Abstract: According to this invention, a controlled image quality is obtained without adjustment with respect to a short range of environmental changes in temperature, humidity and the like, and feedback control is easily performed for controlled variables over a long range to cope with changes with time, and the like. In the two-component non-contact development, the image density becomes stable irrespective of any environmental changes in temperature, humidity and the like when the developing bias AC voltage in the developer unit is a predetermined value. At the same developing bias AC voltage, when the rotating speed of the development roll is changed, the image density varies While making the developing bias AC voltage and the development roller rotating speed variable at the same time, a reference pattern is prepared on a banner sheet to measure the image density with an optical sensor.

Abstract: A black toner for developing electrostatic latent images having colored particles and external additive(s) and the colored particles containing at least a binder resin, carbon black, a cyan pigment, a magenta pigment, and a yellow pigment. The concentration (C.sub.CB weight %) of carbon black, the concentration (C.sub.C weight %) of the cyan pigment, the concentration (C.sub.M weight %) of the magenta pigment, and the concentration (C.sub.Y weight %) of the yellow pigment in the colored particles preferably satisfy the following relationship (1);C.sub.CB .gtoreq.C.sub.M .gtoreq.C.sub.C .gtoreq.C.sub.Y ( 1).The black toner has the charging property, etc., suitable for forming black images and a high black density without showing color rendering.

Abstract: A cantilever valve useful for paper handling applications is disclosed. The valve can be batch fabricated in two dimensional valve arrays, with each valve in the array being controlled by passive matrix addressing. Typically, each valve includes a valve housing having an aperture plate defining an aperture therethrough, and an opposing port plate positioned in spaced apart relationship to the aperture plate. A flexible film or strip is attached at its first end between the aperture and port plates and is unattached so that it is free to move between the aperture and port plates at its second end. Valve action is provided by use of a single switching electrode for moving the flexible film between an aperture blocking position and an aperture open position, with the switching electrodes positioned adjacent to the port plate.

Abstract: A single pass ROS system provides a plurality of latent images which may subsequently be developed in different colors. A method and apparatus is provided for aligning ROS units in a single pass printing system, so that each ROS unit is aligned along the process or X-axis. After this alignment, the images formed by each ROS unit will be in proper registration within the prescribed tolerances. A signal in a closed feedback loop regulates the angular velocity and phase of the rotating polygon mirror of the first ROS unit. The same signal is also the reference signal to the feedback loops of the other rotating polygon mirrors of the other ROS units to synchronize all of the rotating polygon mirrors. The position of the scan lines formed by their respective ROS units are fixed relative to one another and thus, lacking any other error sources, are registered in the process direction.

Abstract: A contactless system including an aerodynamically floatable device, a member having an outer surface adjacent to and spaced from the aerodynamically floatable device, a support mechanism adapted to support the aerodynamically floatable device for free movement toward and away from the outer surface of the member, the aerodynamically floatable device having a side adjacent to, spaced from, parallel to and facing the outer surface of the member, the aerodynamically floatable device also containing at least one passageway for directing at least one stream of a gas from the side of the aerodynamically floatable device toward the outer surface of the member with sufficient pressure to maintain the aerodynamically floatable device a constant distance from the outer surface of the member.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a thermoplastic resin, or thermoplastic resins comprising:forming, or providing a miniemulsion comprised of a mixture of an oligomeric compound of the formula R-SFR, wherein R is an oligomeric compound comprised of from about 1 to about 30 monomer units and optionally a covalently bonded free radical initiator compound, -SFR is a covalently bound stable free radical end group, and at least one free radical polymerizable monomer compound, and a surfactant; andheating the miniemulsion wherein there results a latex thermoplastic resin or a latex of thermoplastic resins with a high monomer to polymer conversion of about 85 to about 100 percent and a narrow polydispersity of from about 1.1 to about 2.0.

Abstract: Group III-V nitride semiconductors are used as light emitters for other optoelectronic devices. To provide the desired range of bandgap and band offsets in heterostructure devices, InGaN layers have to be grown. InGaN layers are difficult to grow because of lattice mismatch with GaN, and because of problems with homogeneity. Thus, ZnGeN.sub.2 is provided as the active layer in a blue or blue-green light-emitting device. ZnGeN.sub.2 has a bandgap in the blue region of the spectrum and is almost lattice matched to GaN, making it an ideal candidate for integration with group III-V nitrides.

Abstract: An on-line sheet hole punching system for punching holes in sheets outputted by a printing system, to eliminate pre-punched sheets, with a common sheet entrance path, two separate but closely vertically superposed sheet paths, a gating system alternately gating the unpunched sheets into one of said two separate sheet paths having respective separate, but shared components, sheet punching stations with commonly reciprocally vertically driven sheet punches. The sheets are alternatingly stopped and the desired hole patterns are alternatingly punched, and the sheets ejected, in the two separate sheet paths, individually punched, or punched as stacked sets. The separately punched sheets may be remerged in a common output path. Skipped pitches or other printing or output interruptions are avoided. A common vacuum system for waste paper punch-outs collection may service both punching stations.

