Abstract: In a process for producing sponge iron by direct reduction of iron-oxide-containing material, synthesis gas is mixed with top gas forming in the direct reduction of the iron-oxide-containing material and is utilized as a CO- and H.sub.2 -containing reducing gas for direct reduction and for heating the iron-oxide-containing material to a reduction temperature. To be able to save energy in an economically efficient manner when producing steel, especially in the refining process, direct reduction is carried out as follows: (1) in addition to the reducing gas, a carbon-containing gas, such as natural gas, or a gas having higher hydrocarbons is utilized for reduction; (2) the iron-oxide-containing material for a predetermined period of time exceeding the period necessary for complete reduction is exposed to the reducing gas and to the additionally supplied carbon-containing gas, and (3) a CO/CO.sub.2 ratio ranging between 2 and 5, preferably a ratio in excess of 2.5, is adjusted in the reducing gas.

Abstract: To ensure optimum temperature conditions for a strip (9, 9') in reverse rolling, two or several strips (9, 9') are rolled alternately, wherein during the rolling of one of the strips (9) in at least one rolling pass the other strip (9') or the other strips remain in a waiting position wound into a coil (12).

Abstract: A process is disclosed for treating the scrubbing water from the gas scrubbing process in an iron ore reduction plant. The scrubbing water is brought into direct contact with the gas in two gas scrubbers arranged in two successive scrubbing stages at the gas-side, is withdrawn from the gas scrubbers and is supplied again to the gas scrubbers after the solids it contains are separated, and after it is treated and cooled. The scrubbing water is separately withdrawn from the two scrubbing stages and only the scrubbing water from the first scrubbing stage is largely freed from solids in a thickener, then led into a warm water container. The scrubbing water from the second scrubbing stage is directly led into a return water container in which it releases carbon dioxide-rich flash gas led into the scrubbing water in the warm water container to enrich it with carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A smelting reduction apparatus and a method for producing molten pig iron using the smelting reduction apparatus are disclosed. The molten pig iron is produced by using iron ore, sintered ore or iron pellets, so that the reduced iron discharge operation from a pre-reducing furnace to a melter-gasifier would not give any influence to the operation of the pre-reducing furnace. An iron ore is pre-reduced at a pre-reducing furnace by utilizing a reducing off-gas which is produced from a melter-gasifier. The pre-reduced iron ore is melted and reduced at the melter-gasifier. The reducing gas which is discharged from the melter-gasifier is supplied through an ascending duct and a cyclone into the pre-reducing furnace. The fine iron ore which is collected at the cyclone is spouted through a recycling device and a melter-burner into the melter-gasifier.

Abstract: A roll stand with two rolls forming a gap has each roll connected to a separate drive motor by a drive train having a spindle with a toothed coupling to the drive roll. One of the drive trains includes two components connected to each other by a flexible coupling permitting a large angular shaft displacement with one of the components connected by a second flexible coupling to the drive motor and the other drive train includes the drive spindle being formed by a single component coupled to the drive shaft of the motor by a toothed coupling.

Abstract: In order to attain as low a final temperature as possible after as short a period of time as possible in a method of cooling hot briquetted sponge iron (3) under optimum utilization of the cooling medium, the hot briquetted sponge iron (3), in a first cooling step (11), is passed exclusively by a gaseous cooling medium while being gently cooled and subsequently, in a second cooling step (14), is sprayed with a liquid cooling medium, thus being intensively cooled to the final temperature desired.

Abstract: In a process for the reduction of fine ore by reducing gas in the fluidized bed method, the following characteristic features are realized in order to achieve a uniform and even degree of metallization at optimum utilization of the reducing gas and while minimizing the amount of reducing gas employed, that the fine ore is fractionated by aid of the reducing gas into at least two fractions having different grain size distributions, that each fraction is reduced by the reducing gas in a separate fluidized bed, wherein the reducing gas maintains a first fluidized bed containing the coarse-grain fraction and separates the fine-grain fraction from the same, is accelerated together with the fine-grain fraction, subsequently under pressure release forms a further fluidized bed, into which it is continuously injected in a radially symmetrical manner and from below, and wherein, furthermore, secondary reducing gas additionally is directly injected into the further fluidized bed in a radially symmetrical manner, and th

