Abstract: A process for the isomerization of C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 paraffins that uses a highly active catalyst to isomerize the feed in the presence of very little hydrogen. The process is characterized by good stability and high conversion with effluent hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratios of 0.05 or less. Continued operation at low hydrogen concentrations is made possible by the remarkably low coking tendency of the catalyst, especially during periods of temporary sulfur deactivation. The low hydrogen to hydrocarbon ratio simplifies the process and makes it cheaper to operate by eliminating facilities for the recovery and recycle of hydrogen.

Abstract: N,N'-disubstituted diamines are effective curing agents in combination with other polyamines and polyols in reaction injection molding for a diverse class of polyisocyanates. The diamines provide a broad spectrum of cure times, as well as giving elastomers an interesting and useful diversity of properties. Such diamines may be used as a constituent in a blend of polyamines as the isocyanate-reactive component, in which case the elastomer may be viewed as predominantly a polyurea, or as a constituent in a blend with polyols, in which case the elastomer may be viewed as an elastomer with both urethane and urea segments.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of an aromatic-rich, distillable gas oil charge stock which is essentially free from asphaltenic hydrocarbons and possesses an aromatic hydrocarbon concentration greater than about 20 volume percent to selectively produce large quantities of high quality middle distillate while minimizing hydrogen consumption which process comprises the steps of: (a) reacting the charge stock with hydrogen, in a catalytic hydrocracking reaction zone, at hydrocracking conditions including a maximum catalyst bed temperature in the range of about 600.degree. F. (315.degree. C.) to about 850.degree. F. (454.degree. C.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the recovery of butene-1 from a mixed C.sub.4 feed stream which also contains isobutylene, butene-2, isobutane and normal butane. The C.sub.4 feed stream is passed through an etherification reaction zone wherein isobutylene is selectively converted to an ether. The effluent of the etherification reaction zone is fractionated to produce a first stream comprising the product ether and C.sub.4 hydrocarbons and a second stream comprising isobutane and butene-1. The second stream is then separated to yield the butene-1. The first stream is preferably utilized in motor fuel production as by direct blending into a naphtha boiling material or by passage into an alkylation zone.

Abstract: The separation of monoglycerides from diglycerides and triglycerides is performed by an adsorptive chromatographic process in liquid phase using sodium, magnesium, lithium or potassium-exchanged X zeolites or potassium or sodium-exchanged Y zeolite, or potassium-exchanged L zeolite as the adsorbent. A ketone or ketone/n-aliphatic hydrocarbon can be selected as the desorbent.

Abstract: An olefinic feedstock containing contaminants such as oxygenates may be oligomerized to a desired oligomer which contains a particular configuration. The process may be effected by utilizing a catalyst which comprises a porous support containing a catalytically effective amount of an iron group metal compound in combination with a catalytically effective amount of an alkyl aluminum compound and an activator comprising an aluminum alkoxide. The presence of the latter compound in the catalyst compound will permit the catalyst to maintain its activity and stability over a relatively long period of time. The catalyst of the invention is prepared by impregnating a porous support with an aqueous solution of an iron group metal salt, calcining and contacting the calcined support with a solution containing an alkyl aluminum compound and an aluminum alkoxy compound.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the catalytic conversion of an olefin-containing C.sub.3 and/or C.sub.4 feed (1) into aromatic hydrocarbons (22) and C.sub.3 and/or C.sub.4 paraffins (25,26). The process may result in a net consumption of hydrogen and operates at relatively mild temperature conditions, with preferred temperatures in the reaction zone (4) being less than 425 degrees Celsius. The severity of the operating conditions and the length of time the catalyst is used are controlled to hold down total carbon deposition and to increase aromatics selectivity. A catalyst comprising gallium supported on a zeolite containing base is preferred. The feed stream contains a mixture of paraffins and olefins, with aromatics production being directly related to feed olefin content.

Abstract: A novel hydrofluoric acid-catalyzed motor fuel alkylation process and catalyst is disclosed which incorporates from 0.5 to 5 vol. % of a cationic or anionic surfactant component in an HF containing acid alkylation catalyst to enable the process to be operated at an olefin-to-acid volumetric feed ratio greater than 1.0 while producing a motor alkylate product with a good octane number.

Abstract: Olefinic feedstocks which contain catalyst contaminants or poisons such as sulfur-containing compounds may be oligomerized to a desired oligomer and configuration of the oligomer by utilizing a catalyst which is stable and will not deactivate due to the presence of the aforementioned poisons. The catalyst comprises a porous support which has been impregnated with a catalytically effective amount of an iron group metal compound and a Group IVA metal compound. In addition, the catalyst composite may also contain in combination therewith, a catalytically effective amount of an alkyl aluminum compound and an aluminum alkoxy/aluminum halide compound. The catalyst of this invention is prepared by impregnating a porous support with an aqueous solution containing an iron group metal salt and a Group IVA metal salt, calcining and containing the calcined support with a solution containing an alkyl aluminum compound.

