Abstract: An optical fiber, such as in some instances a high-power, diode-pumped, dual-clad, ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier (YDFAs), having a fundamental mode and at least one higher order mode, wherein the higher order mode or modes have mode areas that are substantially larger than a mode area of the fundamental mode.

Abstract: A high numerical aperture opto-mechanical scanner for writing refractive index modifications includes a fast axis scanner having a fast scanning axis. A waveform generator is electrically coupled to the fast axis scanner, and a waveform is provided by the waveform generator which defines a fast scan of the fast axis scanner. A scanning lens assembly is mechanically coupled to the fast axis scanner, the scanning lens assembly having a NA greater than 0.5 and a scanning lens motion along the fast scanning axis. A femtosecond laser is optically coupled through the scanning lens assembly to a surface of a material, creating a femtosecond laser light scanning pattern to write the refractive index modifications into the material. A method for writing refractive index modifications using a high numerical aperture opto-mechanical scanner is also described.

Abstract: Systems and methods for assessing multi-layer structures in which a spectrum array is generated from low coherence interferometry and input into a statistical estimator, which determines the thickness and layer number based on the inputted spectrum and other information, including information about a source intensity noise, Poisson noise, and dark noise associated with the low coherence interferometry.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for spectral narrowing and wavelength stabilization of broad-area lasers, such as an apparatus including a broad-area laser source configured to emit light along an emission axis in an emission pattern extending along the emission axis, and a single-mode fiber Bragg grating, such as a single-mode core incorporating a fiber Bragg grating embedded in a core of a dual-clad fiber, the single-mode fiber Bragg grating configured to spectrally selectively reflect back light from a sub-aperture portion of the emitted light to the broad-area laser source. The single mode core having the FBG is off-axis in comparison to the central axis of the double-clad fiber and allows for frequency stabilization of the broad area laser diode output improving its performance as pump laser for a doped fiber amplifier.

Abstract: Provided herein, inter alia, are methods and compositions directed to suppressing tumor cell growth in a subject as well as methods for sensitizing a proliferating cell for treatment with a cytotoxic agent via inhibiting expression of HE4 and one or more immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Also provided herein are methods for determining whether a subject who has been diagnosed with cancer would benefit from immunotherapy as well as methods for determining whether a subject with cancer is responding to immunotherapy via assessment of levels of HE4 gene and/or protein expression.

Abstract: Described are shape-memory polymers that have a branched or telechelic prepolymer having a low polydispersity crosslinked with a stoichiometric amount of a multifunctional crosslinker. Also described are methods of making shape-memory polymers by crosslinking a stoichiometric amount of a multifunctional crosslinker with a branched or telechelic prepolymer having a low polydispersity. Methods of measuring the energy storage capacity of a shape-memory polymer are also disclosed.

Abstract: A near eye display includes at least one of a combiner, a secondary mirror, and a waveguide having a freeform nanostructured surface. The freeform nanostructured surface encompasses a freeform surface, a nanostructured surface or a combination of both the freeform surface and the nanostructured surface. The freeform nanostructured surface can be incorporated into a combiner or a secondary mirror in the near eye display in a compact folded geometry, wherein an anamorphic or freeform optic can be optically intermediate an image source and the freeform nanostructured surface. The nanostructured surface can include a meta-grating operable across the visible spectrum. The meta-grating includes meta-atoms configured to provide a given efficiency at the desired wavelengths in reflection.

Abstract: The present disclosure is generally related to capturing a scene and projecting a virtual window to one or more observers. A virtual window may mimic the experience a viewer has when looking through a real window. In some embodiments, for a single observer looking at a digital display or digital screen, a head-tracking camera on the same side of the screen as the observer can determine the position of the observer relative to the screen. The camera may be a 3D camera, stereoscopic camera, a wide angle lens camera, or an array of cameras (e.g., two or more). A camera on the other side of the screen can then image the view on the other side observer is relative to the window of the screen and software can determine the correct portion of the view that should be displayed on the screen to the observer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to synthetic lung surfactant compositions that include a novel surface active peptide and a phospholipid, including phospholipase-resistant phospho-glycerol derivatives, phospholipase-resistant phospho-choline derivatives, naturally occurring phospholipids, or a combination thereof. Uses of the surfactant compositions of the present invention to treat endogenous surfactant dysfunctional or deficient lung tissue and to deliver therapeutic agents are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions and methods for preventing or treating arenavirus related diseases and disorders through the administration to a subject in need thereof a live-attenuated virus (LAV), wherein the LAV is a codon deoptimized (CD) arenavirus.

