Abstract: A micro electromechanical (MEMS) antenna (36) is positioned on one side of a substrate and is connected to a MEMS switch comprising a capacitor bridge (46) and to a transmission line (42) by means of a thru hole or via (48) which forms an electrically conducting path through the substrate. This arrangement provides a common ground plane for the antenna and switch and shields the switch from the electromagnetic radiation received or transmitted from the antenna. The switch may comprise a topmost metal layer which extends across a bridge structure formed by a polymer layer (19). The polymer layer comprises poly-monochloro-para-xylene (parylene-C). Homogeneous or heterogeneous antenna array structures are implemented. The antenna arrays may include one or more different type of antennas with for example different shapes, rotations and reflections.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, computer program, system and device for measuring oscillatory motion comprising: receiving a plurality of signals related to a plurality of measurements of a direction of a vector parameter (at-1, at); determining a predominant measured direction of the vector parameter (?t) based on the plurality of measurements of the direction of the vector parameter; determining an angle of rotation (?t) between: a measured direction of the vector parameter (at) of one of the plurality of measurements of the direction of the vector parameter, and the predominant measured direction of the vector parameter (?t).

Abstract: A command interface of a machine including a plurality of different control elements each of which generates a different control command when actuated by a user, wherein the plurality of control elements are arranged for actuation by a user and are categorized into different groups including: a first group of control elements including control elements that are most similar, according to a first similarity criterion, to a target control element specified by the user in a prior request; and a second group of control elements including a first additional control element that is dissimilar, according to the first similarity criterion, to the target control element specified by the user in the prior request, and that, when actuated by a user, specifies in a new request the first additional control element as a target control element.

Abstract: A detection system for use with a communications system and an associated communication systems, methods, portable electronics devices and geolocation and/or reporting devices, the detection system having at least one radiation detector for receiving a radiation signal, wherein the at least one radiation detector includes a plurality of sensing elements, and the detection system is configured to detect the radiation signal using differing subsets of sensing elements at differing times and determine data encoded in the radiation signal based on the radiation detected by the different subsets of sensing elements.

Abstract: Pluripotent cells are derived and maintained in a self-renewing state in serum-free culture medium comprising a MEK inhibitor, a GSK3 inhibitor and an antagonist of an FGF receptor.

Abstract: A computer system for modelling and controlling a hydrocarbon reservoir through management of fluid flow at individual wells. The computer system has program instructions which operate a computer model which uses oilfield production data to provide a model of future production. The model comprises an optimal regression model which represents injector and producer wells whose fluid flow characteristics are highly correlated with the fluid flow characteristics of the well of interest; the application of parsimonious information criterion techniques to identify well pairs that statistically contribute information to the optimal regression model; and a statistical reservoir model comprising the product of the optimal regression model and a significance matrix. The system is also provided with control means, responsive to the output of the computer model in order to control wells in the hydrocarbon reservoir.

Abstract: The invention provides a cationic lipid comprising: (i) one head group, comprising one or more amino acids, in which at least one amino acid has a side chain that comprises a cationic moiety or a cationic precursor; (ii) a linking moiety of formula (5): —(HNR5)2NC(O)R3C(O)—??(5), wherein: each R5 is independently an optionally substituted C1-4 alkylene moiety; and R3 is an optionally substituted alkylene or alkenylene moiety; and (iii) two lipophilic moieties, wherein the head group and each of the lipophilic moieties are connected to the linking moiety through amide linkages.

Abstract: The present invention pertains generally to the field of therapeutic compounds. More specifically the present invention pertains to certain amido-thiophene compounds that, inter alia, inhibit 11?-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11?-HSD1). The present invention also pertains to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, and the use of such compounds and compositions, both in vitro and in vivo, to inhibit 11?-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1; to treat disorders that are ameliorated by the inhibition of 11?-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1; to treat the metabolic syndrome, which includes disorders such as type 2 diabetes and obesity, and associated disorders including insulin resistance, hypertension, lipid disorders and cardiovascular disorders such as ischaemic (coronary) heart disease; to treat CNS disorders such as mild cognitive impairment and early dementia, including Alzheimer's disease; etc.

Abstract: A system for testing visual fields comprising a display for presenting a visual stimulus and an eye tracker for tracking movement of at least one of a patient's eyes to determine its position in three dimensions without requiring the patient to wear any tracking equipment. A computer controls the position of the stimulus on the display and causes it to move by an amount that is a function of the tracked three-dimensional position of the patient's eye and a visual field position that is to be tested. Changes to the position of the stimulus and any corresponding tracked eye movement are used to assess the patient's visual field.

