Abstract: A monocapillary has a first region of constant inner dimension where the angle of reflection remains essentially constant as radiation is guided therethrough. The monocapillary also has a second region of decreasing inner dimension in a direction toward the outlet where the radiation is guided therethrough. In another embodiment, the monocapillary also has a third region at the inlet of increasing inner dimension toward the outlet direction where the radiation is guided therethrough.

Abstract: A multiple-channel optic with each channel having a radius of curvature that varies directly with channel size (i.e., as the radius of curvature increases or decreases, so does the channel size, although not necessarily at the same rate).

Abstract: An apparatus and method for providing focused x-ray, gamma-ray, charged particle and neutral particle, including neutron, radiation beams with a controllable amount of divergence are disclosed. The apparatus features a novel use of a radiation blocking structure, which, when combined with multiple-channel total reflection optics, increases the versatility of the optics by providing user-controlled output-beam divergence.

Abstract: A system comprising a novel combination of a multiple-channel monolithic capillary optic and an x-ray source with a spot size of less than 300 microns to produce a high intensity small diameter x-ray beam is described. A system of this invention can be easily adapted for use in the analysis of small samples where an intense quasi-parallel, or converging x-ray beam is required.

Abstract: A method of generating a neutron-radiographic image of a sample by passing a generated neutron beam through a multiple-channel, multiple-total-external reflection neutron bender/filter manipulator which includes at least one multiple-channel element, directing an output beam from the neutron bender/filter manipulator onto the sample; passing a neutron beam exiting the sample though a multiple-channel, multiple-total-external reflection neutron scatter-rejection manipulator which includes at least one multiple-channel element, the multiple-channel element being comprised of a material containing a nuclear isotope which is highly absorptive to neutrons with energies less than approximately 10,000 eV; and detecting a beam which exits the scatter-rejection manipulator.

Abstract: Analytic instruments using a Kumakhov lens are described. These instruments are useful for X-ray fluorescence analysis or spectroscopy, microscopy, digital subtraction analysis, electron microbeam analysis, X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction, among others. The analytic instrument provide increased precision and accuracy over instrumentation known in the art. Methods for using these instruments are also taught.

Abstract: A device for controlling beams of particles, X-rays and gamma rays including a plurality of channels with total external reflection inner surfaces, input butt-ends facing a radiation source and output butt-ends aimed at a radiation receiver is taught. Channel-forming elements are in the form of surfaces, tubes, and structures with multiple channels and are rigidly positioned one relative to another with a spacing between supports such that the sagging of the channel-forming elements does not interfere with beam propagation. The device can be used to capture radiation from sources which produce parallel or divergent radiation. The resulting beam or beams can be of a variety of shapes or angular orientations including quasi-parallel, convergent, and split beams.

Abstract: An X-ray lithography device which utilizes a Kumakhov lens is disclosed. This device is capable of using both small area sources and synchrotron sources. This device provides improved X-ray control, precision and accuracy. Also provided is a method of X-ray lithograph which incorporates a Kumakhov lens.