Abstract: In a process for the production of molten pig iron or molten steel pre-products and sponge iron from charging materials consisting of iron ore and, if desired, fluxes, direct reduction of the charging materials to sponge iron is carried out in a fixed-bed reduction zone, the sponge iron is melted in a meltdown gasifying zone under supply of carbon carriers as well as an oxygen-containing gas and a CO- and H.sub.2 -containing reducing gas is produced which is fed to the reduction zone, is reacted there and is drawn off as an export gas, and the drawn-off export gas is subjected to CO.sub.2 elimination and for the production of sponge iron is along with part of the reducing gas formed in the meltdown gasifying zone as an at least largely CO.sub.2 free reducing gas conveyed to a further reduction zone for the direct reduction of iron ore.

Abstract: In a process for producing sponge iron from particulate iron oxide-containing material, the iron oxide-containing material in a reduction zone is reduced to sponge iron by means of reducing gas and the gas forming during reduction is withdrawn as top gas. In order to provide for an efficient way of utilization of the top gas, the top gas is subjected to CO.sub.2 purification, CO.sub.2 -containing offgas separated in the purification is mixed with an oxygen-containing gas and is burnt, and the resulting thermal energy is supplied to a consumer.

Abstract: A method for injecting fine iron ore in a smelting reducing process is disclosed, in which the carrier gas for the iron ore is the discharge gas from a melter gasifier without the need of separate carrier gas. It includes the steps of pre-reducing iron ore in a pre-reduction furnace, melting and reducing it in the melter gasifier, supplying the discharge gas from the melter gasifier through an ascending tube to a cyclone and to said pre-reduction furnace, directing the cooled and cleaned fine iron ore through a recycling system and a melting burner into the melter gasifier. A part of the discharge gas is supplied through a venturi scrubber, a first compressor and a circulating tube into an ascending tube. A part of the compressed gas circulating through the tube is recompressed by means of a second compressor and fine iron ore from a stored source is injected into ascending the tube by the recompressed gas by means of a pneumatic fine iron ore conveying system.

Abstract: There is disclosed an arrangement and for alternatively producing a hot-rolled strip, a hot-formed pre-strip or an unformed slab, of steel by the continuous casting method. In order to obtain a high product quality for strips as thin as possible and to ensure a high operational flexibility, the following characteristic features are realized individually or in combination:casting of a strand at slab thickness in an open-ended mold having a continuously constant cross section,a first forming step including forming of the strand having a liquid core to reduce its thickness,a second forming step including forming of the already completely solidified strand to further reduce its thickness to pre-strip format, anda third forming step including forming of strand pieces separated from the strand by hot-rolling the strand pieces.

Abstract: In a process for producing molten pig iron or liquid steel pre-products, from particulate iron-oxide-containing material by fluidization, the iron-oxide-containing material is prereduced in at least one prereduction stage (7) by aid of a reducing gas and subsequently is reduced to sponge iron in a final reduction stage (8), the sponge iron is melted in a meltdown-gasifying zone (11) under the supply of carbon carriers and an oxygen-containing gas, and a CO- and H.sub.2 -containing reducing gas is produced which is introduced into the final reduction stage (8), is reacted there, is drawn off, subsequently is introduced into a prereduction stage (7), is reacted there, is drawn off, subjected to scrubbing and subsequently is carried off as an export gas and wherein at least a portion of the reacted reducing gas is purified from CO.sub.2, is heated and is used as a recycle-reducing gas for the reduction of the iron-oxide-containing material.

Abstract: In a process for the production of molten pig iron or steel pre-products from fine-particulate iron-cintaining material, in a meltdown-gasifying zone of a melter gasifier (1), under the supply of carbon-containing material and oxygen-containing gas at the simultaneous formation of a reducing gas, in a bed formed of sold carbon carriers, the iron-containing material is melted when passing the bed.