Abstract: A process for catalytic dehydrocyclodimerization and regeneration of the catalyst. C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 aliphatic hydrocarbons are reacted to produce aromatics, using a catalyst of a composition especially adapted to minimize deposition of coke on the catalyst. The catalyst is comprised of alumina which contains phosphorus, gallium, and a crystalline aluminosilicate having a silica to alumina ratio of at least 12. The use of this catalyst has resulted in a five-fold reduction in the rate of coke deposition, compared to a conventional dehydrocyclodimerization catalyst. However, the activity of this catalyst once it becomes deactivated is only recovered by burning the coke accumulated upon the deactivated catalyst at catalyst regeneration conditions in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas.

Abstract: A pretreatment process for removal of contaminants from a light hydrocarbon feedstock is presented. The feedstock is passed to a first adsorption zone containing a molecular sieve and thereafter passed to a second adsorption zone containing activated alumina. The process produces a hydrocarbon feedstock substantially free of sulfur compounds, oxygenates, and water. Such a process finds utility as a feed pretreatment step preceding a catalytic isomerization process.

Abstract: This invention presents a novel treating process for the removal of trace quantities of olefinic impurities from a hydrocarbon process stream. Specifically, this process operates at liquid phase conditions treating hydrocarbon streams comprising substantially aromatics and naphthenes having Bromine Index values of about 50 to 2,000. A solid medium comprising a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite and a refractory oxide is used to reduce the level of olefin impurities to Bromine Index values of 0.1 to 50.

Abstract: An improved dehydrocyclization process for the selective conversion of light hydrocarbons to aromatics is presented. The activity of a catalyst containing nonacidic L-zeolite is greatly enhanced by the addition of water, water precursors, or mixtures thereof to the reaction zone during the dehydrocyclization reaction. Addition of between 10 and 100 wt. ppm H.sub.2 O results in a higher product yield of aromatics with increased product octane.

Abstract: Organic hydrocarbons which comprise useful compounds may be obtained in a two-step process utilizing methane as a feedstock. The desired compounds are prepared by treating said methane with a halogenating agent such as chlorine, followed by contacting the methyl halide with a conversion catalyst comprising a silicalite. The silicalite which is employed is a silica polymorph consisting of crystalline silica which, after calcination in air at a temperature of 600.degree. C. for 1 hour, has a mean refractory index of 1.39.+-.0.01 and a specific gravity at 25.degree. C. of 1.70.+-.0.05 g/cc.

Abstract: A process for separating the para and ortho isomers of a halogen substituted toluene from a feed mixture of the same. Separation of the isomers is effected by selective adsorption and desorption and is susceptible to various flow schemes for performing continuous adsorptive separations. The process uses an X type zeolite adsorbent having calcium, barium, potassium, or combinations thereof as cations and a mixed desorbent containing chlorobenzene and/or bromobenzene and alicyclic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of an aromatic-rich, distillable gas oil charge stock which is essentially free from asphaltenic hydrocarbons and possesses an aromatic hydrocarbon concentration greater than about 20 volume percent to selectively produce large quantities of high quality middle distillate while minimizing hydrogen consumption which process comprises the steps of: (a) reacting the charge stock with hydrogen, in a catalytic hydrocracking reaction zone, at hydrocracking conditions including a maximum catalyst bed temperature in the range of about 600.degree. F. (315.degree. C.) to about 850.degree. F. (454.degree. C.

Abstract: A novel trimetallic catalytic composite, a method of manufacture and process use thereof is dislcosed. The composite comprises a refractory support having a nominal diameter of at least 650 microns and having deposited thereon a uniformly dispersed platinum component, a uniformly dispersed Group IVA metal component and a surface-impregnated metal component selected from the group consisting of rhodium, ruthenium, cobalt, nickel, or iridium. When this catalytic composite is used in the reforming of hydrocarbons at low pressures, significant improvements in activity stability is observed compared to catalysts of the prior art.

Abstract: A novel process is disclosed for the steam dehydrogenation of dehydrogenatable hydrocarbons in the vapor phase in conjunction with oxidative reheating of the intermediate products. The process utilizes a single catalyst to perform both the selective oxidation and steam dehydrogenation functions. The particular catalyst employed comprises a Group VIII noble metal component, a Group IA and/or a Group IIA component and may contain among other modifiers a Group IIIA or IVA metal, and a halogen component. The catalytic components are supported on an inorganic substrate such as alumina.

Abstract: A novel catalytic composite comprising a platinum group metal component; a modifier metal component selected from the group consisting of a tin component, germanium component, rhenium component and mixtures thereof; an optional alkali or alkaline earth metal component or mixtures thereof, an optional halogen component, and an optional catalytic modifier component on a refractory oxide support having a nominal diameter of at least about 850 microns. The distribution of the platinum group metal component is such that the platinum group component is surface-impregnated where substantially all of the platinum group metal component is located at most within a 400 micron exterior layer of the support. The effective amount of the modifier metal component is uniformly dispersed throughout the refractory oxide support.

Abstract: The separation of polyunsaturated triglycerides from monounsaturated triglycerides is performed by an adsortive chromatographic process in liquid phase using hydrogen-, copper-, or potassium-exchanged omega zeollites or carbon as the adsorbent. A ketone, toluene or ketone/n-aliphatic hydrocarbon can be selected as the desorbent.