Abstract: The invention concerns a means for saving energy in a hydraulic circuit where pressurized oil supplied by a hydraulic pump is used to activate various functions by the aid of one or several valves (2,3,4) controlling the function. Such a hydraulic circuit is especially suitable for use in agricultural tractors, where the pressurized oil comes from a hydraulic pump driven by the engine. In conventional hydraulic circuits, a drawback is that the pressurized oil is directed through a pressure regulating valve, thereby causing unnecessary waste of energy and a need to cool the oil.

Abstract: An ultrasonic echo sounding device permits observation of the web formation and/or the pulp suspension flow on the wire part and in the head box of a paper machine. The device includes a series of ultrasonic detectors connected to the wall of the flow channel in the head box and/or to the forming wire. The detectors direct an ultrasonic field at the pulp suspension layer, and the echo signals received from the pulp suspension layer are detected. The detectors operate as acoustic lenses so that the focal points thereof are located in the transverse direction of the pulp suspension flow and in the direction of thickness of the pulp suspension layer in a manner whereby information concerning fibre bundles, air bubbles, variations in consistency, corresponding parameters and their variations in the transverse direction of the pulp suspension flow and in the direction of thickness of the pulp suspension layer are indicated by the device.

Abstract: Apparatus for the press treatment of a fiber web in a long or extended press zone includes a first press fabric loop in which a press roll is situated and a press shoe situated within a press belt loop which acts in opposition to the press roll, the latter being supported on a transverse beam. The press roll and press shoe together form an extended press zone through which the web to be pressed is guided. The press shoe includes a pressure chamber isolated from the external environment by sealing members and to which a pressure medium, such as a fluid under pressure, is passed. The pressure chamber acts within the extended press zone on the press belt.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cutting a lead-in strip from a paper web in a multiple cylinder dryer section of a paper machine and for increasing the width of the lead-in strip by a so-called oblique draw. A cutting device for cutting the web is situated alongside a region of an unsupported draw of the web in the dryer section. According to the method and apparatus, a guide surface which extends in substantially parallel relationship to the plane of the web is associated with the web cutting device. A gas flow is directed over the guide surface to stabilize the run of the web during the cutting operation performed on the web by the cutting device. The gas flow is directed onto the guide surface from a nozzle opening situated adjacent to the leading edge region of the guide surface into a space between the guide surface and the web to produce an underpressure in the space which stabilizes the web run.

Abstract: In a paper making machine, transfer apparatus for guiding a paper web from the press section to the drying section includes a smoothing press including upper and lower smoothing press rolls wherein the web is passed from the press section to the smoothing nip either directly or guided by a guide roll. The lower smoothing press roll of the smoothing press is substantially situated at a position which is normally occupied by a so-called baby or lead-in cylinder of a conventional drying section and the drying wire of the drying section is guided over a sector of the lower smoothing roll which is of a size sufficiently large that the web is transferred onto the drying wire which then carries the web as a closed draw onto the first drying cylinder of the drying section and, preferably, to the subsequent drying cylinders as a so-called single-fabric draw.

Abstract: A size press, which comprises three coating rolls (11, 12, 13). These rolls (11, 12, 13) form two press nips (N.sub.1, N.sub.2) as pairs with each other, the paper web (W) to be treated being passed through the said press nips. Both sides of the web (W) are treated in the said nips (N.sub.1, N.sub.2). Out of the said coating rolls, regarding the position of altitude, the uppermost roll (12) has been arranged as the center roll of the size press, in connection with which center roll the two coating nips (N.sub.1, N.sub.2) are formed so that the first coating nip (N.sub.1) is placed at a short angular distance (.alpha..sub.1) underneath the horizontal plane (H--H) placed through the axis of the said center roll (12). The second coating nip (N.sub.2) is formed by the third coating roll (13), which is placed substantially in the vertical plane (V--V) placed through the center point of the center roll (12) or at a small angle (.alpha..sub.2) after the said plane. As preceding the first nip (N.sub.

Abstract: A press roll in a paper making machine comprises a non-perforated inner frame onto which an elastic layered structure is applied, the layered structure including an inner layer having a volume of which a substantial portion is constituted by cavities and an outer layer adapted to act against the inner surface of a looped press felt which passes through the press nip, the outer layer having passages formed therethrough which communicate with the cavities of the inner layer. During operation, the cavities are compressed together and thereby widen or extend the nip zone and, additionally, the cavities act as suction devices to produce a negative pressure in the nip zone following the centerline thereof. A press is disclosed which is formed by the press roll described above and a counter-roll which is provided with an elastic coating and a hollow face. A pair of press felts pass through the nip zone formed by these rolls between which the web to be dewatered is passed.

