Abstract: The present invention includes a solvent system comprising a pristine nanoparticle solute suspended in a liquid solvent. The solute is selected from the group consisting of a metal oxide, a mixed metal oxide, a chalcogenide, and a mixed metal chalcogenide; and the solvent system is characterized by a value of chi less than about 0.00.

Abstract: A pseudocapacitor employs plates having an active material of a nanoparticles sized ceramic mixed ionic-electronic conductor such as may have the nominal formula of ABO3, A2BO4, AB2O4, and AO2, where A and B are metals. The active material may be prepared to promote sublattice vacancies to provide for the storage of additional charge.

Abstract: A medical crutch having a number of bends in the frame for redistributing the amount of pressure applied to a user's hand, arm, and axilla. The frame has a first jog outwardly sidewards relative to a user's body and a second jog outwardly forward relative to the user's body. The frame may attach an adjustable handle, forearm rest and underarm support, among other attachments. The frame is adapted to fit all average sizes by adjusting the positions of the attachments.

Abstract: A method of fabricating nanowires or microwires employs a robust conductive surface whose edges define electrodes for promoting electrochemical deposition of nanowire material at those edges. Controlled deposition times and thin conductive layers allow extremely small diameter wires to be created and then removed without destruction of the pattern and the wires to be applied to a second substrate or used for composite materials.

Abstract: Methods of isoprenoid production are provided by the present invention. In particular, transgenic Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 cyanobacteria and methods for producing isoprene and pinene using a host transgenic Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 cyanobacterium are provided.

Abstract: A container, for example for a food product or the like, provides an elevating lower inner surface that may sealably support a contained food product to raise the upper surface of the food product as it is consumed. Importantly, the container avoids an extension of the elevating mechanism into the product itself, reducing problems of contamination and leakage.

Abstract: The present disclosures provides isolated or purified compounds, each of which bind to a metal atom. Generally, the compounds are small in size (e.g, molecular weight of less than about 1 kDa) and peptidic in nature, inasmuch as the compounds comprise amino acids. In some embodiments, the compound comprises a structure of Formula I: M1-P1-M2-P2 wherein each of P1 and P2 is a peptide comprising at least two amino acids, M1 is a first metal binding moiety comprising a substituted imidazolone ring, M2 is a second metal binding moiety comprising a substituted oxazolone ring, and wherein M1 and M2 bind to a single metal atom. Also provided are related complexes, conjugates, cells which synthesize the compounds of the present disclosures, substantially homogenous cultures thereof, kits and compositions, and methods of making or using the materials of the present disclosures.

Abstract: A headrest assembly for assisting individuals with hypertonic extension pattern provides a pivoting support that better matches the pivoting motion of the patient's head in backward extension. A restoring spring absorbs and dissipates the energy of the extension and provides adjustable spring restoring force.

Abstract: The present invention is a process and apparatus for forming various bio-products from cellulosic plant material. The plant material is subjected to a pulping step in which lignin is extracted from the material by an aqueous lignin solvent to form a lignin-solvent mixture and purified cellulose. The lignin-solvent mixture can be separated from the water to form a high energy density fuel that can be used independently or combined with biodiesel. The purified cellulose can be used in conventional processes, e.g., paper making, or can be converted to fermentable sugars with a cellulase enzyme to produce other bio-products depending on the operating conditions of the fermenter. The bio-products produced by the fermenter can include the solvent that may be recycled for use in extracting the lignin.

Abstract: A method for characterizing tissues within a subject as cancerous or non-cancerous includes determining the electrical properties of the subject. The electrical properties of the subject are fit to a model and a characteristic frequency of each tissue is then calculated. Each tissue is finally characterized as cancerous or non-cancerous if its characteristic frequency lies above a threshold value.

Abstract: A beverage container includes a recyclable, multilayered, polymer bottle covered by an ultraviolet-absorbent, biodegradable and removable overlay. The container is thus both suitable for light sensitive products, such as beer, and ecologically sound in design for recycling. In one embodiment the bottle is a polyethylene terephthalate bottle covered by a biodegradable plastic, upon which has been printed various materials desired by the producer or consumer. The biodegradable plastic is removed by the consumer before disposal to facilitate the recycling process.

Abstract: A pulp pre-processor for the papermaking industry uses pulp fiber analyzers to determine the distribution of fiber parameters, such as length, curl or coarseness from a feed source, such as recycled pulp, and mixes metered portions of pulp from augmenting pulp sources on an as-needed basis to provide a uniform distribution of a particular fiber parameter while maximizing use of recycled pulp.

Abstract: A versioning system for electronic textbooks provided to a variety of textbook readers uses a highly abstracted content file tagged with content identifiers allowing this content file to be readily re-edited into multiple versions compatible with different curricula and suitable for a range of different reader types.

Abstract: A method of fabricating nanowires or microwires employs a robust conductive surface whose edges define electrodes for promoting electrochemical deposition of nanowire material at those edges. Controlled deposition times and thin conductive layers allow extremely small diameter wires to be created and then removed without destruction of the pattern and the wires to be applied to a second substrate or used for composite materials.

Abstract: The present invention is a process and apparatus for forming various bio-products from cellulosic plant material. The plant material is subjected to a pulping step in which lignin is extracted from the material by an aqueous lignin solvent to form a lignin-solvent mixture and purified cellulose. The lignin-solvent mixture can be separated from the water to form a high energy density fuel that can be used independently or combined with biodiesel. The purified cellulose can be used in conventional processes, e.g., paper making, or can be converted to fermentable sugars with a cellulase enzyme to produce other bio-products depending on the operating conditions of the fermenter. The bio-products produced by the fermenter can include the solvent that may be recycled for use in extracting the lignin.

Abstract: An electrical energy storage device includes a first electrode; a second electrode; a separator; and an electrolyte; where the separator is an electronic insulator; the separator is positioned between the first and second electrodes; the separator includes a first surface proximal to the first electrode and a second surface proximal to the second electrode; the separator is configured to support an electric double layer at the first surface, the second surface, or at both the first surface and the second surface; and the device is an electrical energy storage device.

Abstract: A planar substrate for electrochemical experimentation provides multiple isolated electrical conductors sandwiched between insulating layers of ultrananocrystalline diamond. The isolated electrical conductors may attach to conductive pads at the periphery of the substrate and exposed at apertures in the central region of the substrate for a variety of experimental purposes.

Abstract: A device for characterizing ex vivo tissue employs a set of independent electrodes that may be used to scan the tissue by moving a voltage gradient across the tissue surface acquiring impedance spectrographs that may be mapped to an image.

Abstract: A phosphor for use, for example, with an ultraviolet LED to provide a broad-spectrum white light approximating diffuse sunlight, that includes quantum dots spaced from an activator material by a capping layer surrounding the quantum dots. This approach of spacing an activator material from the quantum dots provides improved spectral output for quantum dots of materials such as zinc sulfide.

Abstract: In preferred embodiments, the present invention provides methods of treatment and pharmaceutical compositions for the suppression, alleviation and prevention of seizures. The preferred embodiments of the present invention further relate to methods of treatment and pharmaceutical compositions using benzodiazepine derivatives that provide suppression, alleviation and prevention of seizures with reduced sedative and ataxic side effects.