Abstract: A process for the preparation of ammonia synthesis gas by steam reforming and/or partial oxidation of a hydrocarbon feedstock comprises the further steps of catalytically converting a part of the synthesis gas to methanol, liquifying and separating the prepared methanol from remaining nitrogen rich gas, then reconverting the nitrogen depleted methanol to hydrogen and carbon oxides gas and recombining the gas with the reminder of the nitrogen containing synthesis gas to obtain stoichiometric ammonia synthesis gas.

Abstract: When condensing sulfuric acid from gases containing sulfuric acid vapor and steam in excess, e.g. originating from a power station, a substantial decrease of the amount minute droplets of sulfuric acid (the so-called acid mist) escaping to the surroundings is obtained, even in cases where the sulfuric acid plant is equipped with an aerosol filter, if minute nucleation cores are incorporated into the gas in an amount of 10.sup.9 to 10.sup.12 solid particles per Nm.sup.3 per 0.1 % H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 -vapor in the gas. The nucelation cores may, e.g., be generated by combusting hydrocarbons with>2 carbon atoms or silicones, or added as smoke from an electric arc or welding.

Abstract: A cooled reactor for exothermic catalytic conversion of gaseous materials, e.g. for the oxo synthesis, for the conversion of hydrogen and nitrogen to form ammonia and for the reaction of carbon oxides with hydrogen to form methanol, comprises a cylindrical pressure shell (10), distributor means (34) for synthesis gas, at least one tube sheet (30) and one or more catalyst beds (20) provided with cooling tubes (38) for the indirect cooling of reacting gas. Each cooling tube (38) consists of an outer tube (4) provided with a heat exchanging outer wall (7); this outer tube surrounds and is coaxial with an inner tube (2) and hence defines an annular space the inner wall of which is provided with perforations (8) to direct the stream of cooling gas, which may consist of or contain components of the synthesis gas, to the annular space and along the heat exchanging wall.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing acetic acid, acetic acid methyl ester or acetic anhydride or mixtures thereof by converting a synthesis gas mainly containing hydrogen and carbon oxides, by first converting the synthesis gas catalytically into a gas mixture containing methanol and dimethyl ether and then carbonylating this mixture catalytically into acetic acid and/or methyl acetate and/or acetic anhydride.

Abstract: The removal of sulphides from gas streams while using a solid absorbent containing tin, tin oxides or mixtures thereof and optionally a stabilizing component consisting of nickel, copper, cobalt, iron or oxides thereof takes place by contacting the sulphide-containing gas stream with the solid absorbent, which is expediently in the form of a carrier with the tin component and the stabilizing component; hereby the absorbent is sulphided and the gas stream desulphided. Subsequently the sulphided absorbents are regenerated by being contacted with a stream of steam. The regeneration process employed is substantially thermoneutral so that superheating and consequent sintering of the absorbent is avoided; moreover it is not necessary to operate at low temperatures, whereby the formation of sulphates as a by-product is avoided.

Abstract: When producing ammonia in a conventional ammonia plant there is obtained a substantially improved process economy by incorporating a fuel cell into the ammonia plant. A gas stream rich in carbon dioxide, obtained during the production of ammonia, is passed to the cathode gas loop of the fuel cell; and/or a purged gas stream emanating from the process plant and containing one or more components usable as fuel for the fuel cell is fed to the anode chamber of the fuel cell. Finally, exhaust gas usable as fuel is passed from the anode chamber of the fuel cell to the front end of the process plant. An improved production of electricity is obtained in the fuel cell; and the stream rich in carbon dioxide formed in the ammonia plant is utilized, whereas normally it is a waste product.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for steam reforming of hydrocarbons. Heat from a product stream of reformed gas is utilized to supply heat required for endothermic reforming of a process gas of hydrocarbons and steam by indirect heat exchange between the product stream and process gas. The temperature of metallic materials of gas heated reactors used in the reforming is controlled so as to avoid metal dusting on tube walls of the gas heated reactors.

