Abstract: A process for the preparation of toner with a first aggregation of sulfonated polyester, and thereafter a second aggregation with a colorant dispersion and an alkali halide.

Abstract: In an optical communication network in which a plural number of nodes are connected to each bidirectional broadcasting bus, and a node communicates with another using the packets, or an optical communication network in which a plural number of nodes are connected to a bidirectional broadcasting bus, and a node communicates with another using the packets, each node comprises carrier sensing means for sensing a carrier on the broadcasting bus, and jamming detecting means for detecting a jamming state of received signals.

Abstract: A method including: (a) positioning a hollow substrate having a first end and an open second end in a solution, wherein the open second end is submerged in the solution, wherein gas is present in the hollow portion of the substrate between the solution and the first end, thereby defining a quantity of trapped gas molecules; (b) removing the substrate from the solution; and (c) changing the quantity of the trapped gas molecules by (i) withdrawing a portion of the trapped gas molecules, or (ii) introducing additional gas molecules into the hollow portion, wherein (i) and (ii) are accomplished through the second end of the substrate, thereby controlling the pressure of the gas in the hollow portion.

Abstract: A conductive coating comprising an oxidized oligomer salt, a charge transport component, and a polymer binder, for example, a conductive coating comprising an oxidized tetratolyidiamine salt of the formula ##STR1## a charge transport component, and a polymer binder, wherein X.sup.- is a monovalent anion.

Abstract: An electrophotographic imaging member including a substrate, a charge generating layer, a charge transport layer including charge transporting molecules dispersed in a polymer binder, and an overcoat layer including an alkaline polymer.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of perylene tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride comprising the dissolution thereof in an aqueous alkaline solution, or optionally an amine solution; converting the salt formed to the corresponding tetracarboxylic acid of said perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride; heating the resulting tetracarboxylic acid; washing the dianhydride formed until the filtrate pH indicates substantially complete removal of the acid; and drying said dianhydride.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of toner which comprises mixing with a first toner resin a second resin incompatible with said first resin thereof, and thereafter adding colorant, wax, compatibilizer, and optional charge additive.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a latex comprising the polymerization of monomer in the presence of a chain transfer component, an initiator, a diphenyloxide disulfonate, and an optional nonionic surfactant.

Abstract: In a raster output scanner (ROS) of a xerographic printing device, the location of an apparent source of the light beam is adjusted within a light emitting apparatus to enable spot position control anywhere along a scanline to insure subline registration of an image. This is accomplished by placing the apparent source location of the light emitting apparatus on a movable plate. The apparent source is located at the position from which a light beam is emitted from an output end of a laser source or waveguide connected to the laser source. The movable plate is adjusted by actuators which may be comb drives, thermal bimorphs or piezoelectric drive mechanisms.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a production method of a ferroelectric thin film element comprising an epitaxial ferroelectric thin film having stable composition control, an optical smoothness of the surface, and a high crystallization. In the production method, carrying out a first solid phase epitaxial growth process where a first organometallic compound is applied on the single-crystalline substrate and heated to form a ferroelectric buffer layer on a single-crystalline substrate, having a composition different from the substrate with a film thickness of 1 nm to 40 nm; carrying out at least once a second solid phase epitaxial growth process where a second organometallic compound is applied on the ferroelectric buffer layer formed in the above process and heated to form a ferroelectric single layer thin film with a film thickness of 10 nm or more, and being thicker than the ferroelectric buffer layer.

Abstract: A developing sleeve for electrophotography is disclosed which has a coating film comprising electroconductive and preferably lubricating particles dispersed in an acrylic resin in which the content of components having a molecular weight lower than 500 is not higher than 3% by weight. The developing sleeve is effective in preventing development ghosts while preventing toner dusting during transfer from becoming worse and has a small environmental dependence of developing properties.

Abstract: A device for storing a supply of particles for use a developer unit of an electrophotographic printing machine is provided. The device is cooperable with a mechanism to feed the particles from the device into the developer unit. The device includes a container defining a chamber for storing particles therein and a member. The container defines an aperture therein. The member is removably connectable to the container. The member includes a first member feature. The first member feature is engagable with said mechanism for feeding the particles from the device into to the developer unit.

Abstract: In a thermal ink-jet printhead, a set of heating elements are formed in the main surface of a semiconductor chip. Channels are formed by etching within the semiconductor chip underneath each of the heating elements, thereby exposing two main sides of each heating element within each ejector. Because two main surfaces of the heating element are accessible to liquid ink in each ejector, efficiency and thermal characteristics of the printhead are improved.

