Abstract: A method for controlling paper web reel-up, particularly in a Pope-type reel-up apparatus, wherein a reeling cylinder provides power to a paper web reel being formed on a reeling drum at a nip formed between the periphery of the reeling cylinder and the periphery of the web reel being formed. The reeling operation is begun with the reeling drum held in primary forks. The reeling drum and inner section of the web reel formed on it are removed from the primary forks and delivered to secondary forks in which the final steps of the reeling operation are carried out. The primary and secondary forks are coupled to power equipment by which the loading of the power-transmitting nip is generated.

Abstract: An improvement in a power transmission arrangement in a four-wheel drive tractor which includes an engine, an oil sump containing a reservoir of lubricant for the engine and wherein power is transmitted from the tractor gearbox or from a separate power take-off gearbox to the differential gear of the front axle by a power transmission member. A power take-off shaft is provided at the front end of the tractor for transmitting power from the engine crankshaft to external equipment. According to the invention, the differential gear of the front axle, the four-wheel drive clutch which couples the transmission member to the front axle differential gear, at least part of the take-off shaft clutch and other transmission elements for the take-off shaft, and the hydraulic steering pump are situated within the oil sump. The invention further includes operating the four-wheel drive clutch and the differential lock thereof, and the take-off clutch by means of the engine lubricant contained in the oil sump.

Abstract: An apparatus for the inductive heating of a roll used in the manufacture of paper by means of eddy currents, such as the inductive heating of a calender roll. In the apparatus, pole shoe devices provided with electromagnetic coils are used, by means of which the eddy-current heating is applied only to the surface layer of the roll, the surface layer being constituted of ferromagnetic material, solely from outside the roll. The apparatus comprises several iron cores placed side by side and provided with magnetizing coils. Into each coil, a magnetizing current is passed, the magnetizing current being of adjustable intensity and/or frequency to control the temperature profile of the roll in the axial direction thereof.

Abstract: In the drying section of a paper machine, apparatus for preventing conditions tending to deteriorate the contact between a web and a supporting fabric which carries the web from a drying cylinder in one line to a drying cylinder in another line and, in particular, for preventing a positive pressure from being generated in the narrowing gaps defined by the surfaces of the drying cylinders and the web supporting fabric as it approaches and/or moves away from the drying cylinder. The apparatus includes a blow box extending transversely substantially over the width of the web, the blow box including at least two transversely extending gas discharge slots between which a substantially planar carrying surface is provided in opposed, parallel relationship to the web carrying fabric and spaced a distance therefrom which is at least twice, and preferably ten to thirty times, as large as the width of a gas discharge slot.

Abstract: A connecting device for measuring instruments includes a body member attached to a member which forms a boundary surface of a process. The body member has an aperture therein for communication with the process. The process is measured through the aperture by a measuring instrument affixed to the connecting device. The measuring instrument is affixed to a selector member mounted movably with respect to the body member. The selector member has a hole communicating with the aperture of the body in the measuring position of the connecting device. The selector member has a closing surface closing the aperture of the body in the closed position of the connecting device.

Abstract: A multi-cylinder drying section and method in a paper machine wherein the paper web to be dried is guided into contact with the surfaces of heated drying cylinders wherein the drying fabric is cooled as it travels from one drying cylinder to the next. According to one embodiment, preferably used in the first group or groups of drying cylinders, a single-fabric draw is used wherein the web is supported on the drying fabric as it runs from the cylinders of one line to the cylinders of the other line so that the web is in direct contact with the surfaces of the drying cylinders in one line while the drying fabric is in direct contact with the surfaces of the cylinders in the other line. The drying fabric is cooled as it runs between the cylinders on which the web is in direct contact with the heated surfaces by causing the drying fabric to come into direct contact with a cooling roll or cylinder surface whose contact area is relatively large.

Abstract: A lower wire loop of a paper machine has an initial single-wire portion of a dewatering zone defined by an initial portion of the wire of the lower wire loop, succeeded by an upper wire unit defining a twin-wire dewatering zone with a coinciding upper run of the wire of the lower wire loop. Dewatering occurs in the twin-water dewatering zone through the wire of the lower wire loop and the wire of the upper wire loop. The twin-wire dewatering zone is located above the level of the initial portion of the wire of the lower wire loop. A first dewatering element is a first forming shoe in the direction of the web run in the upper wire loop. The twin-wire zone curves in a first direction in a first sector on the first forming shoe so that dewatering occurs primarily through the wire of the lower wire loop. A second dewatering element is a second forming shoe following the first forming shoe and spaced therefrom in the lower wire loop.

