Abstract: A method and system for synthesising a terrain are provided. The method includes: providing access to multiple exemplar terrain templates and generating a working terrain image with target terrain dimensions and an associated working terrain height image. Generating the working terrain image includes sampling a plurality of the exemplar terrain templates for addition of the templates to the working terrain image, and performing image synthesis to improve the working terrain image including height matching the exemplar terrain samples. The method enables control of modification of the working terrain image by applying user-defined constraints to modify the synthesised terrain. The method outputs the working terrain image as a synthesised terrain in the form of a height-field.

Abstract: Compounds, including quinoxaline derivatives of formula I, for use in the treatment of cancer are described. In general, the compounds inhibit the import of proteins and transcription factors such as Kpn?, AP-1, P65, NFAT into the nucleus of a cell by inhibiting the nuclear import protein, Kpn?1. Cancer cells have elevated levels of Kpn?1 and the inhibition of their nuclear import activity induces cell apoptosis. The administration of an effective amount of any one of the compounds results in cell apoptosis in cancer cells, while non-cancer cells are substantially unaffected by the inhibition of Kpn?1's nuclear import activity.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for synthesising a compound of formula V wherein: n is 0, 1 or 2; and R is H or or a physiologically acceptable salt, tautomer, stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof. The process utilizes a N-benzyl protected histidine rather than the unprotected form of histidine. The process of the invention comprises the steps of: (a) deprotecting a N-benzyl protected histidine of formula 11 to form N-benzyl histidine of formula 12; (b) converting compound 12 to (S)-3-(1-benzyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-2-(dimethylamino)propanoic acid of formula 13; (c) converting compound 13 to (2S)-N,N,N-2-trimethylethanaminium-3-(1-benzyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid of formula 14; (d) brominating the imidazole ring of the compound of formula 14 to form 5-bromohercynine lactone (reactive intermediate); and (e) converting the 5-bromohercynine lactone of step (d) to (?-amino-?-carboxyethyl)ergothioneine sulfide of formula 15.

Abstract: Transport distraction apparatus for performing transport distraction osteogenesis is provided which includes a track capable of being formed into a curvilinear shape with a carriage movable longitudinally along the track. The carriage has a fixation plate secured or securable to it and at least one gear for moving the carriage along the track in order to adjust its position relative to the length of the track. The track has a series of formations extending along one edge of the track and engaged by the gear which is at least partially accommodated within a space between a plane including the front face of the track and a plane including the rear face of the track. Preferably, the apparatus creates a gap between a central region of the track and a patient's bone in use. A fixation plate is also provided.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for synthesising a compound of formula V wherein: n is 0, 1 or 2; and R is H or or a physiologically acceptable salt, tautomer, stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof. The process utilizes a N-benzyl protected histidine rather than the unprotected form of histidine. The process of the invention comprises the steps of: (a) deprotecting a N-benzyl protected histidine of formula 11 to form N-benzyl histidine of formula 12; (b) converting compound 12 to (S)-3-(1-benzyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)-2-(dimethylamino)propanoic acid of formula 13; (c) converting compound 13 to (2S)-N,N,N-2-trimethylethanaminium-3-(1-benzyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid of formula 14; (d) brominating the imidazole ring of the compound of formula 14 to form 5-bromohercynine lactone (reactive intermediate); and (e) converting the 5-bromohercynine lactone of step (d) to (6-amino-6-carboxyethyl)ergothioneine sulfide of formula 15.

Abstract: The present invention relates to abiotic stress-inducible derivative promoters from Xerophyta viscosa, nucleotide cassettes, recombinant vectors, cells and transgenic plants containing the promoter in operable linkage with a heterologous transcribable DNA sequence.

Abstract: This invention relates to a chimaeric human papillomavirus (HPV) virus like particle (VLP) having a diameter of about 30 nm. The invention further relates to methods of treatment and/or prophylaxis of HPV infection and/or cervical cancer by administration of the chimaeric HPV VLP of the invention to a subject.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of classification of cancer type or subtype in a subject by detecting glycosyltransferase gene expression in a sample from the subject. In particular, where the method is for classification of cancer subtype in the subject the glycosyltransferase genes may be survival associated glycosyltransferase genes. The invention further relates to a kit comprising glycosyltransferase gene biomarkers for use with the method, and a method of treatment of cancer in a subject with the use of the method or kit of the invention.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for conducting electromyography of a deep muscle non-invasively are provided. An array of suitable surface electromyography electrodes is arranged in one or more rings encircling a part of the human body in which a deep muscle being investigated is located. The potential of at least selected electrodes relative to another electrode selected from a common reference electrode (mono-polar) and other electrodes (bi-polar) in the array is recorded and the data is processed in respect of the recorded potentials of at least some of said selected electrodes in order to determine (optionally using approximations or algorithms, or both) the contribution being made by at least the deep muscle being investigated. Typically, this is done mathematically by resolving the electromyography signals into their constituent components using a suitable technique.