Abstract: The 2-stage fluidized bed furnace for pre-reducing a fine iron ore comprises a first stage fluidized bed furnace for receiving the fine iron ore from a storage hopper, discharging medium/small particle size iron ore to the upper part thereof, and reducing a coarse particle size iron ore while forming a bubbling fluidized bed; a second stage fluidized bed furnace for receiving the medium/small particle size iron ore discharged from the upper part of the first stage and reducing it while forming a turbulent fluidized bed; and a first hot cyclone for collecting the small particle size iron ore contained in the discharged gas from the second stage fluidized bed furnace, the first stage furnace being formed in an upper-narrowed, lower-expanded shape and comprising a narrow, upper portion, a transitional, slanted portion and a wide, lower portion, the second stage furnace being in an upper-expanded, lower-narrowed shape and comprising a wide, upper portion, a transitional, slanted portion and a narrow, lower portio

Abstract: A process and apparatus for processing a shredder light fraction including multi-duct nozzle having at least an end section positionable within a metallurgical vessel containing a molten metal bath. The shredder light fraction may be fed into the molten metal bath while using only small quantities of carrier gas, e.g., air or nitrogen, and protective gas, e.g., hydrocarbon or inert gas. The shredder light fraction and the carrier gas may be injected into the molten metal bath as a main jet and oxygen may also be injected into the molten metal bath as a secondary jet. The primary jet and the secondary jet may be surrounded by a gas jet formed by the protective gas being injected into the molten metal bath.

Abstract: A continuous-casting mold has walls resting on an oscillating lifting platform and is provided with a stirrer which incorporates a magnetic circuit. The stirrer has a yoke which at least partially surrounds the walls of the mold and which has at least two cores facing opposite sides of the mold. In order to prevent the magnetic force of the stirrer from deforming the walls of the mold, the lifting platform, which sets the walls of the mold into oscillation, is designed as the yoke and each core is located on a bracket projecting out of the lifting platform.

Abstract: A plant for producing metal includes a electricity supply system and a direct-current electric arc furnace connected thereto, where in order to make do with an electricity supply system possessing a relatively small short-circuit capacity, the direct-current electric arc furnace has at least two electrodes and the electricity supply system has a system short-circuit capacity S.sub.k which is at least equal to ##EQU1## wherein S.sub.i is the nominal power per electrode and i represents an index for the electrodes that varies from 1 up to the maximum number of electrodes in the direct-current electric arc furnace.

Abstract: A device for three-stage fluidized bed for reducing a fine iron ore in accordance with the present invention comprises: a first single-type fluidized bed furnace for drying/pre-heating a fine iron ore in a bubbling fluidized state; a first cyclone for collecting fine iron ore particles entrained in an exhaust gas from the first fluidized bed furnace; a second single-type fluidized bed furnace for pre-reducing the fine iron ore dried/pre-heated in the first fluidized bed furnace; a second cyclone for collecting fine iron ore particles entrained in an exhaust gas from the second fluidized bed furnace; a third twin-type fluidized bed furnace comprising a first cylindrical reaction furnace and a second reaction furnace for finally reducing coarse iron ore particles and medium/fine iron ore particles, respectively, which are pre-reduced in the second fluidized bed furnace; a third cyclone for collecting medium/fine iron ore particles entrained in an exhaust gas from the first reaction furnace of the third fluidize

Abstract: A method related to a start-up phase for continuous casting of a molten metal. The molten metal flows into a continuous casting mold through at least one lateral opening of a submerged nozzle and through at least one bottom opening of the submerged nozzle. The at least one lateral opening may be directed toward a respective at least one wall of the continuous casting mold and the at least one bottom opening may be directed in a casting direction. During a start-up phase of the continuous casting process, a higher ratio of flow rates of molten metal through the at least one lateral opening to the molten metal flowing through the at least one bottom opening may be maintained than the ratio of the flow rates during a subsequent normal operation phase of the submerged nozzle.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating fine ore in which fine ore is dried by aid of a hot drying gas flowing around the ore particles. After having flown around the ore particles, the drying gas is purified while releasing entrained dust ore particles. The dust ore particles are collected and admixed to the dried fine ore. In order to avoid process disturbances in the further processing of fine ore due to excessive portions of dust ore particles present without the fine ore, drying is effected in the whirl-bed method under simultaneous wind-screening of the fine ore. The drying gas is passed through the fine ore under formation of a whirl bed and the speed of the drying gas is fixed at a rate at which entraining of dust ore particles having dimensions below a predetermined dimension is effected. The dust ore particles entrained in the drying gas are separated, collected and admixed to the dried fine ore in dosed amounts. The apparatus includes a fine ore whirl-bed drying means including a drying-gas feeding means.