Abstract: Lock construction for the hammer of bulletbore firearms of foldable construction. The invention prevents the rearward movement, of the striker by the effect of the pressures of the gases from the gunpowder on firing of the arm, and also the ending up of the detonator material into the striker hole. The lock construction comprises a support fork, fitted in connection with a spindle of a folding lock of the arm, the said support fork being, in connection with the firing of the arm, shifted by the force of a spring to a hammer locking position. In this locking position the support fork rests against the hammer and, locks it in its forward position and thereby prevents the striker pin from being shifted rearwards by the force of the gunpowder gases. When the arm is being folded, owing to a camming arrangement between the spindle and the support fork, the support fork pivots to a hammer unlocking position so that the hammer can be cocked.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the inductive heating of a roll used in the manufacture of paper by means of eddy currents, such as the inductive heating of a calender roll. In the apparatus, pole shoe devices provided with electromagnetic coils are used, by means of which the eddy-current heating is applied only to the surface layer of the roll, the surface layer being constituted of ferromagnetic material, solely from outside the roll. The apparatus comprises several iron cores placed side by side and provided with magnetizing coils. Into each coil, a magnetizing current is passed, the magnetizing current being of adjustable intensity and/or frequency to control the temperature profile of the roll in the axial direction thereof.

Abstract: A web-forming section and method in a paper machine. The web-forming section includes a lower wire loop having an initial lower wire run constituting an initial single-wire dewatering zone of the web-forming section in which the web is dewatered through the lower wire, and an upper wire loop having a joint run with a subsequent run of the lower wire to form a two-wire dewatering zone of the web-forming section within which dewatering takes place substantially through the upper wire. A first open faced forming roll is situated within the upper wire loop so that the two-wire dewatering zone begins and curves upwardly in the region of the first forming roll. A forming shoe within the lower wire loop has a curved deck whose center of curvature is situated on the side of the lower wire loop and further guides the joint run of the upper and lower wires in the two-wire dewatering zone.

Abstract: A process in the forming of a paper web, the dewatering of the pulp web, and of the paper web being formed comprises feeding the pulp suspension jet from the slice of the headbox into a gap formed by two wires, the gap becoming narrower in the feeding direction of the pump suspension jet. Water is removed from the pulp web when the web is in compression between the carrying wire and the covering wire within the twin-wire forming zone, which begins immediately after the feeding gap. The twin-wire forming zone is curved towards the loop of the carrying wire with a curve radius which is selected large enough so that the wire tensioning pressure resulting from it and acting upon the pulp web becomes low and the water removed from the pulp web is not splashed from the inside surface of the wire loop by the effect of centrifugal force dependent upon the curve radius.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cutting a lead-in strip from a paper web in a multiple cylinder dryer section of a paper machine and for increasing the width of the lead-in strip by a so-called oblique draw. A cutting device for cutting the web is situated alongside a region of an unsupported draw of the web in the dryer section. According to the method, and apparatus a guide surface which extends in substantially parallel relationship to the plane of the web is associated with the web cutting device. A gas flow is directed over the guide surface to stabilize the run of the web during the cutting operation performed on the web by the cutting device. The gas flow is directed onto the guide surface from a nozzle opening situated adjacent to the leading edge region of the guide surface into a space between the guide surface and the web to produce an underpressure in the space which stabilizes the web run.

