Abstract: Low-complexity wireless messaging procedures enable a prospective user device to select and make initial contact with a suitable base station in 5G or 6G networks. In some embodiments, the user device may transmit a short “hailing message”, on a frequency allocated for at-will messaging. The hailing message is configured to elicit a reply message from each base station within range. The base stations delay their responses by different amounts according to the amplitude of the as-received hailing message, the shortest delay for the strongest signal. Since the base station with highest received amplitude responds first, the user device can thereby select the first reply message and communicate with the base station having the best signal. The hailing message thereby enables the user device to select the most suitable base station, acquire its system information, and begin communications, while avoiding the time and complexity involved in searching for that information separately.

Abstract: Sidelink protocols enable user devices to rapidly find, make contact with, and continue communicating with other user devices. For example, vehicles in traffic can communicate on a low-complexity sidelink channel to cooperatively avoid collisions, saving countless lives. Disclosed protocols also enable mobile and IoT devices to form a self-organized temporary local network, independently of base stations. Example messages include a sidelink hailing message configured to discover other user devices, sidelink reply messages indicating the location or identity of each user device, sidelink semaphore messages indicating when each member enters and exits the temporary local network, and extremely fast low-latency emergency communication between vehicles. The disclosed low-complexity protocols may enable cost-constrained use cases that would remain unfeasible under 5G and 6G requirements, absent the systems and methods disclosed herein.

Abstract: Modulation schemes are disclosed that include one or more zero-power modulation states, in which the transmitter briefly emits zero or very low signal for one resource element of a message in 5G or 6G networking. In phase-modulated examples such as QPSK, an additional zero-power state can provide higher information density and shorter message sizes. In pulse-amplitude modulated schemes, the additional states can have zero power in one or both branches, thereby providing multiple additional modulation options. The receiver can readily detect and interpret the zero-power modulation states. Messages transmitted including the zero-power modulation states are generally shorter (in time or in bandwidth) due to the higher information density, and involve substantially lower energy expenditure because the message size is smaller, and because some of the states have zero or very low transmission power. Receivers also can benefit from the smaller size messages.

Abstract: Procedures are disclosed for alerting user devices in a 5G/6G network that they have an incoming message, and for enabling those user devices to request their messages in a low-complexity, resource-conserving manner. A user device that uses DRX (discontinuous reception) may be unavailable when a message arrives, in which case the base station may store the message. Periodically, the base station can transmit a polling message that indicates which of the user devices currently has a message on hold. In addition, the base station can allocate an uplink reply region in which those user devices can request their messages without contention. Various versions are disclosed, involving cascaded addressing, sectioning, modulation, and/or identification using network-assigned codes. The compact polling format may enable both small and large networks to accommodate DRX users, with minimal resource usage, according to some embodiments.

Abstract: In 5G/6G wireless networks, user devices and base stations may adjust their transmission power according to the distance to the recipient, and thereby provide sufficient reception without wasting energy or generating interference. User devices can determine their own location by GPS, for example, and transmit that data to the base station so that the base station can adjust its downlink power accordingly. Likewise. base stations can transmit their location coordinates to user devices in, for example, a system information message. Sidelink, or V2V and V2X, messages can likewise be power-adjusted after user devices exchange their location coordinates. Mobile user devices can also indicate their speed and direction of travel, so that the base station or other user devices can calculate the changing distance and compensate power accordingly.

Abstract: To send a message on a 5G or 6G network, a prospective user device must first perform a time-consuming and uncertain “blind search”, followed by a complex series of steps. Disclosed herein is a “network database”, a compendium of parameters about each base station, organized and searchable regionally, to simplify network access by providing the locations and connection information of base stations proximate to a prospective user before first contact. The database may be publicly accessible and downloadable for off-line use, and searchable by location to find the closest available base station. Compared with 5G/6G protocols, the network database may provide a simpler and quicker way to access local base stations. This is a great advantage in situations when even one-thousandth of a second can mean the difference between life and death, such as in roadway collision avoidance and harm minimization, and in situations involving V2X vehicle interconnectivity.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods for reducing delays and obtaining rapid uplink access in 5G and 6G, by transmitting pre-grant messages on a random access channel. In one version, a user transmitting an SR (scheduling request) message at a pre-assigned time may transmit a second message on a random access channel synchronized with the SR message. For example, the second message may be a BSR (size) message, thereby avoiding additional delays. In another version, the user may transmit a series of messages on the random access channel without waiting for an uplink grant, thereby reducing delays further. The methods can generally be implemented by software upgrades, a cost-saving advantage. AI (artificial intelligence) may be used to determine which users may transmit messages pre-grant, and on which random access channels.