Abstract: A press section of a paper machine has no suction rollers. The paper web is first conducted through a first two-fabric press nip supported by a first fabric which, in conjunction with a pick-up roller, serves as a pick-up fabric. The press section has press rollers in closed roller combination defining press nips with each other. A first two of the press rollers are provided with solid recessed surfaces. A third of the press rollers is a smooth-surface central roller of the press section. The second fabric serves as a press fabric at least in the first two-fabric press nip. The web is conducted through the first press nip defined by the first and second press rollers interposed between the first and second fabrics. The web is conducted through a second press nip supported by the first or second fabric. The second press nip is defined between the second press roller and the third press roller.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for guiding a fibrous web from a press section to a drying section, such as guiding a paper web from the press section to the drying section in a paper-making machine. The apparatus comprises a fetching roll adapted to guide the web passing from the press section onto a drying wire from the drying section passing about the fetching roll, and means for urging the web and drying wire against one another as the web is passed to the drying section, this urging means disposed between the fetching roll and the drying section in a running direction of the web and wire. The method of the present invention comprises passing the web from the press section onto a drying wire passing about a fetching roll, and urging the web and drying wire against each other as the drying wire passes from the fetching roll to the drying section.

Abstract: An engine driven generator assembly comprises an internal combustion engine, e.g. a diesel engine and a generator driven by the engine, the engine and generator being mounted in a thermally and acoustically insulated housing provided with ports for cooling intake air and exhaust air and an aperture for an exhaust pipe. The engine is mounted in the housing substantially vertically over the generator, the engine having a substantially horizontal crankshaft which is situated substantially in the same vertical plane in which a substantially horizontal generator shaft is situated. A fuel tank for the engine is provided which constitutes at least a part of a wall of the housing to provide lateral stiffening reinforcement therefore. The ports for cooling intake air and exhaust air as well as the aperture for the exhaust pipe are provided in a common housing wall with the intake air port situated below the exhaust air port which in turn is situated below the aperture for receiving the exhaust pipe.

Abstract: Apparatus for increasing the turbulence of a condensate layer formed on the inner surface of a mantle of a drying cylinder for use in the drying seciton of a paper machine to improve its heat transfer characteristics include a plurality of turbulence ribs atached to the inner mantle surface by a plurality of attachment bands, each attachment band being constituted by an assembly of at least three band parts. Spring devices are associated with pairs of adjacent free ends of the band parts of each attachment band to urge the adjacent free ends away from each other. The spring devices are tensioned by tensioning devices and the turbulence ribs are attached to the bands, which are preferably evenly space throughout the axial length of the mantle, by corresponding projections and cavities.

Abstract: In a method for guiding the leader of the web in the drying section of a paper machine, a narrow leader is cut out of the full-width web by water jets, or the equivalent, such as, for example, against a roller of the press section. The leader is guided by a plurality of air jets into a gap between threading ropes and is carried between the threading ropes over drying cylinders. The leader is detached from a rock roller of the press section by a first plurality of air jets and is guided by a second plurality of air jets into connection with a drying wire in the drying section of the paper machine. A third plurality of air jets are directed through the drying wire to the leader supported on the drying wire and detach the leader from the drying wire. Substantially immediately upon detachment of the leader from the drying wire, transverse air jets are directed at the leader and shift the leader into the gap between the threading ropes and move the leader between the threading ropes over the drying cylinders.

Abstract: Apparatus for ventilating pockets in a multi-cylinder dryer of a paper machine of the type in which guide rolls are situated in spaces between adjoining drying cylinders and wherein a wire or felt has free runs between the drying cylinders and the guide rolls. With respect to a particular pocket to be ventilated, the apparatus functions to blow air through the inlet or incoming free run of the wire into the pocket with air being removed from the pocket at least partially through the following or outgoing free wire run following the guide roll. The apparatus comprises nozzle apparatus including a nozzle nose situated proximate to the incoming free wire run, at least two nozzles being defined by the nozzle nose which extend transversely to the direction of run of the wire. Air is blown through the nozzles into a space defined by the incoming free wire run facing the nozzles, by the guide roll and by the nozzle nose.

Abstract: A supporting beam for a paper machine foil or the like is constituted by a horizontal box-type beam, the height of which is in the range of about 1.3 to 2.5 times the breadth of the beam and the side walls of which extend substantially perpendicularly to the run of the paper machine wire which passes over the foil supported by the beam. According to the invention, to reduce the vibrations of the supporting beam, stiffener members are disposed in the rearward upper and forward lower quadrants of the interior of the beam extending parallel to the longitudinal axis thereof. The stiffener members function to incline the principal axes of inertia of the beam at a small positive angle to the vertical and horizontal planes passing through the center of gravity of the beam relative to the direction of run of the paper machine wire. The stiffener members are situated on the inwardly facing surfaces of the vertical side walls of the beam and preferably extend substantially over the entire length of the beam.