Abstract: A frame construction and method in a paper machine press section having a compact press roll combination forming at least two press nips through which a paper web runs, the frame construction and method facilitating the removal and replacement of the fabrics and/or press rolls. The frame construction of the press section includes, in the direction of web run through the press section, a front frame situated before the press roll combination and a rear frame separate from the front frame situated after the roll combination. The space above the roll combination and between the front and rear frames is open or openable through the provision of an intermediate frame situated above the roll combination. The intermediate frame is pivotally mounted on the rear frame about a transverse axis located at a longitudinal side of the roll combination.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for inhibiting or preventing fluttering in a running paper web in a drying section of a paper machine, such as in the area of a twin-wire draw. Air jets are blown into pockets defined by a wire guide roll and wire itself, such air jets issuing from suitably designed and positioned blow boxes to be directed at the side of the wire supporting the web either in a direction towards or opposite from the running direction of the wire, and also at the side of the wire guide roll not supporting the wire, in a direction of the tangent of the guide roll. An air jet may also be blown into the pocket defined by the wire guide roll and the wire itself, at the side of the wire running free, not supporting any web, such air jet being directed substantially perpendicular to the wire. Fluttering of the paper web and drawbacks resulting from the same, such as wrinkles and breaks in the web, are inhibited or prevented.

Abstract: A drive arrangement for cylinders, such as drying cylinders, in a paper machine of the type which comprises a number of cogwheels, such as gears, which intermesh to constitute a gear transmission. The cogwheels of the gear transmission are fitted within a casing situated on the side of the drying section of the paper machine, and in accordance with the invention, both the cogwheel shafts as well as the axle journal of the drying cylinder to be driven are rotatably mounted or journaled to the same casing. The casing in which the cogwheels are fitted is substantially trapezoidal in shape, preferably a "regular" trapezoid (the non-parallel sides are substantially equal in length). Several such trapezoidally-shaped casings may be co-operatively mounted in the drying section to form a composite drive arrangement for the cylinders.

Abstract: Apparatus for lifting and transporting a unitary load, such as a material containing container, comprises transport apparatus, such as a truck provided with gripping members for lifting one end of the load from a surface, and a separate auxiliary device provided with wheels for carrying the opposite end of the load during transport. The apparatus includes a control for directing the movement of the auxiliary device to the opposite end of the load. The auxiliary device includes apparatus for gripping and then lifting the opposite end of the load for subsequent transport thereof. The auxiliary device may be arranged to move over the top of the load to the opposite end thereof for lifting the same from the surface for subsequent transport of the load.

Abstract: A pressing method and apparatus for dewatering a fibre web, such as a paper or cardboard web, in a paper machine press section including two press rolls through which the web is conducted carried on either a single fabric or interposed between a pair of fabrics. The web is pre-pressed in a pre-pressing zone located in the throat region between the press rolls. The pre-pressing pressure is applied to the web through the mediation of a substantially impermeable band which passes through the press nip in overlying relationship with the web as the latter is conducted over a sector of one of the press rolls. After the pre-pressing step, the web is immediately conducted through the zone of the press nip, the pressing of the web which takes place in the press nip determining the dry matter content of the web subsequent thereto. The pre-pressing zone immediately precedes the zone of the press nip so that the pre-pressing and nip zones together in combination constitute a pressing zone.

Abstract: A press section for a running fibrous web, and a method of pressing therein. The press section comprises a first press zone, means for passing the fibrous web in a closed draw to the first press zone, means for changing running direction of the web after the first press zone to substantially reverse the running direction thereof, a second press zone disposed after the means for changing the running direction of the web, and a central roll forming a part of the first and second press zones, with the first and second press zones being disposed substantially opposite one another about the central press roll and constituting means for compensating compression load and weight of the central press roll, and also comprising means for directing the web in a closed draw out of the press section after the second press zone.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and band for forming and/or dewatering a fibrous web, in which the web or a pulp suspension layer forming the same is conveyed and supported through a significant portion of its run in a paper machine by a specific processing band, while liquid such as water is simultaneously removed therefrom by hydraulically contacting the same with liquid present under vacuum or underpressure within the processing band, through a finely porous, liquid-suction surface on the band that is saturated with liquid.

Abstract: An improvement in a long-nip press for a paper making machine, and a method for applying pressure in the press zone of such a long-nip press. The improvement is directed to providing a press shoe arrangement in the press nip that comprises a frame component, means for articulately engaging the frame component with a stationary structure, a first shoe component disposed in the frame component with means for applying pressure to the same, a second shoe component formed as a part of the frame component itself along with means for applying pressure to the same, with the press shoe arrangement constituting means for incrementally increasing pressure on a press belt and in the press zone itself. The method of the present invention is directed to applying pressure on a running fibrous web through a press nip, by incrementally applying greater and greater pressure onto the running fibrous web as it passes through the press nip.