrying flue gas from the combustion section and said combustion section is provided with at least one burner, wherein the heat exchanging medium required for the reforming of said process fluid in the one or more catalyst tubes is a gas-liquid mixture that self-circulates and is encapsulated inside said common volume containing said reforming and boiler sections.

Abstract: Reforming reactor for the conversion of a process fluid into hydrogen comprising: a reforming section which is contained within a closed volume, a boiler section and a combustion section, in which said reforming section contains one or more catalyst tubes filled with reforming catalyst, said boiler section is provided with one or more flow channels for the passage of flue gas from the combustion section and said combustion section is provided with at least one burner, wherein the heat exchanging medium required for the reforming of said process fluid in the one or more catalyst tubes is a gas-liquid mixture that self-circulates and is encapsulated inside said closed volume and wherein at least a portion of said closed volume protrudes inside said boiler section.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of dimethyl ether product by catalytic conversion of synthesis gas to dimethyl ether comprising contacting a stream of synthesis gas comprising carbon dioxide with one or more catalysts active in the formation of methanol and the dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether to form a product mixture comprising the components dimethyl ether, methanol, carbon dioxide and unconverted synthesis gas, washing the product mixture comprising carbon dioxide and unconverted synthesis gas in a scrubbing zone with a liquid solvent being rich in potassium carbonate or amine and thereby selectively absorbing carbon dioxide in the liquid solvent, subjecting the thus treated product mixture to a distillation step to separate methanol and water from dimethyl ether and unconverted synthesis gas stream with a reduced content of carbon dioxide and separating the unconverted synthesis gas from the dimethyl ether product.

Abstract: A process for hydrocracking a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock into a middle distillate utilising a hydrocarbon conversion catalyst comprising a modified beta zeolite and a modified Y zeolite, an amorphous inorganic oxide and a hydrogenation component, wherein the said middle distillate is characterised by having a low aromatics content and/or a low pour point.

Abstract: A fuel processing method for a solid oxide fuel cell stack comprising the steps of: (a) supplying a feed stream comprising methanol and/or dimethyl ether to a methanation reactor containing catalytic material for the methanation of methanol and/or dimethyl ether; (b) processing the feed stream in the methanation reactor under adiabatic conditions to produce an effluent fuel comprising methane; (c) transferring the effluent fuel comprising methane to the anode of a solid oxide fuel cell stack comprising at least one solid oxide fuel cell; (d) providing the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell stack with an oxygen-containing gas; and (e) converting the fuel comprising methane and the oxygen-containing gas into electricity in the solid oxide fuel cell stack.

Abstract: The invention provides a process and filter for catalytic purification of exhaust gas from a diesel engine by passing the exhaust gas through a wall flow filter provided with material being catalytic active in the reduction of nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and oxidation of carbonaceous compounds to carbon dioxide and water. The wall flow filter is prepared from silicon carbide and provided with a layer of titanium dioxide on its surface and wherein the catalytic active material comprises oxides of vanadium, tungsten and metallic palladium.

Abstract: A process for cleaning gases from a gasification unit comprising the steps of: gasifying a fuel to raw synthesis gas comprising carbon monoxide and steam in a gasification reactor in the presence of a calcium-containing compound and steam removing halogen compounds from the raw synthesis gas catalytic conversion of carbon monoxide and steam in the raw synthesis gas to carbon dioxide and hydrogen in a water gas shift conversion step to provide a shifted gas contacting the shifted gas with a solid sulphur sorbent regenerating the solid sulphur sorbent by passing a stream of steam through the solid sulphur sorbent counter current to the flow direction of the shifted gas to provide a hydrogen sulphide-containing stream of steam transferring the hydrogen sulphide-containing stream of steam from the solid sulphur sorbent directly to the gasification reactor removing the cleaned shifted gas from the solid sulphur sorbent.

Abstract: Liquid-vapour distribution device for use in two-phase concurrent down-flow vessels, having a level, horizontal tray being perforated with holes, each perforation through the horizontal tray being fitted with a vapour lift tube, the vapour lift tube including at least one elongated up-flow leg and one down-flow leg creating at least one up-flow zone and a down-flow zone between the up-flow zone and down-flow zone, and a bluff body being arranged within the transition zone and/or in a region of the upflow or down-flow zone adjacent to the transition zone of the vapour lift tube.

