Abstract: A first, thicker, annular gallium arsenide semiconductor layer surrounds a second, thinner, circular gallium arsenide semiconductor layer in a vertical cavity surface emitting laser. The thinner circular gallium arsenide layer defines the output window for the laser cavity which matches the TEM.sub.00 fundamental mode of the light beam emitted by the active region of the VCSEL. The thicker annular gallium arsenide layer outside the output window of the thinner circular gallium arsenide layer provides modal reflectivity discrimination against high order transverse modes of the light beam emitted by the active region of the VCSEL.

Abstract: A method and system for detecting registration markers having the shape of an `X` on a scanned test target used to calibrate an image processing system. The procedure is impervious to scanning and printing distortion. A captured image is converted to a binary image and then segmented into a list of eight-connected components. A set of features is extracted from each component in the list. An accurate decision rule is executed on each component. If a component is found to be a marker, its centroid is returned as its position.

Abstract: An apparatus for grinding particulate material includes a grinding chamber. Fluid sources mounted on the peripheral wall of the grinding chamber generate a stream of fluid directed along the source axis of the fluid source towards the inside of the grinding chamber. Fluid flow guides associated with fluid sources have a first aperture. Guide members associated with fluid sources have a second aperture. Each guide member co-operates with the fluid stream of the associated fluid source and the associated fluid flow guide to draw fluid towards an upstream portion of the fluid stream and to direct fluid away from a downstream portion of the fluid stream. The fluid streams from the fluid sources overlap in an empty zone of the grinding chamber. The particulate material is introduced into the fluid streams, accelerated by the fluid streams and directed towards the empty zone. Thus particles from different streams collide in the empty zone.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a filter element to prevent contaminants from entering an ink supply inlet of an ink jet printhead. The filter is formed by laser ablation process in which output laser radiation is directed through a mask system or light transmitting system to create a filter hole pattern in a thin film. Slightly tapered holes are formed in the film, and the formed filter element is laminated to the ink supply inlet. The tapered holes provide improved flow/impedance and add increased structural strength.

Abstract: An error diffusion processor for preparing a document image for printing. Shadows and highlights regions stress error diffusion processes, because accumulated error cannot be easily compensated for in these regions. Edge enhancement emphasizes the problem by locally increasing error in order to maintain spatial detail of the image. The arrangement described puts an additional term into the error calculation that is a function of local intensity, with substantial value only in shadow and highlight regions to correct for edge enhancement artifacts.

Abstract: A toner composition comprised of resin particles, pigment and a charge enhancing additive comprised of a polymer or said resin particles with a charge enhancing moiety chemically attached thereto, and which charge additive is of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is an alkaline, an alkaline earth metal, a metal, or the ammonium cation H.sub.4 N+, R".sub.4 N+ wherein R" is an alkyl or arylalkyl group; R is alkylene, cyclohexyl, bisphenol, bis(alkyloxyl), or oxyalkylene; and R' is an alkylene, an arylene, cycloalkylene group.

Abstract: Disclosed is a composition comprising a blend of (a) a thermally reactive polymer selected from the group consisting of resoles, novolacs, thermally reactive polyarylene ethers, and mixtures thereof; and (b) a photoreactive epoxy resin that is photoreactive in the absence of a photocationic initiator.

Abstract: A system by which defective circuitry associated with a single photosensor in an image sensor array can be readily detected, without the defect being "covered" by a good signal from a neighboring photosensor. The output line onto which a series of photosensors and their transfer circuits output video signals is grounded via a pulldown resistor. When a defective photosensor circuit fails to place a bias on the output line, the bias on the output line quickly drifts towards zero. By detecting this relatively sudden drift towards zero bias, a defective photosensor or its associated circuitry can be identified.

Abstract: The present invention provides a non-linear optical material having an excellent non-linear optical effect which is insusceptible to modification of a cuprous halide incorporated therein. The present invention also provides a process which enables the preparation of such a non-linear optical material at a low temperature by means of a simple apparatus. The non-linear optical material of the present invention exhibits a nonlinear response to incident light and comprises a particulate cuprous halide dispersed in a matrix, said particulate cuprous halide having been separated out with the reaction of a functional group contained in a matrix-forming substance having a functional group, wherein said matrix contains a compound for inhibiting the modification of said cuprous halide.

Abstract: A release agent management system applies a preestablished quantity of a release agent to the image area of a transfuse member. A toner image is transferred to the image area. The image area is moved to a transfuse nip where the toner image is generally simultaneously transferred and fused to a substrate to form a document.

Abstract: An image recording method and apparatus with at least one dye having a general formula dissolved in an aqueous liquid, an image supporting member and a counter electrode opposing the image supporting member placed in the aqueous liquid, and an electric current or electric field applied between the image supporting member and counter electrode according to an image pattern to electrochemically deposit an image forming material containing the dye onto a surface of the image supporting member to simply and safely form a high quality image.

