Abstract: There is disclosed a process for measuring transmittance of a fluid in a radiation field comprising polychromatic radiation—i.e., radiation at a first wavelength and radiation at a second wavelength different from the first wavelength.

Abstract: A cleaning apparatus (10) for a radiation source assembly (35) in a fluid treatment system is described. The cleaning apparatus comprise cleaning chamber (20) and a second chamber (25, 30) independent of the cleaning chamber which defines a fluid (typically water) buffer layer to obviate or mitigate cleaning fluid from the cleaning chamber leaking into the fluid being treated. The fluid treatment system is particularly useful for us in clean water applications in which ultraviolet radiation is used to treat the water while having the advantages of in situ cleaning of the radiation source when it becomes fouled.

Abstract: A cleaning apparatus with cleaning rings for cleaning cylindrical bodies, preferably for the quartz cladding tubes in UV disinfection units, especially in UV disinfection sluices for waste water, which in addition to an axially parallel longitudinal movement over the outside surfaces perform an additional angularly limited and alternating rotational movement The object of the invention is a cleaning apparatus with cleaning rings for cleaning cylindrical bodies, preferably for the quartz cladding tubes in UV disinfection units, especially in UV disinfection sluices for waste water, which in addition to an axially parallel longitudinal movement over the outside surfaces perform an additional angularly limited and alternating rotational movement.

Abstract: There is disclosed an improved radiation source module having a power supply adapted to be at least partially immersed in a fluid being treated. In one embodiment, the power supply is partly immersed in the fluid being treated. In another embodiment, the power supply is fully submersible in the fluid being treated. A fluid treatment system comprising the radiation source module is also described.

Abstract: A fluid level control system, particularly useful for controlling the level of water flowing in an open channel. The fluid level control system includes a gate having a flap port on interconnected to a lever portion. The flap portion is rotatable about a first pivot point. The system further includes a frame which is fixed with respect to the flap portion. A linkage interconnects the flap portion and the lever portion, and is connected to the frame at a second pivot point different than the first pivot point. Under changing flow conditions in the channel, the present system operates by both: (i) absolute movement of the lever portion and the flap portion, and (ii) relative movement between the lever portion and the flap portion. A fluid treatment system and a method for controlling the level of a flowing fluid may also use such a fluid level control system.

Abstract: A cleaning apparatus for use in a fluid treatment system comprising a radiation source assembly, the cleaning apparatus comprising: at least one cleaning sleeve (300) in sliding engagement with the exterior of the radiation source assembly (150); a cleaning chamber (310) disposed in the at least one cleaning sleeve in contact with a portion of the exterior of the radiation source assembly (150) and for being supplied with a cleaning solution, the cleaning chamber comprising an opening (370) to an exterior of the cleaning sleeve; a pressure equalization member (355) disposed in the opening to provide a seal between the opening and the exterior of the cleaning sleeve, the pressure equalization member being movable in response to a pressure gradient thereacross; and drive means to translate the at least one cleaning sleeve along the exterior of the radiation source assembly. A fluid treatment device comprise the cleaning apparatus is also described.

Abstract: A cleaning apparatus for a radiation source assembly in a fluid treatment system is described. The cleaning apparatus comprises: a carriage movable with respect to an exterior of the radiation source assembly; at least one cleaning sleeve in sliding engagement with the exterior of the radiation source assembly, the at least one cleaning sleeve being moveable with respect to the carriage; and drive means coupled to the carriage to translate the carriage whereby the at least one cleaning sleeve is translated over the exterior of the radiation source assembly. A radiation source module comprising the cleaning apparatus is also disclosed. The radiation source module is particularly useful for ultraviolet radiation of wastewater while having the advantages of in situ cleaning of the radiation source when it becomes fouled. Radiation source replacement is also facilitated.

Abstract: A cleaning formulation comprising a cleaning agent, a particulate clay material and an aqueous carrier. The formulation has a pH less than about 4.0 and is characterized by at least a 90% reduction in viscosity at 25° C. at a shear rate of up to about 0.10 s−1. The cleaning formulation is thixotropic and has a highly desirable combination of acid stability, temperature stability, electrolyte stability and ultraviolet radiation stability.

Abstract: An on-line device for predicting at least one fluid flow parameter in a process includes structure and/or function whereby a flow domain has disposed therein a pre-determined portion in which a fluid flows. Preferably, the device includes a computer having: (i) a memory for receiving a database, the database including relative information in respect of a plurality of nodes or a plurality of particle pathways in the pre-determined portion; (ii) structure to receive input data from the process, and (iii) structure to calculate the at least one fluid flow parameter from the database and the input data. The device is particularly advantageously employed as a UV dosimeter.

