Abstract: A magnetoresistive sensor and preamplifier system for sensing magnetization patterns in a magnetic disk based digital data storage and retrieval memory with a grounded magnetoresistive sensor The signals from the magnetoresistive sensor are coupled by a coupling capacitor to a grounded differential amplifier. The structure of the coupling capacitor in a monolithic integrated circuit determines the passband for the system in passing the magnetoresistive sensor signals.

Abstract: The present invention is a dual-input-to-single-output amplifier circuit having a processing amplifier, first and second coupling regions, first and second input impedance circuits, first and second feedback impedance circuits, first and second shunting impedance circuits. The processing amplifier has first and second input regions and an output region. The first and the second input regions each exhibit a relatively high circuit impedance. The output region exhibits a relatively low circuit impedance. The processing amplifier is capable of providing at the output region a signal in a first magnitude direction substantially similar to a signal provided at the second input region in the first magnitude direction but of a greater magnitude in the first magnitude direction.

Abstract: A three-phase generator boost circuit for augmenting the back electromotive force produced by a spindle motor of a disk drive is disclosed. First and second nodes provide normal connection to a source of DC voltage for the spindle motor and a second motor connected between the first and second nodes. A commutator is connected to a sequencer to operate the spindle motor. In the event of catastrophic shutdown, two of the lower commutator switches are operated to short circuit the two stator coils having the highest and lowest voltages to store energy in the coils. The commutator switches are then operated to discharge current through the nodes to a storage capacitor for the second motor.

Abstract: A preamplifier bias circuit for use in an AC coupled magnetoresistive read head amplifier which includes a pair of head contacts, a pair of amplifier inputs, a pair of coupling capacitors and a means for selectively shunting the amplifier inputs and rapidly charge the coupling capacitors. The pair of head contacts and the pair of amplifier inputs couple the preamplifier bias circuit to a magnetoresistive element and a read amplifier, respectively. Each of the coupling capacitors is connected between one of the head contacts and one of the amplifier inputs to block a static potential across the magnetoresistive element. The means for selectively shunting the amplifier inputs selectively provides a low impedance path to rapidly charge the coupling capacitors and clamps the amplifier inputs to a known potential. By selectively providing a low impedance path, the AC coupled magnetoresistive read head amplifier can be protected and its associated delay time prior to operation can be decreased.

Abstract: An integrated, tuning circuit for tuning a MOSFET-C filter contains a tuning MOSFET and a differential amplifier. A current source is connected to the drain of the tuning MOSFET. The output of the amplifier is coupled to the drain of the tuning MOSFET and to a terminal that connects to the drains of the MOSFETs of the filter, so that the equivalent resistance of the filter is dependant on the current. The current source is coupled to a reference current generator, such that current supplied by the current source to the tuning MOSFET is proportional to the current supplied in the reference current generator, which in turn varies with process and environmental conditions of a capacitance. As a result, changes in process and environmental conditions oppositely affect the capacitance and resistance in the filter, resulting in a fixed RC product and fixed frequency response from the filter.

Abstract: A circuit is provided to switch a drive transistor in a write driver circuit controlled by a write control signal to direct write current in a selected direction through an inductive head. Current is selectively conducted from a control region of the drive transistor in response to switching of the write control signal. A first bias circuit limits voltage fluctuation at the control region of the drive transistor. A second bias circuit prevents saturation of the drive transistor.

Abstract: A write driver, having a pair of head nodes for connection to a write head, includes two diodes connected respectively the head nodes and the emitters of first and second upper drive transistors. The diodes, which are preferably Schottky diodes, increase the voltage necessary to breakdown the emitter pn junctions of the upper drive transistors, thereby enabling a greater head swing voltage, higher switching rates, and ultimately closer spacing of data on a magnetic medium. Additionally, a preferred embodiment of the write driver includes two voltage clamps, each coupled between a respective head node and a first supply node, to limit the magnitude of voltage spikes resulting from self-inductance of the write head.

Abstract: An apparatus for demodulating two pilot tones for use by a servo control for a magnetic read head is disclosed. The apparatus provides positioning information to position the read head adjacent to a desired information track of a magnetic storage medium. The apparatus comprises a first and a second pilot tone demodulation unit. Each pilot tone demodulation unit comprises a band pass filter for providing a first filtered output signal having an amplitude and a phase representative of the first and the second frequency pilot tones, respectively. A delay lock loop receives the first filtered out of the band pass filter and determines a phase of the frequency pilot tone. A multiplier is connected to the output of the band pass filter and the output of the delay lock loop for multiplying the frequency pilot tone with the output signal of the delay lock loop. A low pass filter is connected to the output of the multiplier for filtering out undesired signals and for passing a DC signal.

Abstract: A power supply filter has a primary current source coupled to a node carrying a power supply signal. The second end of the primary current source is coupled to an impedance that is further coupled to a low voltage node. A differential amplifier having an inverting input, a non-inverting input, and an output, has its non-inverting input coupled to the junction between the impedance and the primary current source. The output of the differential amplifier carries the filtered power supply signal and is coupled to a capacitance. The capacitance is coupled between the output and a lower voltage. A feedback path is coupled between the output and the inverting input.

Abstract: A write driver, having a pair of inputs for receiving write data signals, includes a TTL buffer circuit connected to one input and a PECL buffer circuit connected to both inputs. A detector, responsive to a voltage at one of the inputs, selectively operates either the TTL buffer circuit or the PECL buffer circuit. The detector preferably comprises a comparator, a switching circuit, and two current mirrors. The comparator compares the voltage at one of the inputs to a reference voltage and outputs a signal controlling the switching circuit. The switching circuit enables one of the current mirrors, thereby enabling either the TTL or the PECL buffer circuit. In the preferred embodiment, a Schottky diode isolates the TTL buffer circuit from the PECL buffer circuit.