Abstract: A distal biceps tendon repair device is disclosed. The device allows for anatomically correct biceps tendon repair using a single incision anterior approach without the risk associated with a double incision posterior approach. The distal biceps tendon repair device eliminates the necessity of cutting supinator muscle and greatly reduces the risk of contact or damage to vital structures such as arteries or nerves. The device has a bone drill guide mechanically coupled to a cannulated bone hook. A retrieval wire passes through the cannulated bone hook to grasp a suture or suture guide that has passed through a cannulated drill bit retained by the bone drill guide, the retrieval wore brings the suture through the cannulated hone hook, thus bringing the suture through and around the hone for subsequent anatomically correct attachment and placement of sutures used to reattach the distal biceps tendon to the bone.

Abstract: An energy efficient rapid single flux quantum (ERSFQ) logic register wheel includes a circular shift register having a plurality of destructive read out (DRO) cells. Each entry of the circular shift register includes a data block, a tag, and a valid bit. A compare and control logic is coupled to the circular shift register to compare a source specifier or a destination register specifier against a register tag stored in the wheel following each cycle of the register wheel. At least one or more read ports and at least one or more write ports are coupled to the circular shift register to write to or to read from a different entry each in the register wheel following each cycle of the register wheel. A RSFQ clearable FIFO with flushing and a crosspoint memory topology for integrating MRAM devices with ERSFQ circuits are also described.

Abstract: Provided herein are attenuated influenza viruses and methods of making attenuated influenza viruses.

Abstract: A method for imaging vertebrate translucent retinal structures includes imaging a translucent retinal structure at a first imaging plane in the retina with a light source focused at such first imaging plane, and detecting reflected light with a non-confocal off-axis detector, wherein the detector is axially displaced from a plane conjugate to the first imaging plane to a plane conjugate to a reflective layer deeper in the retina along a path of illumination from the light source. The method may employ scanning ophthalmic instruments, and enables an enhancement in contrast and collected intensity by axially displacing the image detector away from the object of interest to positions closer to conjugate to layers of strong retinal reflection, like the photoreceptors or the interface between the choroid and the sclera, that act as a diffusive screen.

Abstract: An optical device comprising an optical hydrogel with select regions that have been irradiated with laser light having a pulse energy from 0.01 nJ to 50 nJ and a wavelength from 600 nm to 900 nm. The irradiated regions are characterized by a positive change in refractive index of from 0.01 to 0.06, and exhibit little or no scattering loss. The optical hydrogel is prepared with a hydrophilic monomer.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for generating macrocyclic peptides constrained by side-chain-to-C-terminus non-peptidic tethers for use as functional and structural mimics of ?-helical motifs, including in therapeutic applications. These methods can be used to produce libraries of conformationally constrained peptidomimetics to identify compounds with desired activity properties.

Abstract: Presented is a method and apparatus for solving. The method includes receiving, by a resistive memory array, a first data, the resistive memory array comprising a plurality of cells, wherein the receiving comprises setting a plurality of resistances on the plurality of cells, wherein each of the plurality of resistances are based on the first data. The method further includes receiving, by the resistive memory array, a second data, wherein the receiving comprises applying at least one of a current and a voltage based on the second data on the plurality of cells. The method still further includes determining, by the resistive memory array, an initial unknown value, the initial value based on the first data and the second data.

Abstract: A system for displaying one or more images in three dimensions. The system has a three dimensional illumination volume containing a gas that emits one or more types of visible light when at certain multi-photon excited states. The system includes lasers (e.g. lasers with beams outside of the visible wavelengths) that can be directed to intersect in the illumination volume to excite particles of the gas to a multi-photon excited state to emit visible light. Scanning the beam intersection (or multiple beam intersections) through the illumination volume generates three dimensional images.

Abstract: The present application relates to a non-human mammal model of a human neurodegenerative disorder, methods of producing the non-human mammal model, and methods of using the non-human mammal model to identify agents suitable for treating a neurodegenerative disorder. The present application also relates to methods of treating neurodegenerative disorders and restoring normal brain interstitial potassium levels.

Abstract: A method for providing vision correction to a patient. The method includes: (a) measuring the degree of vision correction needed by the patient and determining the location and shape of refractive structures that need to be positioned within the cornea to partially correct a patient's vision; (b) directing and focusing femtosecond laser pulses in the blue spectral region within the cornea at an intensity high enough to change the refractive index of the cornea within a focal region, but not high enough to damage the cornea or to affect cornea tissue outside of the focal region; and (c) scanning the laser pulses across a volume of the cornea or the lens to provide the focal region with refractive structures in the cornea or the lens. Again, the refractive structures are characterized by a change in refractive index, and exhibit little or no scattering loss.