Abstract: Agents that perturb the EGF signaling pathway and that are known to be useful in the treatment of cancer are found also to result in increased expression of the protein clusterin. Since clusterin can provide protection against apoptosis, this secondary effect detracts from the efficacy of the therapeutic agent. This is overcome using a combination of an agent that has known therapeutic efficacy against the cancer to be treated by perturbation of the EGF signaling pathway and that stimulates expression of clusterin as a secondary effect, and an oligonucleotide that is effective to reduce the amount of clusterin in cancer cells small molecule inhibitor of HER-2, an antisense oligonucleotide specific for HER-2, or a peptide agent capable of interfering with HER-2 protein. The oligonucleotide may be an antisense oligonucleotide or an RNAi oligonucleotide.

Abstract: A method of processing ions in a quadrupole rod set us provided. The method comprises a) establishing and maintaining a two-dimensional substantially quadrupole field for processing the ions, the field having a quadrupole harmonic with amplitude A2 and a selected higher order harmonic with amplitude Am wherein m is an integer greater than 2, and the magnitude of Am is greater than 0.

Abstract: A method and apparatus adjust pilot fuel injection timing in relation to a main fuel injection timing into a piston cylinder of an operating gaseous-fuelled direct injection internal combustion engine using high levels of EGR. A set of engine parameters are monitored which determine engine load and engine speed and an indicator of EGR concentration within the intake charge. Pilot fuel timing relative to main fuel injection timing is then adjusted according to the engine parameters. High levels of EGR are shown to be tolerated with relatively limited penalties in relation to other emissions typically found with high EGR by reducing the relative injection timing the pilot fuel as compared to main fuel injection timing.

Abstract: A mass spectrometer and a method of operating and building same is provided in which a hexapole component is deliberately added to a substantially quadrupole field. This can result in unwanted octopole and dipole fields also being added to the substantially quadrupole field. Modifications to the mass spectrometer as well as ways of operating the mass spectrometer are provided for dealing with the unwanted octopole and dipole fields.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for stimulating an immune response against a secreted enterohemorragic Escherichia coli (EHEC) antigen are disclosed. The compositions comprise EHEC cell culture supernatants.

Abstract: A method is provided for treating hormone-regulated tumors (for example, breast and prostatic tumors) in mammals, including humans, by administration of an antisense ODN which is complementary to a portion of the gene encoding IGFBP-5. Using the Shionogi tumor model in vitro and in vivo, the administration of such an ODN was shown to reduce proliferation of tumor cells, and also to delay the progression to androgen independence. Thus, treatment of prostate cancer in mammals, including humans, and delay of the progression of prostate tumors to androgen independence is accomplished by administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide which is complementary to a portion of the nucleic acid sequence encoding IGFBP-5 and which hybridizes with such a sequence to inhibit expression of IGFBP-5. Specific antisense ODN's which are suitable for use in the method are GACCACGCTGATCACCAT (Seq. ID. No.

Abstract: A hemi-bead microlens array is provided by forming a transparent seed structure on a transparent substrate then conformally coating the seed structure and the substrate with a transparent coating material having a high refractive index. The seed structure can be a plurality of transparent, high aspect ratio posts uniformly distributed on the substrate. Each post has a height approximately equal to a preselected height value H. Adjacent posts are separated by a distance approximately equal to 2H. The coating material is conformally deposited on the posts and substrate until, for substantially each post, the order of magnitude of the radius of curvature, r, of the coating, at an intersection of the coating on the post with a coated portion of the substrate, equals the order of magnitude of the molecular size of the coating material.

Abstract: Treatment of melanoma is achieved through reduction in the effective amount of clusterin in melanoma cells of in a mammalian subject, preferably a human. A therapeutic agent effective to reduce the effective amount of clusterin in the melanoma cells is administered to the subject. The therapeutic agent may be, for example, an antisense ODN or small inhibitory RNA (siRNA) compound targeted to clusterin. bcl-xL in a subject or cell line can also be regulated by administering to the subject or cell line an agent effective to modulate the amount of clusterin expression. In particular, in clusterin expressing cells, the expression of bcl-xL is down-regulated when the effective amount of clusterin is reduced. Such inhibition is significant because bcl-xL is known to act as an inhibitor of apoptosis.

Abstract: A method for the bleaching and brightness stabilization of lignocellulosic materials is described. The method involves the treatment of lignocellulosic materials, in particular, (a) wood pulps such as thermomechanical pulps (TMP) and chemithermomechanical pulps (CTMP), and (b) papers made from wood pulps, with a water-soluble phosphine or a phosphonium compound preferably containing at least one phosphorus hydroxyalkyl bond/linkage, for example a phosphorus hydroxymethyl bond/linkage (P—CH2OH). One example of such a water-soluble phosphine is the commercially available, tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine (THP), P(CH2OH)3. One example of such a phosphonium compound is the commercially available, tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC), [P(CH2OH)4]Cl.

Abstract: A brightness enhancement film having a monolayer of approximately hemispherical, transparent, closely packed larger diameter hemi-beads. Due to the hemi-beads' hemispherical shape, gaps remain between adjacent ones of the larger diameter hemi-beads. A substantial number of the gaps are provided with at least one approximately hemispherical, transparent hemi-bead having a diameter substantially less than the diameter of the larger diameter hemi-beads. Provision of smaller diameter hemi-beads within the gaps increases the film's reflectance value, such that the film's apparent brightness declines as a relatively smooth, continuous function of viewing angle, for viewing angles ranging from 0° (normal incidence) to about 40°, which is the preferred angular viewing range.

