Abstract: A process including: treating a mixture comprising an aqueous dispersion of toner particles and a first solution of a water soluble alkyl carboxylate metal salt with a second solution of a water soluble metal salt.

Abstract: A method to form a seven-color CMYKRGB or eight-color CMYKRGBW image having reduced toner pile height than in conventional four-color xerography, resulting in more uniform image gloss. The method includes the steps of: forming first spot next to spot toner images by placing spots of toner of a first color next to spots of toner of a second color on a first photoconductive member; forming second spot next to spot toner images by placing spots of toner of a third color next to spots of toner of a four color a second photoconductive member, and transferring said first and second spot next to spot images to form a composite spot next to spot image on an intermediate imaging member.

Abstract: A toner composition including a binder, colorant, and a toner particle surface additive component comprised of a fumed silica coated with a first major amount of an alkylsilane compound and a second minor amount of an aminoalkylsilane compound, wherein the fumed silica has a relatively large particle size of, for example, a primary particle size diameter determined by BET measurement of from about 25 to about 75 nanometers an aggregate particle size of from about 225 nanometers to about 400 nanometers. A toner composition including a binder, colorant, and a toner particle surface additive component comprised of a mixture of first coated fumed silica coated with an alkylsilane compound and a second coated fumed silica coated with an aminoalkylsilane compound wherein the first and second fumed silicas each has the same relatively large particle size.

Abstract: A transducer includes a vibratory energy producing element that generates vibratory energy and a waveguide member coupled to the vibratory energy producing element and transmitting the vibratory energy. The waveguide member has a longitudinal axis and is divided along the longitudinal axis into a plurality of waveguide segments. The transducer is tuned, i.e., brought into specification, by altering a mass of at least one of the waveguide segments relative to a mass of the other waveguide elements.

Abstract: A method of registering a moving sheet with an image developed on a surface includes the steps of transferring at least the portion of a developed test area overlapping the sheet edge to a sheet, sensing the untransferred portion of the test area, and measuring at least one dimension of the untransferred test area to determine the image to sheet registration.

Abstract: A roll fusing apparatus for effectively heating and fusing quality toner images on various different types of substrates is provided. The roll fusing apparatus includes a frame; a heated fuser roller having a first end and a second end respectively mounted to the frame; and a pressure roller mounted to the frame and forming a fusing nip with the heated fuser roller. The heated fuser roller and the pressure roller are movable for receiving, heating and applying a nip force to toner images being moved through the fusing nip on various different types of substrates. The roll fusing apparatus importantly includes a fusing nip force controlling assembly for precisely setting and controlling fusing nip forces within the fusing nip at different values for effectively heating and fusing quality toner images on the various different types of substrates.

Abstract: Automatic image enhancement of halftone images is performed by subjecting the halftone image to a low-pass filter so as to smooth out halftone variations between adjacent pixels prior to performing conventional image analysis and image processing.

Abstract: In a stapler for variably stapling a set or stack of sheets manually inserted through the stapler entrance path with different orientations, there is a sheet guide system with movable guide members automatically differently repositioned into different sheet guiding positions in the entrance path by the sheet stack insertion and its angle of insertion, including switching in between a corner angled stapling alignment position and a linear sheet edge aligned stapling position, respectively differently positioning the sheet stack for stapling. It may include a base plate, a pair of guide elements movably mounted on the base plate, and a fixed registration wall. The guide members in the corner angled stapling position may present opposing converging 45 degree angled edge registration surfaces to the inserted sheet stack. For edge stapling, the same guide members and/or the registration wall may present one, or two straight edge registration surfaces to the inserted stack.

Abstract: A process control method for color quality control maintains a preselected developed mass per unit area (DMA) of black solid area by adjusting the development field during run-time operation. In order to estimate the DMA of a solid black control patch, which is outside the sensing range of an infra-red densitometer (IRD), an estimation technique is employed which accounts for system changes due to adjustment of the development field. The estimation technique includes generating two or more test patches, using a patch generator, which have DMA readings within the sensing range of the IRD. The DMA readings and corresponding development voltages of the test patches are sensed and used to calculate a developability curve. The developability curve is projected into a region beyond the sensing range of the IRD. From the developability curve, the DMA of the solid black control patch is estimated and employed in a closed feedback loop to return the system to the preselected DMA by adjusting the development field.

