Abstract: The invention provides a polyester based on dimeric fatty acid, a glycol without hydrogen atoms at an alpha carbon atom in which a C3-C12 monoalcohol chainstopper is present and which contains approximately equivalent quantities of acid and alcohol groups. Preferably the dimer acid contains 36 carbon atoms and the monoalcohol is a branched chain C6-C10 alkanol. The invention also provides lubricant compositions comprising 30-2% (w.w.) of the polyester and 70-98% (w.w.) of an synthetic lubricant base.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel ethers and their use as aroma precursors. The ethers are derived from ionol and related compounds. These aroma precursors do not have a substantial aroma as such under ambient conditions, but will break up into a complex mixture having useful organoleptic properties under heating. The ethers are especially suitable for use in products which are heated, burned or smouldered in some stage of their use. The compounds according to the invention are especially suitable for application to tobacco. Mixtures obtained by degrading (e.g. by heating) the ethers according to the invention may be used in a flavouring or perfuming mixture as well due to their organoleptic properties.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the conversion of 8-hydroxymenthenes into 8-hydroxycymenes by treating the 8-hydroxymenthenes in the vapour phase with an alkaline dehydrogenation catalyst, e.g. palladium on an alkaline support. The process is carried out above 145.degree. C. The hydroxymenthene vapour is preferably passed through the catalyst system at a pressure below 8 kPa and/or with the aid of an inert gas or vapour. Oxygen may be present as a hydrogen acceptor. The process is particularly suitable for converting 8-hydroxy-p-menth-1-ene into 8-hydroxy-p-cymene. The reaction products are of value as intermediates in the preparation of musk fragrance chemicals.

Abstract: The invention concerns perfuming and protecting against microbial spoilage products, which are not intended for human or animal ingestion and which comprise at least 25% of water and 0-60% of a surface active material, by incorporating therein a preservative perfume. Preservative perfumes consist for at least 30% by weight of perfume ingredients which need at least 3 inoculations for failure in the individual challenge test. Preferred effective perfumes themselves need at least 5 inoculations for failure in the perfume challenge test.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for separating ketones from alcohols by chemical interaction. More specifically, a difference in chemical reactivity between ketones and alcohols with a third compound is used as a basis for the separation. The third compound in this case is an organo-metallic compound of the general formula M(X).sub.n. Herein is M a polyvalent metal atom, n equals the valence of the metal and X is an organic or inorganic group or atom, with the proviso that at least one organic group is present in the organo-metallic compounds according to the invention. If the ketone-alcohol mixture is subjected to the organo-metallic compounds according to the invention under suitable conditions, an exchange reaction between the alcohols and the groups X takes place, and the ketones can be isolated from the reaction mixture in a conventional way.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the isolation of hydroxy fatty acid derivatives from Convolvulaceae plants like Ipomoea batatas and Ipomoea orizabensis by extracting parts of said plants like leaves, stems, seeds and in particular roots and tubers thereof, with an organic solvent, removing the solvent for at least the main part from the extract, dispersing the obtained residue into water, subjecting the obtained dispersion to a single hydrolysis step and recovering the released hydroxy fatty acids, like 11-hydroxy palmitic acid and 3,11-hydroxy myristic acid from the aqueous dispersion by means of an extraction agent. The obtained hydroxy fatty acid may be used in the synthesis of specific organic compounds like lactones or in the preparation of products having purgative properties and of thickeners for lubricating greases respectively.

Abstract: The gene encoding an alpha-galactosidase from guar seed has been isolated and identified. It has been expressed in yeasts, e.g. Saccharomyces, Kluyveromyces and Hansenula, in bacteria, e.g. Bacillus, and in plants, e.g. Nicotiana. The resulting alpha-galactosidase is able to decrease the galactose content of galactomannans such a guar gum by splitting off 1-6 linked alpha-D-galactopyranosyl units attached to a main chain of 1-4 lined beta-mannopyranosyl units. Thus a commercially feasible process becomes available for producing alpha-galactosidases suitable for providing galactomannans having improved properties, which can meet the increasing demand for good quality polysaccharides. It has further been demonstrated that other alphagalactosidases, which show a positive immunological cross-reaction with an antibody raised against the alpha-galactosidase from guar, are also effective in decreasing the galactose content of galactomannans such as guar.

Abstract: The invention relates to products for flavouring purposes. The products according to the invention can be obtained from vegetable material. By applying an extraction step a fractionation product enriched in diterpenols is obtained. Due to their specific flavour and the fact that some heating is preferred for the most beneficial effect makes that the compounds according to the invention are especially useful for flavouring tobacco, tobacco products and tobacco substitutes of any kind.

