Abstract: A galvanic primary element of the system Li/H.sub.2 O.sub.2 comprises a gas diffusion electrode which separates the lithium electrode from the cathode space which is filled with aqueous H.sub.2 O.sub.2 solution. In the working layer which is flanked by capillary active cover layers of the gas diffusion electrode, automatically drawn-in H.sub.2 O.sub.2 is decomposed into H.sub.2 O.sub.2 and O.sub.2 catalytically until the gas pressure is in equilibrium with capillary forces and thereby interrupts the access of additional H.sub.2 O.sub.2 solution to the working layer. Short circuiting of the cell or connection of a load causes a reduction of the gas pressure due to electrochemical reaction of the O.sub.2 with the lithium so that fresh reactant solution can flow in. A reaction regime matching the current draw becomes possible because of the property of polyurethane to gel in aqueous H.sub.2 O.sub.2 by virtue of the fact that the H.sub.2 O.sub.

Abstract: A galvanic cell with solid electrolyte, which is dischargeable at room temperature and whose positive electrode consists of the metals Sb, Bi, or of the oxides or chalcogenides of these metals, or of mixtures of members of the respective groups, bases its current productive processes upon the formation of a reversible inter-metallic combination between the Sb or Bi and the alkali metal of the negative electrode. The reaction equations are:3Li+Bi=Li.sub.3 Bi or (1)12 Li+Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3 =2 Li.sub.3 Bi+3Li.sub.2 O (2)A cathode material according to equation (2) is particularly desirable because Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3 has a higher volumetric capacity than Bi, due to the greater electron transition from Bi.sup.3+ to Bi.sup.3-, thereby yielding higher energy density. In both cases the discharge potential is 0.8 V. As the solid electrolyte, Li.sub.3 N or Na.sub.3 Zr.sub.2 Si.sub.2 PO.sub.12 (Nasicon) can be used.

Abstract: The plate stacks are positioned for further processing in a clamping arrangement with clamping elements between stacks. Each element is displaceable by an amount of play X with respect to its neighboring element.

Abstract: The individual cells of a storage battery have water refill plugs which contain valves actuated by floats and which are connected to a common water supply conduit. In the water supply conduit there is a valve which is repeatedly actuated in pulse-like manner during refilling. This actuation occurs after the gassing potential of the battery has been reached and about 1.5-2 hours before termination of charging. The valve is actuated during a period of 5-10 minutes in impulse-like manner for 5-10 seconds at a time, separated by pauses of 5-10 seconds each.

Abstract: A palladium-containing catalyst mat is made of a rolled PTFE-Kieselgur mixture which has been soaked with PdCl.sub.2 solution. It is made hydrophobic after soaking by treatment with a PTFE-Emulsion. Finally, it is subjected at about 430.degree. C. to a process which is similar to sintering and in which very finely divided Pd is produced through heat decomposition of the PdCl.sub.2. The catalyst mat is preferably combined with a carbon mat impregnated with CuO which, for example, may be a carbon felt which has been made denser through roller compression.

Abstract: Combined operation between a lithium high-energy cell of the Li/H.sub.2 O or Li/H.sub.2 O.sub.2 system, a fuel cell, and if appropriate a storage battery can be carried out with favorable energy balance by producing on the one hand so much CO.sub.2 using a methanol reformer in accordance with ##STR1## as is required for the combination of the LiOH created during the cell reaction in the Li cell into Li.sub.2 CO.sub.3 and, on the other hand, obtaining H.sub.2 which is supplied to the fuel cell together with O.sub.2 from an H.sub.2 O.sub.2 decomposer. The complete energy supply system contains a gas washer for the reaction of the CO.sub.2 with the LiOH and is also equipped with a set of reservoirs for the various reactants, for Li, for methanol, for H.sub.2 O.sub.2, for H.sub.2 O, for H.sub.2 and for O.sub.2. The current consumption of a motor used as load and the load equalization of the components among themselves is controlled by regulator devices.

Abstract: A plate stack clamping element is formed of adjacent leaf springs preformed to diverge where they extend beyond the plate stack. Compression of the diverging portions creates large area contact clamping force against the plate stack.

Abstract: The seal for the housing of a galvanic element, which has rotationally symmetrical housing portions is produced by a shrink fit provided through thermal expansion between the cup and the lid portions. This is produced by uniting with each other, in a crimping device, the housing cup using a heated die and upper ram, and a cooled housing lid which has been cooled by means of a cooled ejector.