Abstract: A modulator drive function, for a hyperacuity laser printer that produces text and line art and halftones from numerically sampled input, incorporates device dependent characteristics, such as xerographic development and laser spot size, to position these edges precisely. The modulation drive function converts r,&thgr; channel coordinates to drive values for each scan within the span of its own channel pitch. A spline-based edge reproduction curve (ERC) compensates for slowscan phase errors and a temporal bias compensates for fastscan spot size. An electronic digital-to-analog converter, pulse width modulator or shift register can be used to control exposure.

Abstract: It is to provide a surface emitting semiconductor laser device having a long life time and uniform light output characteristics. A periphery of an upper surface and a side surface of a mesa structure is covered with a silicon oxide nitride film 34 as an inorganic insulating film, the mesa structure comprising a lower DBR 16 of a first conductive type formed on a first primary surface of an n-type GaAs substrate 12, having formed thereon an active region 24, an upper DBR 26 containing an AlAs layer 32 as the lowermost layer, and a p-type GaAs contact layer 28.

Abstract: A micro-electromechanical bistable shutter display device is provided capable of being implemented for both small screen, high resolution devices and for large billboard-type displays. The micro-electromechanical shutter assembly has bi-stability characteristics which allow the use of only a holding voltage to maintain an image. The micro-electromechanical shutter assembly includes a shutter having petal-like shutter segments covering reflective or transmittive films. To expose the film in a particular shutter assembly, its shutter segments are moved from the horizontal to a vertical position using electrostatic attraction forces to “collapse” the torsionally-hinged shutter segments. The shutter assembly can have a number of segments, as long as the resulting shutter assembly shape can be stacked to form a dense 2D array.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member including a support member, a charge generating layer and a charge transport layer, the charge transport layer including a cross linked matrix derived from a cross linkable aromatic polymer with substituent groups containing unsaturated carbon to carbon double bond, the substituent groups being free of any urethane linkage and attached to phenylene.

Abstract: A droplet emitter with an array of droplet emitting devices constructed such that a flowing liquid used create the droplets can flow through the droplet emitter at higher flow rates. The higher flow rates prevent excess heat absorption during the droplet emission process and allow for excess heat generated by control electronics to be transferred to the flowing liquid after droplet emission but before it leaves the droplet emitter. This prevents excess heat build-up within the droplet emitter and allows for higher more accurate droplet emission.

Abstract: Apparatus for stacking sheets comprises a duplex tray for holding a sheet in a temporary storage position. A dispense nip is formed at an outlet of the tray. Rollers feed a sheet from the temporary storage position by a predetermined distance through the dispense nip. Any sheets already located in the dispense nip are fed at the same time by substantially the same predetermined distance, whereby a shingled stack of sheets is obtained.

Abstract: A pulse width modulation circuit utilizes a clock divider to generate a plurality of clocks to be used by a plurality of delay blocks. Each delay block has plurality of delay elements each of which receives one the plurality of clocks. Each delay block receives a delay data, selects a number of the plurality of clocks based on the delay data and activates the respective delay elements for delaying its input signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to electro optical devices with a reduced filter thinning on the edge pixels and a method for reducing the thinning of filter layers on the pixels closest to the edge of an electro optical device such as a photosensitive chip, as would be used, for example, in a full-color digital copier or scanner. A semiconductor wafer includes a main surface defining a plurality of chip areas and tab regions separated by grooves, wherein the chip areas include inner photosites, outer photosites and bonding pads. A plurality of dams are deposited over the main surface in the tab regions, and a clear layer is deposited over the main surface exclusive of the bonding pads. Alternatively, a clear layer is deposited over the main surface exclusive of the bonding pads, and a plurality of tabs is then deposited in the tab regions on the main surface.

Abstract: A method of searching for information in a text database, comprising: receiving (s1) at least one user input, the user input(s) defining a natural language expression, converting (s2, s3) the natural language expression to a tagged form (50, 51) including part-of-speech tags, applying (s4) to the tagged form (51) one or more grammar rules of the language of the natural language expression (49), to derive a regular expression (52), and analyzing (s5) the text database to determine whether there is a match between said regular expression (52) and a portion of said text database. An apparatus for carrying out this techniques is also disclosed. Users may find portions of a text which match multiword expressions given by the user.

Abstract: A photoreceptor including: (a) a substrate; (b) a charge blocking layer comprising a polymer polymerized fiom at least one monomer including vinylbenzyl alcohol monomer; and (c) at least one imaging layer.