Abstract: A system and method which enables the location and orientation of an image to be determined without introducing scanning artifacts into the rendered image. The system utilizes a separate set of sensors on a scanning bar that are sensitive to a wavelength of light outside the range of wavelengths of the typical sensors found on the scanning bar, such as red, green, or blue. Moreover, the system includes a light source which is capable of emitting the wavelength of light that is outside this range of wavelength of light. Thus, whenever the additional set of sensors detect light, the system would determine that the light was due to a scanning artifact, such as a hole, rip, or dog ear in the original document being scanned.

Abstract: Several variations in full-color additive gyricons are shown. Each gyricon shown has been designed for ease of construction by eliminating the need for precise placement of rotating elements, alignment between the gyricon layers, if any, and alignment between the gyricon sheet and the addressing device.

Abstract: A rapid warm-up fuser roller (and fusers and marking machines that use such a fuser) comprised of a metallic cylindrical core, a thermally and electrically insulating layer of volume graft over the metallic core, a resistive heating layer over the insulating layer, and electrical connections to the resistive heating layer such that electrical current passing through the electrical connections flows through the resistive heating layer in a direction that is substantially parallel to the axis of the metallic core. The electrical current causes the resistive heating layer to heat while the insulating layer of volume graft enables rapid warm-up of the roller.

Abstract: A solid state laser array is multiplexed using an array of micromirrors to permit high resolution printing in a wide format. Each laser in the laser array and each micromirror in the mirror array is individually controlled. The laser array may be an array of VCSELs produced on a GaAs substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sheet registration system that uses a rigid arm having a sheet engaging surface to move sheets towards a registration position. The arm is mounted to a support member and is located adjacent a sheet store. The arrangement is such that relative movement between the support member and the sheet store causes the sheet engaging surface of the arm to engage a sheet in the sheet store. Pivoting of the arm then causes the sheet engaging surface to move the sheet into the registration position.

Abstract: A cyclobutenedione derivative. It comprises substituted or non-substituted aromatic group A; conjugated chain B which may contain an aromatic bonding group; and hydrogen bonding or ion bonding cyclobutenedionyl group C having an aromatic group which is bonded to the conjugated chain B, wherein A and B and C are bonded in the form of A-B-C. Crystal of the derivative is used as a non-linear optical device.

Abstract: A computer-supported collaborative work environment allows for computer-mediated, multi-modal, asynchronous meetings in a virtual space that enables, recording, reviewing and augmenting meetings that take place in the virtual environment. Meeting participants interact via avatars, i.e., graphical representations of the participants, in a place-based, multi-dimensional graphical environment. Meeting sessions are captured for future replay and augmentation in a multi-modal document. The system utilizes multiple "tracks" in the multi-modal document, such as text discussion, audio commands, graphics, and documents, which are combined into the multi-modal document to preserve a recording of the meeting for future participants. The multi-modal document of this meeting can then be replayed and augmented by future participants ad infinitum to create a single, synchronous meeting.

Abstract: A mechanism for use in a printing machine having a cover for covering a portion of the printing machine is provided. The mechanism is operably associated with the cover and with the portion of the printing machine. The mechanism is adapted so as to move the portion of the printing machine as the cover is opened.

Abstract: Described is a semiconductor photo detector comprising, between a lower electrode and an upper electrode, an optical absorption layer which generates photo carriers, receiving light and an amplification layer which amplifies the photo carriers so generated. In the semiconductor photo detector, the amplification layer is formed of a well layer which causes an avalanche phenomenon and a barrier layer which has a band gap larger than that of the optical absorption layer. The well layer is formed of a crystal substance, by which at the interface with the barrier layer, the energy value of the conduction band of the photo carriers in the well layer is lower than that in the barrier layer and at the same time, the difference in the energy value of the conduction band between the well layer and the barrier layer is larger than the band gap between the valence band and the conduction band of the well layer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for automatically compensating for thermal conditioning of an ink jet print head are provided. The method and apparatus monitor the time during which the print head experiences various temperatures. The driving voltage supplied to the ink jet transducer is adjusted over time to compensate for thermal conditioning of the print head.

Abstract: An image signal encoding apparatus reads an image from an original and converts the image into color data values including lightness and chromaticity components. The data values are stored and divided into pixel blocks with data values of lightness components and pixel blocks with data values of chromaticity components. Average lightness component data values are computed for pixel blocks of lightness components and average chromaticity data values are computed for pixel blocks of chromaticity components. A region determination is made whether the pixel blocks correspond to color, monochrome or background region in the original based on the average pixel block data values of lightness components and chromaticity components. A switch outputs the lightness pixel block data values during the region determination, and outputs the lightness and chromaticity pixel block data values after the region determination.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for enhancing image resolution characteristics of an electrostatographic printing device use toners of opposite polarity to generate a toner image.