Abstract: The present invention relates to Surfactant Protein D (SP-D) or nucleic acids encoding SP-D or variants thereof such as surfactant protein A or mannan binding lectin for use in the treatment and/or prevention of a parasitic infection. Methods for determining the presence of a parasitic infection by determining levels of SP-D in a sample are also disclosed. Also disclosed are helminths for treating allergy, inflammation or infection.

Abstract: An aptamer-based SERS detection technique that directly monitors an aptamer-analyte capture event by generating spectroscopic information regarding the identity of the analyte that has been bound to the aptamer from a complex biological sample. A reproducible SERS spectrum is measured for an aptamer-analyte complex formed on a metal surface and this spectral information is used directly to identify the specific aptamer-analyte complex and optionally also to quantify the analyte in the sample, thus enabling discrimination between true and false positives in quantitative analyte assays on complex biological samples. In one embodiment the aptamer is attached directly to the metal surface and surrounded by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of amphiphilic molecules. In an alternative embodiment the metal surface is coated with a SAM and the aptamer is attached to the amphiphilic molecules of the SAM.

Abstract: Systems and methods for injecting power into or extracting power out of a power network are provided. In a method, Thevenin parameters, in the form of at least a Thevenin voltage and a Thevenin resistance, of an equivalent Thevenin circuit are obtained with respect to each wire of the PCC. A total Thevenin power for all the wires is obtained, based on a specific amount of power at the PCC and the obtained Thevenin parameters. The method calculates an optimal current to be injected into or extracted from the PCC so as to inject or extract a specific amount of power. The calculation is based on the total Thevenin power and the Thevenin parameters. The method controls an injection or extraction of current at the PCC in accordance with the optimal current.

Abstract: A knee prosthesis is provided having a femoral component (1) with a pair of laterally spaced condylar formations (2) at one end, and a tibial component (3) having a transverse platform (4) supporting a shock absorbing bumper (5) interposed between the platform and condylar formations with the tibial component supporting a ball (6) of a ball and socket joint. The socket (8) is provided in a generally cylindrical bearing (9) having an axis extending generally parallel to a longitudinal axis of the femoral component. The bearing is held captive in a recess that is between the two laterally spaced condylar formations and is formed in the region of said end of the femoral component. The axis of the bearing is preferably inclined laterally at an angle of about 5° relative to the axis of the femoral component so that it is able to line up with a mechanical axis of a lower limb.

Abstract: An endoprosthesis is proved which includes an elongate housing having a drive secured through a threaded drive shaft to an extension shaft therein, the drive operable to cause the extension shaft to move axially with respect to the body, and the extension shaft and housing configured to be securable to a bone to act as a prosthetic replacement for removed bone. An operating system for the endoprosthesis is also provided.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a use of aminopyrazine derivatives in the manufacture of a medicament for preventing or treating malaria. Specifically, the present invention is related to aminopyrazine derivatives useful for the preparation of a pharmaceutical formulation for the inhibition of malaria parasite proliferation.

Abstract: A symbiotic radar and communication system is disclosed. The system includes a plurality of base stations in communication with a wider communication network, each base station being configured to transmit and receive communication signals to and from a plurality of user terminals. The system performs communication data processing and radar data processing on received signals so that target object reflections contained therein can be resolved. Preferably, initial radar data processing is performed at each base station which embeds time and position information into the data and communicates it to a central radar server, the central server combining the received data from several of the base stations into a single range resolution profile.

Abstract: An anatomical support is provided for facilitating the medical imaging of a patient's hip, leg or knee. The anatomical support has an operatively horizontal pelvis support panel to one edge of which is attached an edge of a thigh locating panel by a hinged attachment and that has attached to an opposite edge thereof by another hinged attachment, a calf or foot support panel. The pelvis support panel has anchorage attachments for a pelvis restraint, and the thigh locating panel has anchorage attachments for a thigh restraint. Locking means are provided for locking the calf or foot support panel in adjustable positions in which it is generally parallel to the pelvis support panel but horizontally displaced therefrom. At least appropriate areas of the calf or foot support panel, the thigh locating panel and the pelvis support panel are made of radiolucent material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing an influenza virus H5 polypeptide in a plant comprising the steps of cloning an influenza H5 gene or nucleic acid encoding its functional equivalent into a vector adapted to target components present in the plant, infiltrating at least a portion of the plant with the vector or transforming plant tissue with the vector so as to transiently express the influenza virus H5 polypeptide, and/or to create a transgenic plant; and recover the influenza virus H5 polypeptide expressed by the plant. The invention further relates to vectors, transgenic plants or parts thereof and the progeny of such plants used in or which come about as a result of the method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a crystal. In particular the present invention relates to a crystal of the N-domain of ACE protein. The present invention also relates to methods, processes, domain specific modulators, pharmaceutical compositions and uses of the N-domain crystal and the structure co-ordinates thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to a chimaeric human papillomavirus (HPV) virus like particle (VLP) having a diameter of about 30 nm. The invention further relates to methods of treatment and/or prophylaxis of HPV infection and/or cervical cancer by administration of the chimaeric HPV VLP of the invention to a subject.