Abstract: A fairly constant concentration of detergent product in the wash liquor in a dishwashing machine can be obtained by using a sachet containing 20-350 grams of both detergent powder and one or more solid detergent briquettes, the weight of each briquette being in the range 1-100 grams and the total weight of the briquettes being 10-200 grams. When applying this sachet the need for extra detergent dosing in between consecutive washes to compensate for the dilution effect of rinse water is eliminated. The sachet is especially useful in industrial ware washing machines.

Abstract: The invention concerns whippable non-dairy creams (NDC's) that contain 15-60% of fat, wherein the fat consists mainly of a liquid oil. The NDC's further contain 0.005-3.0 wt.% of a food-acceptable inorganic salt, preferably CaCl.sub.2.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for incorporating a perfume into a detergent product, wherein the perfume is first combined with one or more non-ionic emulsifiers and an aqueous phase to form a structured emulsion containing liquid crystal structures, which surround the dispersed perfume, and thereafter this structured emulsion is dispersed into a detergent composition. The invention also concerns the detergent products thus obtained. The structured emulsion comprises 1-30% by weight of non-ionic emulsifiers, 1-50% by weight of a perfume and 20-98% by weight of an aqueous phase. The detergent product comprises at least 4% by weight of surfactant.

Abstract: The characteristics of compacted sodium silicate, in particular the attrition resistance,are improved by contacting the material with water in an agitated bed. A preferred route for adding moisture is the use of steam which gives efficient distribution in the bed.

Abstract: Aroma and/or flavor materials for use in baking such as in making sourdough bread are produced by culturing lactic acid bacteria in an aqueous dispersion of an expanded, pregelatinized, starch-containing cereal adsorbent. The cereal adsorbent is obtained by extrusion of a cereal product under a pressure of less than 50 bar at a temperature of at least 150.degree. C. A 10 wt% dispersion of the cereal adsorbent has a viscosity at 25.degree. C. of about 30 to about 60 mPas. After culturing, a concentrate substantially free from insoluble matter is separated. The concentrate is separated by centrifugation into a cell concentrate and a clarified broth containing the aroma and/or flavor materials. The lactic acid bacteria are adsorbed in situ onto the cereal adsorbent during culturing. Insoluble residue separated after culturing contains supported lactic acid bacteria that can be used in making sourdough bread. If necessary, the supported bacteria can be dried for storage before use.

Abstract: A chromatographic test device for detecting the presence of an analyte in a liquid sample and incorporating at least two liquid-conductive zones (3, 4) which form separate liquid flow paths which deliver separate liquid streams to a region (8) in the test device during the test procedure, wherein control of the relative liquid flows in the separate flow paths is achieved, at least in part, by ensuring that at least one of the liquid flow paths is enhanced or made and/or broken or restricted during the course of the test procedure. Preferably such control is achieved by incorporating a liquid-swellable material (11) which is arranged to swell by contact with liquid sample and/or reagent and thereby to make or break contact between two liquid-conductive zones.

Abstract: There is provided a rechargeable dispenser device for a liquid detergent product, comprising a removable cartridge (1) and a housing which is provided with a dosing chamber (6) coupled to a pump (7) which is manually movable by way of a rack and pinion system (12) and the stroke of which can be adjusted, whereby the size and shape of the cartridge (1) are such that a pouch containing the liquid detergent product can be fixed into it and that the cartridge with pouch can be tightly fixed in the housing so as to ensure an open but non-leaking connection between the detergent in the pouch and the dosing chamber, by way of an output nozzle of the pouch. This dispenser is particularly useful for accurately dosing concentrated liquid detergent products intended for hard surface cleaning, for instance in excess water.

Abstract: The pourability of a substantially non-aqueous liquid detergent upon storage at low temperatures may be ascertained by incorporating into it a liquid nonionic surfactant blend essentially consisting of:(a) a narrow range linear chain alkyl ethoxylated alcohol containing an average of from about 5 to 7 ethylene oxide groups per molecule; and(b) an ethoxylated alcohol containing an average of from about 2 to 3 ethylene oxide groups per molecule, the weight ratio between (a) and (b) being in the range of from 9:1 to 1:9, whereby the average chain length ranges from 9 to 14 carbon atoms and the melting point of said blend is lower than 5.degree. C., preferably lower than 0.degree. C. This type of non-aqueous liquid detergent is particularly suitable for use in industrial washing machines.