Abstract: A process for the removal of trace quantities of hydrocarbonaceous compounds from an aqueous stream which comprises the steps of: (a) contacting the aqueous stream with an adsorbent to remove trace quantities of hydrocarbonaceous compounds from the aqueous stream to provide an aqueous stream having a reduced concentration of hydrocarbonaceous compounds; (b) contacting spent adsorbent which has accumulated the hydrocarbonaceous compounds from the aqueous stream with an elution solvent to remove the hydrocarbonaceous compounds from the spent adsorbent thereby regenerating the adsorbent; (c) contacting the elution solvent in admixture with the hydrocarbonaceous compounds which were removed from the spent adsorbent in step (b) in the presence of hydrogen with a hydrogenation catalyst in a hydrotreating reaction zone; (d) contacting the hydrotreating reaction zone effluent with an aqueous scrubbing solution; and (e) introducing a resulting admixture of the reaction zone effluent and the aqueous scrubbing solution

Abstract: A process and apparatus for cooling FCC catalyst that provides two modes of operation for a remote heat exchanger type cooler. In the first mode the exchanger is operated in a backmix fashion where catalyst is circulated between the cooler and a disengagement zone. Regenerated catalyst is withdrawn from an outlet located close to the heat exchanger inlet so that essentially all of the heat removed by the cooler serves to reduce the temperature of catalyst entering the reaction zone. This mode of operation is particularly useful in obtaining a benefit from the cooler when processing light to moderate FCC feeds. In the second mode, the exchanger is operated in a flow through mode where hot catalyst is withdrawn from the disengaging zone cooled in the exchanger and passed into the combustion zone. The second mode of operation is used to withdraw heat from the overall regeneration process in the case of heavy FCC feedstock conversion.

Abstract: A multistep hydrocarbon conversion process for the production of ethers including methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) from light paraffins and alcohols is disclosed. A mixture of C.sub.4 isoparaffins, normal paraffins, an etherification recycle and butane isomerization effluent enter a deisobutanizer column. Normal paraffins withdrawn from the fractionator are isomerized and returned to the fractionator, and isoparaffins are withdrawn from the fractionator and dehyrogenated. The resulting olefins enter an etherification zone for reaction of isobutene with a C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alcohol. Unreacted paraffins and olefins comprise the etherification effluent entering the deisobutanizer. Normal butanes and olefins are withdrawn as a sidecut from the deisobutanizer. Hydrogenation of the sidecut saturates any olefins contained therein which would interfere with the isomerization of normal butanes.

Abstract: Corn kernel hulls are found to be an essentially lignin-free material which is readily hydrolyzed to a mixture principally of three monosaccharides: D-glucose, D-xylose, and L-arabinose. Several discrete processing methods employing a combination of acid and enzymatic hydrolysis afford product streams rich either in glucose or in a mixture of the two pentoses, D-xylose and L-arabinose.

Abstract: Gas separation membranes which possess improved characteristics as exemplified by selectivity and flux may be prepared by coating a porous organic polymer support with a solution or emulsion of a plasticizer and an organic polymer, said coating being effected at subatmospheric pressures in order to increase the penetration depth of the coating material.

Abstract: Heavy crude oils which contain metal contaminants such as nickel, vanadium and iron may be separated from light hydrocarbon oils by passing a solution of the crude oil dissolved in a cycloparaffinic hydrocarbon solvent containing from about 5 to about 8 carbon atoms by passing through a polymeric membrane which is capable of maintaining its integrity in the presence of hydrocarbon compounds. The light hydrocarbon oils which possess relatively low molecular weights will be recovered as the permeate while the heavy oils which possess relatively high molecular weights as well as the metal contaminants will be recovered as the retentate.