Abstract: Low-complexity message formats and procedures are disclosed, greatly simplifying the task of user devices in recognizing downlink messages in 5G/6G. A user device, not requiring high performance or low latency, may request a “custom search-space” in which downlink messages may be transmitted by the base station, thereby greatly reducing the calculation overhead of the user device. In addition, message formats are disclosed that may enable rapid identification of relevant messages, and rejection of other messages, without performing a “blind search” and other arduous procedures. In addition, messaging protocols are disclosed that may avoid unnecessary control signaling, thereby saving time and energy. Low-cost wireless devices may be enabled by such low-complexity options in future wireless networks.

Abstract: Base stations and user devices can transmit 5G and 6G messages with a wide range of transmission power levels. Selecting the appropriate power level for each message is a complex problem, dependent on the distance to the recipient, the background noise and interference level, priority, and many other conflicting factors. To provide an objective recommendation of the transmitter power level, an artificial intelligence model may be trained, using actual network and message parameters, to accurately predict the subsequent network performance versus power level. Then, a practical algorithm may be derived from the trained AI model, and used by base stations and user devices to select an appropriate transmission power level according to current network conditions and message properties. Use of an appropriate transmission power level for each message may reduce message faults, enhance reliability, mitigate external noise and interference, and save energy especially for battery-operated user devices.

Abstract: In a 5G or 6G wireless network, a user device that wishes to transmit an uplink message must first transmit a scheduling request to the base station, generally in an allocated time-frequency region sized according to the number of user devices. In general, most of the user devices are not requesting access most of the time, and therefore most of the allocated region is blank. To reduce the amount of wasted resources, the base station can divide the user devices into sections, and allow the user devices to indicate which sections include at least one ready user device. Then, the base station can allocate a much smaller region containing only those indicated sections, and the ready user devices can send their requests in that smaller region. The base station can then determine which user devices request access, provide them with grants, and receive their messages.

Abstract: In a busy 5G/6G wireless network, message collisions may occur in which an “intruder” signal is transmitted at the same time as a “subject” message, rendering one or more of the subject message elements distorted. Modulation schemes are disclosed in which the corrupted message elements may be recovered, without requesting a retransmission. The modulation states have the property that, if two of the modulation states are combined by superposition, the resulting signal does not resemble any of the modulation states. Hence the receiver can determine, from the received signal, which message elements are collided, and can also identify the original modulation state of the subject message element in many cases. By replacing the collided message elements with the originally intended modulation state, the receiver may demodulate the subject message correctly while avoiding the delays and costs involved in requesting a retransmission, according to some embodiments.

Abstract: Methods for demodulating wireless messages in 5G and 6G include comparing signal parameters of the message to a demodulation reference that is placed in close proximity to the message. The demodulation reference and the message may be transmitted in a concatenated fashion on a series of subcarriers at a single symbol-time, or on a series of symbol-times at a single subcarrier. The receiver may measure and record waveform parameters of the message signal as it is received, for subsequent separation and demodulation of the various message elements. The message may be modulated using classical amplitude-phase modulation, or pulse-amplitude modulation, or other modulation scheme. In each version, the receiver can measure the wave properties (amplitude and phase, branch amplitudes, etc.) of the demodulation reference, and then compare the same parameters of the message elements, thereby demodulating the message regardless of the modulation scheme.

Abstract: Disclosed are procedures for measuring the modulation quality of each message resource element in a failed 5G or 6G communication, thereby revealing the most likely fault locations in the message. The types of modulation deviations in the low-quality message elements can provide further guidance as to the correct demodulation. In addition, after receiving a second copy, the copies can be merged by selecting the highest quality message elements from each version, where the quality is related to how far each message element's modulation deviates from the calibrated “states” of the modulation scheme. The receiver may also determine directional information based on the modulation of each message element, and may compare versions to determine the most likely correct state of each message element. Such strategies may directly recover the original message, or may greatly reduce the number of variations that need to be tested.