Abstract: Downflow catalytic reactor having a plurality of catalyst beds in which a mixture of gas and liquid are passed, the region in between subsequent catalyst beds being provided with a distributor system for the distribution and mixing of gas and liquid prior to contact with a subsequent catalyst bed, said region comprising: (a) gas injection line arranged below a catalyst support tray, (b) collector tray adapted to receive gas and liquid, (c) spillway collectors extending above the level of said collecting tray, (d) mixing chamber adapted to receive the gas and liquid descending from said spillway collectors, (e) impingement plate below said mixing chamber, (f) first distributor tray arranged below said impingement plate having a number of apertures throughout and a number chimneys, and (g) second distributor tray arranged below said first distributor tray for the redistribution of gas and liquid prior to contact with the subsequent catalyst bed, wherein the at least one chimney is provided with a distributor d

Abstract: Process for the recovery of sulfuric acid comprising: (a) contacting a stream containing sulfuric acid vapor and/or sulfur trioxide in an absorption stage with a ionic liquid absorbent, (b) withdrawing a gas substantially free of sulfuric acid vapor and/or sulfur trioxide from said absorption stage, (c) withdrawing a stream comprising the ionic liquid absorbent from said absorption stage, in which said ionic liquid absorbent contains sulfuric acid, (d) recovering sulfuric acid from said ionic liquid absorbent by passing the stream of step (c) through a separation stage, (e) withdrawing from the separation stage (d) a stream rich in sulfuric acid, (f) withdrawing from the separating step (d) a ionic liquid absorbent stream in which said ionic liquid absorbent contains sulfuric acid and returning said stream to the absorption step (a).

Abstract: Process for selectively reforming ethanol to a hydrogen-rich product in the presence of at least one catalyst comprising a catalytically active material supported on a carrier, the process comprising the following steps in which the at least one catalyst is active: transferring a stream of ethanol and steam and a hydrogen-comprising stream, the molar ratio of ethanol to hydrogen being 0.2-1, to a dehydration/hydrogenation reactor for dehydrating ethanol to ethylene and for hydrogenating ethylene to produce an ethane-containing stream, adiabatically pre-reforming the ethane-comprising stream to a stream comprising methane, steam reforming the stream comprising methane to produce a mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, converting the mixture comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide from the steam reforming step under water gas shift conditions to produce a hydrogen-rich product stream.

Abstract: The invention provides a process and system for purification of an exhaust gas stream from a combustion engine containing hydrocarbons, soot, carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide. The process comprises the steps of oxidising the hydrocarbons and part of the soot in a first reactor in the presence of a first catalyst active in oxidising hydrocarbons and soot without oxidising sulphur dioxide and forming a partly purified exhaust gas stream, of cooling of the partly purified exhaust gas stream, of converting the carbon monoxide of the partly purified exhaust gas stream in a second reactor in presence of a second catalyst active in oxidising carbon monoxide without oxidising sulphur dioxide and of withdrawing a purified exhaust gas stream.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for the preparation of synthesis gas by catalytic steam and/or CO2 reforming of a hydrocarbon feedstock comprising the following steps: (a) heating the reaction mixture of hydrocarbon and steam and/or CO2 in a heated steam reforming unit integrated with the flue gas containing waste heat section from the fired tubular reformer in which reforming of the reaction mixture takes place by contact with a solid reforming catalyst (b) feeding the partially steam reformed mixture to the fired tubular reformer and further reforming the mixture to the desired composition and temperature, wherein the heated steam reforming unit comprises a piping system containing reaction sections with solid reforming catalyst comprising catalyst pellets and/or catalysed structured elements, the piping system being part of the process gas piping system integrated with the flue gas-containing waste heat section.

Abstract: An arrangement for mixing fluid streams in a duct, said arrangement comprising: at least one mixing device having front side and back side and positioned within said duct through which a first major stream travels, the at least one mixing device determining a total cross-sectional area which is significantly lower than that of the duct so as to allow for the passage of said first major stream, in which the at least one mixing device is a solid plate provided with one or more protrusions extending outward from the main solid plate body.