Abstract: A battery terminal for high temperature batteries is made in the form of a hollow conductor in the area in which it traverses the heat insulation of the housing wall. Its hollow interior is filled with a molten liquid metal only during periods of operation. During rest periods, the molten liquid metal is in a storage container and the resulting vacuum, or inert gas which remains in the hollow space, forms a barrier for heat conduction from the hot battery interior toward the outside, so that battery and load are decoupled not only electrically but also thermally.

Abstract: The grid frame surfaces of the plate block are bridged in electrolytically conductive manner. As a result of the forming process, these surfaces exhibit sufficient traces of active mass. A brush-like instrument is used, whose bristles are capillaries which communicate through an electrolyte container. In a closed multi-cell battery, each plate block is contacted at its grid frame through the filler opening by the capillaries of an instrument supported above the filler opening. The battery voltage is measured at the terminals. This would otherwise be measurable only after filling with electrolyte.

Abstract: A galvanic element, particularly of the button-cell type with hermetically sealed housing of plastic, uses electrode take-off conductors for each polarity positioned in labyrinthine shape inside the housing wall which is formed of two firmly connected layers. The ends of each labyrinthine take-off conductor respectively contact a connector terminal on the inside and a connector terminal on the outside of the housing wall. This provides an exceptionally long creepage path for the hydroxide electrolyte.

Abstract: A closure for a galvanic element, and particularly a cylindrical cell, is formed in substance of a cap-like or toroidal, resilient member, whose upstanding outer rim is segmented by slits into distinct flaps. These are therefore capable of acting resiliently in a radial direction and are capable of maintaining in the sealing region a steady sealing pressure between the cup and a plastic closure member. During closing of the cell through crimping, the flaps are supported from inside by a crimper support sleeve. In this way, the plastic of the closure body is plasticized during movement of the crimping tool toward the die.

Abstract: Changes in temperature during charging are sensed and the charging current increased when temperature rises and decreased when temperature falls. Charging continues to a potential limit which is independent of temperature.

Abstract: An electrode tape is made by uniting a polytetrafluorethylene foil and a catalyst layer between compression rollers, after having moistened the foil with a wetting, easily volatilizable liquid.

Abstract: The instrument housing has a gas passage closed-off by a hydrophobic, microporous substance.

Abstract: In an electric storage battery having plate electrodes, the capacity and useful life is improved through uniform distribution of concentration and temperature of the electrolyte by means of electrolyte circulation. A synthetic plastic plate positioned between the plate electrodes and the housing wall of the storage battery contains a plurality of vertically extending transport tubes which are open at their upper and lower ends. The bottom portions of the transport tubes, which are immersed in the electrolyte, are connected to compressed air ducts. The compressed air is mixed with the electrolyte present in the transport tube in such a manner that the electrolyte-air mixture present therein is lifted, due to its lower specific gravity, by the electrolyte which surrounds the transport tube. The electrolyte leaving the transport tube produces continuous circulation within the storage battery, and this ensures permanent exchange of the electrolyte present between the plate electrodes.

Abstract: In a high-temperature cell using, for example, the system Li(Al)/LiCl, KCl/MeS (wherein Me is a heavy metal) the operating temperatures and the composition of the molten electrolyte are so selected that a solid phase is created through partial precipitation of at least one of the components of the salt mixture, which provides the separator function between the electrode plates. For example, a non-eutectically composed molten electrolyte of 80% by volume LiCl and 20% by volume KCl, at a given temperature corresponding to the operating point in the phase diagram, contains a solid LiCl frame whose pore volume of about 50% is filled with ion-conducting residual molten LiCl and KCl. Through combination with non-electron conducting inert material in grid or powder form, the permeability of the precipitated solid separator can be further controlled.

Abstract: For continuous supply of expander material to the negative electrode of a lead storage battery, particularly a quinone derivative, this material is provided within an acid-resistant plastic vessel with an aperture toward the electrolyte, or in a chemically neutral matrix in tablet form.The size of the aperture or the porosity of the chemically neutral matrix so regulates the expander delivery that uniform supply is insured during at least a portion of the life span of the storage battery.

Abstract: A galvanic element of buttom cell configuration is provided, in addition to the usual seal of thermoplastic material between cell terminal and cell cup, with an additional seal. This fills the annular gap which is created when a contact cap surrounding the galvanic element is attached to the cell terminal.The second seal is made, for example, by casting of bitumen or casting resin into the annular gap, shaking in of synthetic plastic powder and subsequent heat treatment for attachment, or by displacement of a heat sensitive glue from the contact cap in response to pressing into the cell. Also, pre-fabricated ceramic rings with metalized surfaces, which are soldered in place betweeen cell cup and contact cap, may be used as the second seal.

Abstract: A thinned or weakened line surrounds a portion of the cell enclosure above the acid level.