Abstract: A crystalline aluminosilicate having its anhydrous state a formula expressed in terms of mol ratios as follows:xQ:0.01-0.1 M.sub.2/n O:0-0.8 Z.sub.2 O.sub.3 :SiO.sub.2 :0.0001-0.5 MeS,wherein:Q is an organic nitrogen compound;Z is aluminium, boron, gallium or mixtures thereof;x is between 0 and 0.5;M is at least one metal cation of valence n; andMe is at least one of the metals which form an insoluble sulfide compound.

Abstract: Combustible impurities in oxygen-containing offgases are burnt according to a method and by an apparatus of the type in which at least some of the heat of combustion is recovered by a regenerative heat exchange in two identical heat exchange zones (10, 11) containing a solid heat exchange material and separated by a combustion chamber (15). The air or gas to be purified flows through both of the heat exchange zones and by means of valves (1, 2, 3, 4). The direction of flow is changed periodically so that the two zones are alternately heated and cooled in periods of 0.1-60 minutes.

Abstract: Process for the removal of nitrogen oxides in hot flue gas by catalytic reduction with a reducing agent, which process comprises continuously introducing the flue gas into a section of a sectional divided denitration catalyst unit countercurrently with fresh air passing through an other section of the catalyst, and continuously adding the reducing agent into a third section of the catalyst between the section traversed by the flue gas and the section traversed by the air, the third section being traversed by the air before addition of the reducing agent by continuously or stepwise changing the position of the catalyst sections.

Abstract: Nitrogen oxides can be removed from turbines by a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) with ammonia with greater efficiency than by prior art technique if the ammonia needed for the reduction of the nitrogen oxides is added before the turbine, preferably in a stoichiometric excess compared to the contents of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas. One can employ well-known SCR catalysts and advantageously the exhaust gas after the turbine is passed through a layer of SCR catalyst followed by a layer of a combustion catalyst. The latter expediently consists of metal oxides, preferably selected from copper oxide, manganese oxide and chromium oxide, deposited on aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, silicon oxide or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A catalyst for the partial oxidation of an alcohol to a corresponding aldehyde. The catalyst includes a monolithic structured inert carrier and an active catalytic mixture of oxides of molybdenum and either chromium, vanadium, aluminum, iron, tungsten, manganese or mixtures thereof in a molar ratio of the molybdenum oxide to the other oxide or oxides of between 1 and 5. The catalyst has a reduced pressure drop compared to a particulate catalyst bed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the removal of acidic gaseous compounds from a stream of offgas by introducing into the gastream a core-gas containing solid particles with a diameter of between about 40 and 1000 .ANG. and treatment of the obtained gasmixture with ammonia.

Abstract: Flue gases etc. may contain SO.sub.2 which should be prevented from admission to the atmosphere. SO.sub.2 is oxidized to SO.sub.3 and condensed with steam to H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 -vapors which are condensed in vertical glass tubes cooled from the outside. In principle the condensate is collected near the bottom of the tubes. In the cooling process a mist of very small H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 droplets is formed and tends to escape to the atmosphere. Environmental regulations continually increase the demands on reducing the amount of acid mist escaping. According to the invention an important method to achieve a reduction of the escape of acid mist is to pass the gas leaving each tube through an aerosol filter in gastight connection with the tube top. Such a filter may consist of acid resistant fibres or filaments having a thickness of 0.04-0.7 mm and may be arranged in specified manners to ensure a drop of pressure through below 20 mbar.

Abstract: A fuel cell comprising an electrolyte membrane sandwiched between an anode sheet and a cathode sheet, wherein the sheets and the membrane are divided into a number of parallel subareas with inlet and outlet channels for gaseous reactants through the sheets and through the membrane.