Abstract: The invention is generally related to the field of formulating medicaments in association with a solid support. Such formulations comprising photosensitizers, and their use in photodynamic therapy, are also provided. Methods for the production of the medicament formulations are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for triggering the delivery of an encapsulated therapeutic agent from a liposome are provided. Liposomes of opposite charge and incorporating lipids which favor non-lamellar structures are contacted in vivo. At least one of the liposome encapsulates at least one therapeutic drug or agent. Preferably, the liposomes have a fusogenic hydrophillic coating, such as PEG to control the rate of interaction of the liposomes and release of the therapeutic agent.

Abstract: A polypeptide, called Tir (for translocated intimin receptor, which is secreted by attaching and effacing pathogens, such as the enteropathogenic (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) E. coli. These bacterial pathogens inserts their own receptors into mammalian cell surfaces, to which the bacterial pathogen then adheres to trigger additional host signaling events and actin nucleation. Diagnosis of disease caused by pathogenic E. coli can be performed by the use of antibodies which bind to Tir to detect the protein or the use of nucleic acid probes for detection of nucleic acids encoding Tir polypeptide. Isolated nucleic acid sequences encoding Tir polypeptide, Tir peptides, a recombinant method for producing recombinant Tir, antibodies which bind to Tir, and a kit for the detection of Tir-producing E. coli are provided. A method of immunizing a host with Tir to induce a protective immune response to Tir or a second polypeptide of interest is also provided.

Abstract: A polypeptide, called Tir (for translocated intimin receptor, which is secreted by attaching and effacing pathogens, such as the enteropathogenic (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) E. coli. These bacterial pathogens inserts their own receptors into mammalian cell surfaces, to which the bacterial pathogen then adheres to trigger additional host signaling events and actin nucleation. Diagnosis of disease caused by pathogenic E. coli can be performed by the use of antibodies which bind to Tir to detect the protein or the use of nucleic acid probes for detection of nucleic acids encoding Tir polypeptide. Isolated nucleic acid sequences encoding Tir polypeptide, Tir peptides, a recombinant method for producing recombinant Tir, antibodies which bind to Tir, and a kit for the detection of Tir-producing E. coli are provided. A method of immunizing a host with Tir to induce a protective immune response to Tir or a second polypeptide of interst is also provided.

Abstract: A polypeptide, called Tir (for translocated intimin receptor, which is secreted by attaching and effacing pathogens, such as the enteropathogenic (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) E. coli. These bacterial pathogens inserts their own receptors into mammalian cell surfaces, to which the bacterial pathogen then adheres to trigger additional host signaling events and actin nucleation. Diagnosis of disease caused by pathogenic E. coli can be performed by the use of antibodies which bind to Tir to detect the protein or the use of nucleic acid probes for detection of nucleic acids encoding Tir polypeptide. Isolated nucleic acid sequences encoding Tir polypeptide, Tir peptides, a recombinant method for producing recombinant Tir, antibodies which bind to Tir, and a kit for the detection of Tir-producing E. coli are provided. A method of immunizing a host with Tir to induce a protective immune response to Tir or a second polypeptide of interest is also provided.

Abstract: Nucleic acid sequence capable of regulating transcription during embryogenesis in plants is provided. This sequence may be used in transgenic plants to promote high levels of expression of foreign and endogenous genes in developing seeds to affect seed lipid metabolism, protein or carbohydrate composition and accumulation, or seed development. In addition, these sequences may be useful for the production of modified seed containing novel recombinant proteins which have pharmaceutical, industrial or nutritional value, or novel products like plastics.

Abstract: Novel lipid-nucleic acid particulate complexes which are useful for in vitro or in vivo gene transfer are described. The particles can be formed using either detergent dialysis methods or methods which utilize organic solvents. Upon removal of a solubilizing component (i.e., detergent or an organic solvent) the lipid-nucleic acid complexes form particles wherein the nucleic acid is serum-stable and is protected from degradation. The particles thus formed have access to extravascular sites and target cell populations and are suitable for the therapeutic delivery of nucleic acids.

Abstract: A display has a screen which incorporates a light modulator. The screen may be a front projection screen or a rear-projection screen. Elements of the light modulator may be controlled to adjust the intensity of light emanating from corresponding areas on the screen. The display may provide a high dynamic range.

Abstract: A multivalent cationic lipid having a positively-charged head group including two quaternary amine groups and a hydrophobic portion including four hydrocarbon chains, which may be the same or different and which are optionally substituted alkyl and alkenyl groups, two alkyl chains attached to each of the two quaternary amine groups can be used for the introduction of polyanionic materials such a nucleic acid polymers into cells. Specific cationic lipids are N,N,N?,N?-tetraoleyl-N-N?-dimethyl-1,3-propanediammonium chloride and N,N,N?,N?-tetraoleyl-N-N?-dimethyl-1,6-hexanediammonium chloride.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for improving the integrity of body passageways following surgery or injury. Representative examples of therapeutic agents include microtubule stabilizing agents, fibrosis inducers, angiogenic factors, growth factors and cytokines and other factors involved in the wound healing or fibrosis cascade.