Abstract: The present invention pertains generally to the field of therapeutic compounds. More specifically the present invention pertains to certain amido-thiophene compounds that, inter alia, inhibit 11?-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11?-HSD1). The present invention also pertains to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, and the use of such compounds and compositions, both in vitro and in vivo, to inhibit 11?-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1; to treat disorders that are ameliorated by the inhibition of 11?-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1; to treat the metabolic syndrome, which includes disorders such as type 2 diabetes and obesity, and associated disorders including insulin resistance, hypertension, lipid disorders and cardiovascular disorders such as ischaemic (coronary) heart disease; to treat CNS disorders such as mild cognitive impairment and early dementia, including Alzheimer's disease; etc.

Abstract: A testing apparatus for testing a user's sustained attention comprises at least one stimulus-provider and a controller for controlling the stimulus-provider to provide at least one target stimulus, wherein the controller is configured to perform at least one operating procedure and the or each operating procedure comprises controlling the stimulus-provider to provide a sequence of target stimuli to the user.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for communicating information by: dividing the information into at least a first information portion and a second information portion; modulating a plurality of domain resources to encode the first information using an index or grammar; and encoding the second information by modulation of domain resources. Optionally, the plurality of domain resources may be modulated to encode the first information by allocating at least two different modulation types to a plurality of sub-carriers. The modulation type is allocated to domain resources according to the index or grammar, which applies meaning to which modulation type is allocated to which domain resource. The modulation may include encoding part of the first information portion using one or more domain resources of a first domain and another part of the first information portion using one or more domain resources of a second domain.

Abstract: Methods for differentiating primate pluripotent stem cells into hepatocyte-lineage cells are provided. In certain embodiments, the methods utilize sequential culturing of the primate pluripotent stem cells in certain growth factors to produce hepatocyte-lineage cells. In certain embodiments, the population of cells produced by the methods is further enriched for hepatocyte-lineage cells.

Abstract: A method for remediating land contaminated by a combustible material, in particular, land contaminated with non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs), which includes the steps of locating a subterranean volume of combustible material such as a DNAPL in land to be remediated, and igniting the combustible material to combust the material and thereby remediate the land. By monitoring combustion of the material, combustion may be optimised by, for example, supplying an oxidant or a combustion suppressant.

Abstract: A method of operating a mobile telecommunications system having a base station, a plurality of users and a plurality of spectral resource blocks, some of which are not allocated to users. The method includes, (a) for each user, assigning a score to each resource block based on the energy efficiency with which the user can use the resource block, and determining which of the plurality of resource blocks is favored, i.e. has a score indicating that it will be the most energy efficient for the user. For each user, either (b) if the user's favored resource block is not allocated, and is not favored by any other user, that resource block is allocated to that user; or (c) in the event that the same resource block is favored by more than one user, it is allocated to the user who will use it with the greatest energy efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for identifying whether or not a patient has, or is at risk of developing drug induced organ damage and methods of treating patients having drug induced organ damage. In particular, the invention relates to a method for identifying whether or not a patent has, or is at risk of developing paracetamol induced liver damage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrode assembly having a laminate structure comprising: a first insulating capping layer; a first conducting layer capped by the first insulating capping layer and substantially sandwiched by at least the first insulating capping layer such as to leave exposed only an electrical contact lip of the first conducting layer; and an array of etched voids extending through at least the first insulating capping layer and the first conducting layer, wherein each void is partly bound by a surface of the first conducting layer which acts as an internal submicron electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of isolating fragments of nucleic acid according to the density of CpG dinucleotides and subsequent procedures for producing a library and/or an array or microarray of these fragments, as well as uses thereof.

Abstract: A capacitive switch for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) comprises a topmost metal plate which extends across a bridge structure formed by a polymer layer. The polymer layer comprises poly-monochoro-para-xylene (parylene-C). The space below the polymer layer contains the second plate on a substrate. Using parylene as the primary bridge material makes the bridge of the MEMS device very flexible and requires a relatively low actuation voltage to pull the bridge down and lower power is required to control the MEMS device.

Abstract: A spatial modulation method and transmitting and receiving apparatuses using the spatial modulation method in a MIMO system are provided. The spatial modulation method uses an index of an activated antenna and a signal modulation constellation as an information source. The spatial modulation method is applied to the transmitting apparatus. The receiving apparatus uses a spatial modulation detection method in which a channel path gain is repeatedly multiplied to detect the spatially modulated signal efficiently.