Abstract: A combination isomerization-reforming process provides additional liquid volume yields of gasoline without significant increase in utilities expense by recycling the isomerization zone effluent to an extended feed fractionation zone from which an isomerization product is also withdrawn. The feed fractionation zone receives a C.sub.5 -plus boiling range naphtha feed. The fractionation zone provides a relatively heavy bottoms stream for a reformer feed and a relatively lighter sidecut stream for feed to an isomerization zone. Effluent from the isomerization zone is recycled to the feed fractionation zone at a midfractionation entry point. A net overhead stream withdrawn from the feed fractionation zone and containing principally C.sub.6 isoparaffins and lighter boiling hydrocarbons provides a relatively high octane blending component.

Abstract: The yield of cyclodextrins formed in the hydrolysis of starch catalyzed by a cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase can be substantially increased by the addition of certain water-soluble solutes. Alcohols containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms form one such class, with ethanol and isopropyl alcohol being especially effective. Where an immobilized cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase is used yields of beta-cyclodextrin can be increased from approximately 20% to almost 40% using 15% isopropyl alcohol in a thinned starch feedstock, with glucose production being increased by only about 25%.

Abstract: A process for the removal of hydrogenatable hydrocarbonaceous compounds from a hydrocarbonaceous stream which comprises the steps of: (a) contacting the hydrocarbonaceous stream with an adsorbent to remove at least a portion of the hydrogenatable hydrocarbonaceous compounds from the hydrocarbonaceous stream to provide a hydrocarbonaceous stream having a reduced concentration of hydrogenatable hydrocarbonaceous compounds; (b) contacting spent adsorbent which has accumulated the hydrogenatable hydrocarbonaceous compounds from the hydrocarbonaceous stream with an elution solvent to remove the hydrogenatable hydrocarbonaceous compounds from the spent adsorbent thereby regenerating the adsorbent; (c) recovering at least a portion of the elution solvent from a resulting admixture of elution solvent and hydrogenatable hydrocarbonaceous compounds recovered from step (b) in an elution solvent recovery zone; (d) contacting the hydrogenatable hydrocarbonaceous compounds which were recovered from step (c) in the presence

Abstract: An improved method for deasphalting and demetallizing heavy oils, where the improvement is a counterflow washing step which increases the yield of the product oil. A heavy oil feedstream is contacted in a countercurrent manner with a solvent in a multi-stage extraction zone and a resulting light phase stream is heated and passed into a settling zone. A second light phase stream comprised of the product deasphalted and demetallized oil and solvent is separated from a contaminant-laden heavy phase in the settling zone. The contaminant-laden heavy phase, which is termed a resin phase, contains an equilibrium amount of DMO and solvent. DMO-enriched solvent is displaced from the resin stream by means of a counterflow washing process using pure solvent.

Abstract: A novel dehydrocyclization process for the conversion of C.sub.6 -plus paraffins to their corresponding aromatics is presented. This process is characterized by a unique catalytic composite which contains a nonacidic L-zeolite, a Group VIII metal component and sufficient surface-deposited alkali metal to provide a surface-deposited alkali metal index of from about 40 to about 500. A further characterization is that the catalyst is prepared without subjecting the L-zeolite to a solution having a pH of greater than 9, and without appreciable loss of SiO.sub.2 from the L-zeolite.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing aromatic compounds from C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 aliphatic hydrocarbons. In this process, a feedstock containing C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 aliphatic hydrocarbons is passed into a reaction zone and into contact with a catalyst zone containing two discrete catalysts. The first catalyst of the discrete catalyst system is comprised in part of a ZSM-5 zeolite component while the second catalyst of the discrete catalyst system is comprised in part of a catalytically active component that is not ZSM-5 which exhibits an acidity lower than that of the first discrete catalyst. A metallic component selected from the Group IIB to IVB Elements of the Periodic Table may be a component of one or both of the discrete catalysts of the instant process as can be a phosphorus-containing alumina component. The discrete catalytic system of the present invention is particularly suited for selectively producing aromatic compounds from C.sub.2 -C.sub.