Abstract: An optical radiation sensor device includes a radiation collector for receiving radiation from a predefined arc around the collector within the field and redirecting the received radiation along a predefined pathway; motive means to move the radiation collector from a first position in which a first portion of the predefined arc is received by the radiation collector and a second position in which a second portion of the predefined arc is received by the radiation collector; and a sensor element capable of detecting and responding to incident radiation along the pathway when the radiation collector is in the first position and in the second. The use of the optical radiation sensor device in a radiation source module and in a fluid treatment system is also described.

Abstract: There is disclosed an improved radiation source module having a power supply adapted to be at least partially immersed in a fluid being treated. In one embodiment, the power supply is partly immersed in the fluid being treated. In another embodiment, the power supply is fully submersible in the fluid being treated. A fluid treatment system comprising the radiation source module is also described.

Abstract: A fluid treatment device, particularly useful for ultraviolet radiation treatment of fluids such as water. The device comprises a housing for receiving a flow of fluid. The housing has a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, a fluid treatment zone disposed between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet and at least one radiation source having a longitudinal axis disposed in the fluid treatment zone substantially transverse to a direction of the flow of fluid through the housing. The fluid inlet, the fluid outlet and the fluid treatment zone are arranged substantially collinearly with respect to one another. The fluid inlet has a first opening having: (i) a cross-sectional area less than a cross-sectional area of the fluid treatment zone, and (ii) a largest diameter substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the at least one radiation source assembly.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and method for accomplishing fluid disinfection by passing fluid flow through a uniform array of ultraviolet lamps having cross sections perpendicular to the direction of fluid flow that define channels for the fluid flow. Positioned next to the end of each lamp at the entrance of the fluid flow are triangular shaped delta wings having surfaces inclined at an angle to the direction of fluid flow. The interaction of the fluid flow with each delta wing creates a pair of vortices that rotate in the same direction or in directions opposed to each other. The counter-rotating vortices reinforce each other to minimize dissipation of their mixing strength as they move down the channel. Due to these co-reinforcing properties these counter-rotating vortices more promote efficient mixing of the fluid which is required to achieve more efficient use of the light in the UV disinfection systems, along with heat and/or mass transfer in chemical reactions.

Abstract: A cleaning apparatus for a radiation source assembly in a fluid treatment system is described. The cleaning system comprises: a cleaning sleeve comprising a cleaning ring for engagement with a portion of the exterior of the radiation source assembly; a slidable member magnetically coupled to the cleaning sleeve, the slidable member being disposed on and slidable with respect to a rodless cylinder; and motive means to translate the slidable member along the rodless cylinder whereby the cleaning sleeve is translated over the exterior of the radiation source assembly. A radiation source module comprising the cleaning apparatus is also disclosed. The radiation source module is particularly useful for ultraviolet radiation of wastewater while having the advantages of in situ cleaning of the radiation source as when it becomes fouled.

Abstract: Turbulent mixing in a UV system is increased by positioning one or more ring-shaped devices, such as washers, at one or more predetermined locations on the exterior surface of each lamp unit in the system. The washers may have the same or different diameters. Turbulent mixing is also increased by retaining the upstream end of each lamp unit in a ring-shaped device, alone or in combination with washers positioned on each lamp unit exterior surface as described above.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling zebra mussels and other bivalves using UV light from a medium pressure UV lamp which is located in a chamber having therein water in which the bivalves are located. The medium pressure UV lamp provides an intensity of UV light measured at a wavelength of 254 nm of at least approximately 6830 .mu.W/cm.sup.2 in the water. The medium pressure UV lamp provides a dose of UV light measured at a wavelength of 254 nm of at least approximately 0.1 W.sec/cm.sup.2 in the water.

Abstract: Remote ballasting apparatus adapted for insertion between a high frequency power source and one or more gaseous discharge lamps. The ballasting apparatus includes an isolation transformer having a primary winding adapted for connection to the high frequency power source, a low capacitance power transmission line having an output end adapted for connection to the one or more gaseous discharge lamps, and current limiting means, such as an inductor or a capacitor or a series resonant circuit connected between the secondaries of the isolation transformer and the input end of the low capacitance power transmission line.

Abstract: A continuous process for treating a fluid comprising at least one chemical contaminant.

Abstract: A radiation sensor having structure to remove fouling materials includes a sensor housing, and radiation transmissive structure within the housing and including a portion to be exposed to a radiation source. A radiation sensor is provided for receiving radiation from the transmissive structure. Structure is also provided for removing materials fouling the portion of the radiation transmissive structure to be exposed to the radiation source.

Abstract: A fluid treatment device comprising a housing for receiving a flow of fluid, the housing comprising a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, a fluid treatment zone disposed between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, and at least one radiation source module disposed in the fluid treatment zone, the at least one radiation source module comprising a radiation source sealably connected to a leg, the leg sealably mounted to the housing, the radiation source being disposed substantially parallel to the flow of fluid. A method of treating a fluid in a housing comprising a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, a fluid treatment zone disposed between the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, the fluid treatment zone having at least one radiation source disposed therein is also described.