Abstract: A procedure for boosting the ventilation in drying sections of paper machines provided with a closed hood (1). In the procedure, air is blown on such surfaces which are susceptible to condensate precipitation. Air jets (F.sub.1,F.sub.2) are blown mainly obliquely downward through air ducts (11A,11B) disposed adjacent to both side walls (7A,7B) of the hood (1), above all towards the inner surfaces of the door, hatch and/or window structures (12A,12B,16,17) in association with the lower part of the walls (7A,7B) of the hood (1). The blowing air is taken to the air ducts (11A,11B) from the air within the hood (1) or as a mixture of air within the hood (1) and of dry replacement air. For air ducts (11A,11B) are used horizontal air ducts (11A,11B) extending the length of the hood (1) and on which have been disposed blowing nozzles (8A,8B), of which the blowing direction is obliquely towards the inner surfaces of doors (12A,12B) or equivalent of the hood (1) adjacent to them or below them.

Abstract: A grab-type tree harvester for processing trees comprises rotation means and a frame. The frame is connected to lifting means through the rotation means, in a manner such that the frame is adapted to rotate about a substantially vertical axis. The frame comprises grab means which are selectively moved by actuation means to an open or closed position, roller means for pulling a felled tree through said grab means, and at least one means for pruning the felled tree. The grab-type tree harvester is also provided with a jib that is pivoted on the frame and which, when a standing tree is being felled, is adapted to turn to a position substantially parallel to the tree being felled, by the aid of turning means. The jib is provided with means for gripping the standing tree, and also with sawing means for cross-cutting the standing tree.

Abstract: A butt assembly adapted to be coupled to the end face of the stock of a weapon adapted to be fired from the shoulder, such as a shotgun or the like, comprises a body member including a plate-like portion and mounting studs extending forwardly from the plate-like portion, the mounting studs having bores formed therethrough and extending into bores formed in the rearward end face of the weapon stock to mount the body member thereon, and a butt plate mounted on the plate-like portion of the body member by threaded fastener members which extend through bores formed in the butt plate into the bores of the mounting studs. The butt assembly may also comprise one or more extension members interposed between the body member and butt plate and mounted in position by the same threaded fasteners.

Abstract: A press section of a paper machine comprises, in the direction of web run, at least three separate press nips for removing water from a web, the web passing between two fabrics in each of the three nips. Dewatering of the web takes place through both faces of the web at least in the first press nip which is formed between two open-faced press rolls. The second and third press nips are formed between an open-faced roll and one of an open-faced roll and a smooth-faced roll. According to the invention, the press section includes two upper fabrics and two lower fabrics, the first upper and lower fabrics in the direction of web run being water-receiving press fabrics, one of which constitutes a press fabric only in the first press nip, the other fabric constituting a press fabric both in the first and second press nips. One of the second upper and lower fabrics is a water-receiving press fabric, the other being a water-non-receiving transfer fabric adapted to receive minimal amounts of water, if any.

Abstract: A closed press section of a paper machine in which a paper web leaving the wire section of the paper machine is passed, supported by a first upper fabric, through a first double-felted press nip formed by two hollow-faced rolls. The lower fabric in the first double-felted press nip is a second fabric which carries the web forwardly after the first press nip. The press section further includes a smooth-faced central roll against which at least two single-felt nips are formed, the press fabric in the first one of the single-felt nips being constituted by the second fabric. The web is detached from the second fabric and adheres to the face of the smooth-faced central roll and moves along therewith into the next single-felt nip. The press section is devoid of press rolls of the suction type with the first double-felted press nip being formed between two solid-mantle hollow-faced rolls.

Abstract: A forming shoe in a two-wire forming section of a paper making machine has a curved guiding surface which guides a joint run of the wires and web interposed therebetween over a curved path of travel wherein the web is dewatered under the effect of the pressure between the wires at least in a direction away from the forming shoe, the dewatering action being assisted by the curvature of the forming shoe due to centrifugal forces. According to the invention, the length of the active portion of the forming shoe guiding surface, the surface quality or characteristics of the guiding surface and/or the radius of curvature of the guiding surface are adjustable so that web formation and the dewatering capacity of the forming shoe are controlled. For this purpose one or more devices are coupled to the forming shoe by which the attitude and/or location thereof is adjustable.