Abstract: The present invention provides a coding apparatus, decoding apparatus, coding-decoding apparatus and corresponding methods which easily generate an adaptive Huffman code. The coding apparatus includes a frequency counting element that counts the frequency of appearance of symbols in input data and a symbol selecting element that selects the data having a frequency larger than a predetermined threshold value as dominant symbol frequency data and transfers the dominant symbol frequency data to a code assigning element. The coding apparatus further includes a fixed code word memory that stores the Huffman codes prepared in advance and transfers them to the code assigning element as fixed code word data. The code assigning element generates the Huffman codes for the dominant symbols and synthesizes the Huffman codes and the fixed code word data stored in the fixed code word memory to obtain the Huffman code as a whole. The obtained Huffman code is stored in a code word memory.

Abstract: Electrophotographic printers having raster output scanners that correct for polygon facet phasing errors and photoreceptor position errors by aerial scan line adjustments. A photoreceptor position sensor senses the position of the photoreceptor and a facet position sensor senses the position of the polygon facets. A scan line position controller produces a position signal that depends upon the photoreceptor position sensor and the facet position sensor. A piezoelectric-actuated lens mover assembly receives the position signal and moves a pre-polygon lens to adjust the scan line plane to correct for any misregistration. The piezoelectric-actuated lens mover assembly includes a large displacement piezoelectric element and a flexible arm assembly that holds the pre-polygon lens.

Abstract: A technique for decoding message data that has been encoded into a printed color image locates small image regions called signal cells that carry the encoded message. Each signal cell is composed of a spatial pattern of colored subregions that collectively have an overall average color. The colors of the subregions are defined as changes (modulations) to the average color in one or more directions in a multi-dimensional color space. The decoding technique uses a set of valid signal blocks, each of which is a unique pattern of color modulated subregions. There is a valid signal block for each valid message value defined in the coding scheme. The decoding operation first locates the positions of the signal cells in the acquired image and then subtracts the local average color of each signal cell from the cell to produce a received signal block. Then the decoding operation determines which valid signal block each received signal block is by comparing each valid signal block to a received signal block.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus, such as an electrophotography-basis copying machine or laser printer, ribs are provided on and along both side ends of the inner surface of an intermediate transfer belt. Rib guides are provided on both ends of a drive roll. The ribs are brought into contact with the rib guides, whereby the intermediate transfer belt is guided. The diameter of each rib guide is slightly larger than the diameter of the drive roll, to thereby form a gap between the drive roll and the intermediate transfer belt. In a region including the gap and its vicinity, a friction created between the drive roll and the intermediate transfer belt is reduced. Therefore, thrust of each rib against each rib guide, caused by the walk, is reduced.

Abstract: A scheme that generates image processing source code for custom applications automatically by using structured image (SI) technology in a way that takes advantage of the unbound and incomplete features of SI. Resulting custom applications developed by this method can be defined and converted to running source code in minutes, or shipped to a co-user of the system in a compact portable form for remote code generation.Nested sub-component references and associated image processing operations necessary to generate an output raster image are obtained from a structured image template. Image processing operations and the order of said operations within an image processing definition are stored within the structured image definition. Unbound structured image references to undefined component objects and incomplete structured image references to image processing operations and parameters not explicitly defined within said structured image are input options.

Abstract: An apparatus for sending a switching signal to a switching device for switching the position of an injection gate of a injection molding machine for molding a work piece in a mold during a molding cycle between an open position and a closed position is provided. The switching signal is indicative of one of the open position and the closed position. The apparatus is to be hand carried by a machine operator. The apparatus includes a frame including a portion thereof for gripping by the operator and a power supply operably associated with the frame. The apparatus also includes a timer operably associated with the frame. The timer is operably connectable to the power supply for receiving an initiation signal from the injection molding machine indicative of the initiation of the molding cycle and for generating the switching signal in response to the initiation signal.

Abstract: An enhanced image conditioning process for liquid ink development assists in achieving better developability and metering capability, especially for the cases where highly viscous developer fluids are used. By selectively heating the developer fluid in the vicinity of the development zone and/or the metering zone, the viscosity of the liquid is reduced, and hence better developability and a thinner film with higher solid content for the developed image can be obtained. Another benefit of lowering the viscosity of the developer fluid is that the developer fluid can be applied and metered at a faster rate than higher viscosity fluids. Liquid ink developability control by controlling ink temperature is advantageous over conventional methods of xerography.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member includingat least one photographic imaging layer anda partially electrically conductive overcoat layer includingfinely divided charge injection enabling particles dispersed ina charge transporting continuous matrix including a cross linked polyamide, charge transport molecules and oxidized charge transport molecules, the continuous matrix being formed from a solution selected from the group includinga first solution includingcrosslinkable alcohol soluble polyamide containing methoxy methyl groups attached to amide nitrogen atoms,an acid having a pK.sub.