Abstract: A charging member is disclosed, which charges an electrifiable member, e.g., a photoreceptor, when a voltage is applied thereto while the charging member is kept being pressed against the electrifiable member. This charging member 1 comprises an electroconductive substrate 1a and, fixed thereto, an electroconductive elastomer layer 1b comprising at least a crosslinked silicone rubber, in which the content of uncrosslinked silicone polymer components having a number-average molecular weight of 10,000 or higher is not higher than 1% by weight. The crosslinked silicone rubber is preferably a reaction product obtained by reacting a liquid polymethylsiloxane containing at least two vinyl group substituents and having a viscosity of 3,000 cP or lower with a polyorganohydrogensiloxane as a crosslinking agent in the presence of a platinum catalyst. The charging member need not have an antifouling layer for inhibiting the migration of low-polymerization-degree components to an electrifiable member.

Abstract: A thermal ink jet printing comprises incorporating into a thermal ink jet printer at least one ink jet ink with an ink composition comprising water; a colorant of a dye or pigment; a hydroxyamide derivative having at least one hydroxyl group and at least one amide group or a reaction product of oxyalkylene(s) and the said hydroxyamide derivative; a sulfur-containing humectant that is a sulfoxide or a sulfone or a thiol derivative. Printing with the ink jet ink is according to digital signals with at least one printhead which is selected from a group consisting of single, partial-width, and full-width array printheads using a checkerboard or single pass method onto a print substrate either with or without the presence of heat for drying. The ink jet ink has a good latency, long-term jetting stability, and good image quality on plain papers when it is used in a high resolution thermal ink jet printhead including a 600 spi printhead.

Abstract: A method and apparatus improves digital reproduction of a compound document image containing half-tone tint regions and text and/or graphics embedded within the half-tone tint regions. The method entails determining a local average pixel value for each pixel in the image, then discriminating and classifying based on the local average pixel values, text/graphics pixels from half-tone tint pixels. Discrimination can be effected by calculating a range of local averages within a neighborhood surrounding each pixel; by calculating edge gradients based on the local average pixel values; or by approximating second derivatives of the local average pixel values based on the local averages. Text/graphics pixels are rendered using a rendering method appropriate for that type of pixel; half-tone tint pixels are rendered using a rendering method appropriate for that type of pixel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of a polymer which comprises effecting bulk polymerization of a mixture of at least one monomer, a free radical polymerization initiator, and a stable free radical agent until from about 10 to about 50 weight percent of the monomer has been polymerized; optionally adding additional free radical initiator; optionally adding a colorant; dispersing with a high shear mixer the aforementioned partially polymerized mixture in water containing a stabilizing component selected from the group consisting of non-ionic and ionic water soluble polymeric stabilizers to obtain a suspension of particles with an average diameter of from about 0.1 to about 10 microns; polymerizing the resulting suspension to form said polymer.

Abstract: Recording paper, at least one of opposite surface portions contains a mixture of hydrophilic fibers and hydrophobic fiber as main raw material. In addition, recording paper having a double-layer structure, in which a first layer 31 contains a mixture of hydrophilic fibers and hydrophobic fibers as main raw material, and a second layer 32 is a layer different from the first layer. The recording paper may have three or more layers including the first layer. Recording is performed by using such recording paper.

Abstract: A method of automatically identifying drop words in a document image without performing character recognition to generate an ASCII representation of the document text. First, the document image is analyzed to identify word equivalence classes, each of which represents at least one word of the multiplicity of words included in the document. Second, for each word equivalence class, the likelihood that it is not a drop word is determined. Third, document length is analyzed to determine whether the document is short. For a short document, the number of word equivalence classes identified as drop words based upon their likelihood is proportional to document length. For long documents, a fixed number of word equivalence classes are identified as drop words based upon the likelihood that they are not drop words.

Abstract: Stored alternative position data indicate alternative positionings of a class of document segments. Data are obtained that define an image set showing a document. An alternative identifier identifying one of the alternative positionings is also obtained. The alternative identifier, the alternative position data, and the data defining the image set are used to obtain segment data defining a segment of the image set. The segment is in the class of document segments. The segment is also at the position indicated by the alternative position data for the identified positioning. To store the document in a database, the segment data and a document identifier can be stored so that a search can determine that the segment is from the document. Similarly, the segment data and a segment class identifier can be stored so that a search can determine that the segment is in the identified class of document segments.