Abstract: Olefinic hydrocarbons which contain from 2 to about 6 carbon atoms may be oligomerized to form oligomers of desired configuration utilizing a process which comprises contacting said olefins with a catalyst which comprises a porous support containing a catalytically effective amount of a non-stoichiometric hydrogen and oxygen-containing iron group metal in combination with a catalytically effective amount of an alkyl aluminum compound and an aluminum halide. Oligomerization conditions which are employed to effect the process will include temperatures in the range of from about -20.degree. to about 120.degree. C. and a pressure in the range of from about 350 to about 1,000 pounds per square inch gauge.

Abstract: A closure assembly for pressure vessels comprising a hollow pressure vessel having an internal cylindrical surface, a cylindrical end plug slidably mounted in the pressure vessel and contacting the internal cylindrical surface, the internal cylindrical surface having a first continuous circular groove to receive a segmented ring which retains the cylindrical end plug in the pressure vessel, and the cylindrical end plug having a second continuous circular groove to receive an O-ring seal, the second continuous circular groove having a ramped bottom and two substantially vertical side walls.

Abstract: Ethane is catalytically dehydrogenated in a reaction zone comprising at least two separate beds of dehydrogenation catalyst. The reactants are reheated and hydrogen is consumed through use of an intermediate bed of hydrogen selective oxidation catalyst. The amount of hydrogen consumed in the combustion step is increased by cooling the effluent of the first dehydrogenation catalyst bed by direct or indirect heat exchange.

Abstract: An olefinic feedstock containing contaminants such as oxygenates may be oligomerized to a desired oligomer which contains a particular configuration. The process may be effected by utilizing a catalyst which comprises a porous support containing a catalytically effective amount of a non-stoichiometric hydrogen and oxygen-containing iron group metal compound in combination with a catalytically effective amount of an alkyl aluminum compound and an activator comprising an aluminum alkoxide. The presence of the latter compound in the catalyst compound will permit the catalyst to maintain its activity and stability over a relatively long period of time.

Abstract: A multicomponent membrane which may be used for separating various components which are present in a fluid feed mixture comprises a mixture of a plasticizer such as a glycol and an organic polymer cast upon a porous organic polymer support. The membrane may be prepared by casting an emulsion or a solution of the plasticizer and polymer on the porous support, evaporating the solvent and recovering the membrane after curing.

Abstract: Olefinic feedstocks which contain catalyst contaminants or poisons such as sulfur-containing compounds may be oligomerized to a desired oligomer and configuration of the oligomer by utilizing a catalyst which is stable and will not deactivate due to the presence of the aforementioned poisons. The catalyst comprises a porous support which has been impregnated with a catalytically effective amount of a non-stoichiometric hydrogen and oxygen-containing iron group metal compound and a compound containing a metal of Group IVA of the Periodic Table. In addition, the catalyst composite will also contain in combination therewith, a catalytically effective amount of an alkyl aluminum compound and an aluminum alkoxy/aluminum halide compound.

Abstract: A pretreatment method is disclosed for a hydrocarbon conversion catalyst formulation which results in significantly improved yield performance. The pretreatment method involves contacting a catalyst comprising a refractory support containing a platinum component, a tin component and a surface-impregnated promoter metal in the absence of hydrocarbons with a gas containing hydrogen at a temperature, pressure, and period of time sufficient to result in improved yield performance when compared to a non-pretreated catalyst.

Abstract: Partially alkylated polyamines which may be viewed as low molecular weight polymers of x-amino-y-methylenephenyl are effective curing agents in combination with other polyamines and polyols in reaction injection molding for diverse class of polyisocyanates. Alkylation may range from 5 up to 100 percent to afford polyamines with a board spectrum of cure times, as well as to give elastomers with an interesting and useful diversity of properties. Such polyamines may be used as a constituent in a blend of polyamines as the isocyanate-reactive component, in which case the elastomer may be viewed as predominantly a polyurea, or as a constituent in a blend with polyols, in which case the elastomer may be viewed as an elastomer with both urethane and urea segments.