Abstract: A preamplifier circuit, which produces an output signal representative of signals from a magnetoresistive read head, includes a current bias circuit for providing a bias current to the read head, and first and second amplifiers for amplifying signals from the read head. The first amplifier, with an input for coupling to the read head, outputs first signals representative of changes in head resistance. The first signals have an amplitude substantially independent of the head resistance and proportional to a temperature dependent characteristic of the first amplifier. The second amplifier, which is coupled to the first amplifier, outputs a second signal having an amplitude proportional to the amplitude of the first signals and inversely proportional to the temperature dependent characteristic. Thus, the amplitude of the second signal is substantially independent of head resistance and the temperature dependent characteristic.

Abstract: A differential transimpedance amplifier with reduced input impedance and increased bandwidth having a pair of input contacts, a pair of summing transistors, a pair of feedback transistors, a pair of output resistors, a pair of feedback resistors, a first and a second node and a pair of output contacts. The input contacts each being connected to one or more sources of current that are to be summed and are connected to the pair of summing transistors. The pair of feedback transistors are connected to the pair of input contacts, the pair of feedback resistors and to the first node for differentially reducing the input impedance of the pair of summing transistors and to overcome voltage excursions at the pair of input contacts to increase the operational bandwidth of the transimpedance amplifier.

Abstract: A write driver, having a pair of head pins for connection to a write head, includes two push-pull buffer circuits connected respectively between first and second pull-up resistors and the control nodes of first and second upper drive transistors. The buffer circuits selectively charge and discharge the inherent capacitances of the upper drive transistors, thereby accelerating their turn on and turn off without diminishing head swing. Moreover, connecting the buffer circuits between the pull-up resistors and the upper transistors effectively isolates, or buffers, the pull-up resistors from the self-inductance voltages of the write head, reducing glitching in the write-head output signal.

Abstract: An open-loop biasing circuit for a magnetoresistive element provides high common mode and power supply rejection. Two current sources are connected together by two conduction paths. A first conduction path has two impedances. One impedance is tied between the first current source and ground and the second impedance is tied between the second current source and ground. The second conduction path includes the magnetoresistive element. A capacitive path between the two current sources reduces power supply noise and a voltage follower reduces parasitic capacitance in the capacitive path.

Abstract: An active damping system for reducing the ringing effects in write current signals flowing through a write head of a disk drive write circuit. The active damping system stores a voltage related to the write current, sinks write current from a terminal of the write head in response to a predetermined rate of increase in the stored voltage, and provides a high impedance to the terminal when the rate of increase of stored voltage is below the predetermined rate. The active damping system preferably includes a transistor connected between the write head terminal and a common electrical potential, a capacitor connected between the terminal and a base of the transistor, and a resistor connected between the base of the transistor and the common electrical potential.

Abstract: A multiplexer selectively connects one of first and second nodes to a third node. The multiplexer includes a first switch coupled between the first and third nodes, a second switch coupled between the second and third nodes, and a control input for receiving a signal to either open the first switch and close the second switch or open the second switch and close the first switch. Additionally, a delay circuit, coupled to the control input and the second switch, delays closure of the second switch until the first switch is open. In a preferred embodiment, the delay circuit includes two field-effect transistors having substantially different width-to-length ratios.

Abstract: The present invention is a system for reading information stored on a plurality of disk surfaces. The system comprises a plurality of channels each containing a preamplifier having first and second terminals for connection to an MR head. A bias circuit is provided common to all of the plurality of channels. The preamplifier in each channel includes first and second channel select circuits responsive to first and second channel select signals and current output from the bias circuit to output currents based on the current's output from the bias circuit. The preamplifier in each channel also includes first and second complementary output transistor circuits responsive to the current's output from the first and second channel select circuits and to the first and second voltages to provide bias current through the respective MR head connected between the first and second terminals of the respective channel. The system is entirely symmetrical around ground for improved common mode rejection.

Abstract: A multiplying digital-to-analog converter produces first and second output currents that have a magnitude difference equal to a gain value multiplied by a magnitude difference between first and second input currents. The multiplying digital-to-analog converter has first and second input nodes for carrying the first and second input currents and first and second output nodes for carrying the first and second output currents. A first input transistor has a first terminal coupled to the first input node, a second terminal with voltage that increases with increases in the first input current, and a third terminal for carrying a first input bias current. A second input transistor has a first terminal coupled to the second input node, a second terminal with a voltage that increases with increases in the second input current, and a third terminal for carrying a second input bias current.

Abstract: A biasing circuit for a two terminal sensing element has two separate biasing elements. Both biasing elements are controlled by a transconductance feedback circuit that controls feedback currents based upon a voltage associated with the sensing element. Both biasing elements also receive an activation value from an activation circuit. The activation value activates both biasing elements directly, without using the feedback loop.

Abstract: A preamplifier and its associated biasing circuitry for connection to a magnetoresistive sensor having a first end and a second end is disclosed. The biasing circuitry properly biases the preamplifier such that the preamplifier can properly read signals from the sensor. The preamplifier includes a first transistor. A base of the first transistor is connected to the first end of the magnetoresistive sensor. An emitter of the second transistor is connected to the emitter of the first transistor. A collector of the third transistor is connected to the collector of the first transistor. A base of the fourth transistor is connected to the second end of the magnetoresistive sensor, while the collector of the fourth transistor is connected to the collector of the second transistor, and the emitter of the fourth transistor is connected to the emitter of the third transistor. The preamplifier further includes a voltage source and a first and a second resistor.