Abstract: A fuel cell power plant utilizing hydrogen and carbon oxide rich feed gas (4) and comprising a hydrogen-carbon oxide consuming fuel cell (2) with an anode compartment (2a) and a cathode compartment (2c), means for supplying feed gas (8, 10, 12) to the anode compartment (2a), compression means (41) for supplying the cathode compartment (2c) with compressed cathode oxidant gas (44), and means for recirculating fuel cell exhaust gas (46, 50, 42) to the cathode compartment (2c), which fuel cell power plant further comprises a methanation unit (9) for converting the hydrogen and carbon-oxide rich feed gas (4) into a methanated gas, a reforming catalyst bed (13) adapted to receive and reform the methanated gas to anode process gas (14) by absorbing waste heat from said fuel cell (2).

Abstract: Superconducting products on the basis of crystalline superconducting compounds having the general formula (Me.sup.1).sub.p (Me.sup.2).sub.q Cu.sub.3 O.sub.x F.sup.Y, wherein Me.sup.1 is selected from Y, Sc and the lanthanides, Me.sup.2 is Ba and/or Sr, p is 0.8-2.5, q is 0.8-3, x is 5-8.5 and y is 0-6, are prepared by reacting oxides of the metals in the molten phase, the Me.sup.2 oxides at least in part being used as Me.sup.2 peroxide and Me.sup.1 oxide and/or Cu oxide optionally being partly replaced by fluorides. The reaction is carried out under an oxygen-free atmosphere in a closed reaction vessel having deformable walls, and during the reaction the vessel is placed in an autoclave under an isostatic pressure of 800 to 3000 bar and at a temperature of 800.degree. to 1400.degree. C., after which cooling is carried out without opening of the vessel.

Abstract: A catalytic chemical process is carried out non-adiabatically using as a catalyst a body with two sets of channels throughout the body. One set of channels leads the process fluid towards one of two parallel walls of the catalyst chamber, the other set towards the outer wall, In slits between walls and catalyst heat is exchanged between process fluid and at least one of these walls upon reflecting the process fluid leaving channels of one set and entering channels of the other. The body may be made of alternatingly corrugated and plane sheets using in turn two different orientations for the corrugated sheets. It is preferred that the sheets are arranged orthogonal to the heat transmitting wall(s) and parallel to the overall direction of flow. The method is preferred for endothermic processes, especially steam reforming of hydrocarbon(s).

Abstract: A modular manifold arrangement for distributing a flow of a gas in a reactor. The manifold arrangement includes a tank or a container, within the walls of which a bed for a granulated catalyst or substance, with which the gas is to react, is arranged. The bed is at least partially surrounded by gas-permeable gratings. In order to provide elements that may pass through a narrow manhole and from which it is possible to construct passages for providing a uniform flow through the reactor bed, the manifold arrangement includes an elongate tube. The tube is closed at one end and open for inlet of gas at the other end. The tube further has a gas-impermeable rear sidewall with a shape corresponding to the walls of the tank and a front side which is a gas-permeable grating having a sheet or plate provided therein with a large number of nozzles.

Abstract: A synthetic, layered, crystalline aluminosilicate. The aluminosilicate has the general formula (expressed as moles of oxide ratios): (M.sub.2/n O).sub.x : (SiO.sub.2).sub.y : (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3).sub.z wherein M represents one or more n-valent cations selected from sodium, potassium and other cations capable of replacing sodium or potassium by ion-exchange. The ratio y/z is between 15 and 300. The ratio x/z is determined from the criterion of electron neutrality between anions and cations, and wherein the structural aluminum is tetrahedrally coordinated in the crystal lattice of the above formula. The aluminosilicates of the invention are used as catalysts for the preparation of higher hydrocarbons from raw material containing olefins or oxygenates. The aluminosilicates are prepared from a synthesis mixture comprising the following compounds and molar ratios: SiO.sub.2 /Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 : 5-500; M.sub.2/n O/SiO.sub.2 : 0.1-10; OH/SiO.sub.2 : 0.1-5; and H.sub.2 O/SiO.sub.2 : 5-200.