Abstract: In 5G/6G wireless networks, a user device and a base station may transmit and receive messages unidirectionally, using directional antennas, and may thereby provide sufficient reception while saving energy and time. A user device can determine its own location and the location of the base station, calculate an angle toward the base station, and thereby transmit a narrow-beam message to the base station. The message may indicate the user device's location so that the base station can direct its transmission and reception beam toward the user device. The user device and the base station can then transmit and receive messages unidirectionally for improved energy efficiency, improved reception, and reduced interference generation.

Abstract: Artificial intelligence procedures are disclosed for localizing faults in corrupted messages in 5G and 6G, and for correcting those faults based on measured parameters such as backgrounds and message signals according to pulse-amplitude modulation. An AI model with multiple adjustable variables may be “trained” using a large number of message events, including faulted messages, to determine which message elements are likely faulted, based on input parameters such as modulation quality, SNR, and other signal properties. The receiving entity can then attempt a grid search to correct the faulted message elements, or request a retransmission. For field use by base stations and user devices, an algorithm may be developed based on the AI model, and configured to predict which message elements are likely faulted. By detecting and correcting message faults, networks may increase reliability and reduce latency while avoiding most retransmission costs and delays, according to some embodiments.

Abstract: Artificial intelligence procedures are disclosed for localizing faults in corrupted messages in 5G and 6G, and for correcting those faults based on measured parameters such as backgrounds and message signals. Message faults can be caused by noise or interference from a variety of sources with a wide range of properties. An AI model with multiple adjustable variables may be “trained” using a large number of message events, including faulted messages, to determine which message elements are likely faulted, based on input parameters such as modulation quality, SNR, and other signal properties. The receiving entity can then attempt a grid search to correct the faulted message elements, or request a retransmission. For field use by base stations and user devices, an algorithm may be developed based on the AI model, and configured to predict which message elements are likely faulted.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods in 5G and 6G, for compensating frequency shifts caused by the relative motion of a transmitter and receiver. For communication between a mobile user device and a base station, protocols can provide that the messages received by the base station comply with a predetermined channel frequency. Further protocols can provide that a mobile user device may transmit and receive messages at the same frequency. For sidelink communication, protocols can provide that peer devices can either transmit or receive at a predetermined channel frequency, greatly assisting reception of the messages.

Abstract: Message failures due to noise and interference cause unnecessary delays and reduction in reliability in wireless networks. To detect, localize, and correct transmission faults in 5G and 6G networks, the receiver can measure the “modulation quality” of each message resource element modulated in PAM (pulse-amplitude modulation), according to how closely the amplitudes of the in-phase and quad-phase signal branches match the amplitude levels of the modulation scheme. If the message is faulted, the receiver can re-assign each message element with poor modulation quality to the adjacent states, or if necessary to each state in the modulation scheme, and may thereby find the correct message value in many cases. When implemented, message fault mitigation as disclosed herein can resolve message failures, improve communication reliability, reduce latency, and improve network operations overall, according to some embodiments.

Abstract: A wireless data message in 5G/6G generally includes the destination address (such as MAC address) encoded in a field of the data message. A base station must receive the data message and decode the address before the core network can deliver the message to the recipient's cell. For faster communication, certain address messages are disclosed, by which the destination address may be disclosed before the data message is uploaded. Early disclosure of the destination address may enable the core network to deliver the data message to the recipient with fewer delays. In various configurations, the destination address may be provided concurrently with a scheduling request, or combined with a BSR (size) message, or delivered on a random access channel, among other possibilities. For faster uploads, a pointer or code representing the destination address can be specified, resulting in further delay reductions.

Abstract: Message failures due to noise and interference cause unnecessary delays and reduction in reliability in wireless networks. To detect, localize, and correct transmission faults in 5G and 6G networks, the receiver can measure the “modulation quality” of each message reference element, according to how closely the amplitude and phase match the amplitude and phase levels of the modulation scheme. If the message is faulted, the receiver can re-assign each message element with poor modulation quality to the adjacent states, or if necessary to each state in the modulation scheme, and may thereby find the correct message value in many cases. Certain zones around each modulation state can indicate how the message element has been distorted by interference, and thereby indicate where to search for the correct state of that message element.