Abstract: A set of logic elements can be configured as a cascadable shift register. In one embodiment, a logic element for an FPGA can be configured as any one of a random access memory, a cascadable shift register and a lookup table. The data-in path to the shift register includes a cascade multiplexer for optionally forming large shift registers using multiple logic elements. Each logic element includes a plurality of memory cells which are interconnected such that the data output of each memory cell can serve as the input to the next memory cell, causing the logic element to function as a shift register. The cascade multiplexer allows the last bit of one logic element to be connected to the first bit of the next logic element, bypassing any decode logic of the lookup table. Variable tap shift registers of arbitrary length can be created by cascading lookup tables of plural logic elements in series.

Abstract: A bus interface circuit for a programmable logic device (PLD) including an interface multiplexer connected between two or more external communication circuits and a configuration memory array. The interface multiplexer coordinates communication between a selected one of the external communication circuits and a packet processor. The packet processor interprets command/data information transmitted in a bit stream from the selected external communication circuit. In a default state, the interface multiplexer connects dual-purpose input/output pins of the PLD to the packet processor. In an alternative state, the interface multiplexer connects a JTAG interface circuit to the packet processor to facilitate configuration operations through the JTAG pins of the PLD.

Abstract: The invention provides parametric modules called Self Implementing Modules (SIMs) for use in programmable logic devices such as FPGAs. The invention further provides tools and methods for generating and using SIMs. SIMs implement themselves at the time the design is elaborated, targeting a specified FPGA according to specified parameters. In one embodiment, a SIM automatically places and interconnects child SIMs in a mesh pattern. The mesh is a 2-dimensional object corresponding to an array of CLBs on an FPGA. In essence, this embodiment allows a SIM to reserve routing resources on a target device (e.g., an FPGA), and allocate these resources to its child SIMs. Using a defined protocol, each child SIM can request and reserve routing resources, as well as placement resources (such as flip-flops and function generators in the CLBs) through the parent SIM. The routing resources are not necessarily limited to local or nearest neighbor routing.

Abstract: The invention provides a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) that initiates its own reconfiguration by driving its own output terminal and its own connected PROGRAM input terminal, permitting reliable self-reconfiguration of the FPGA. The signal forwarded to the PROGRAM input terminal triggers a reconfiguration sequence that, in turn, causes the signal received from the output terminal to be ignored. Therefore, the method of the invention is reliably stable and does not undesirably repeat, oscillate, or fail. The FPGA may initiate its own reconfiguration upon detecting that a new configuration bitstream has been selected for downloading from an external device such as a PROM. The FPGA may detect the actuation of a binary or rotary switch. Alternatively, the FPGA may detect when a CMOS latch or register points to a new configuration address in the PROM. In one embodiment, an external memory device stores FPGA state information from one reconfiguration cycle to the next.

Abstract: A clock doubler circuit and method that accept an input clock signal and provide therefrom an output clock signal having twice the frequency of the input clock signal. One circuit according to the invention includes an input clock terminal supplying a input clock signal, and a delay line driven by the input clock signal and supplying a plurality of intermediate clock signals delayed from the input clock signal by incremental unit delays. A clock multiplexer selects from among these intermediate clock signals, under control of a multiplexer control circuit, the clock signal that is most nearly 90 degrees offset from the input clock signal. The selected clock signal is then combined with the input clock signal in an output clock generator to generate an output clock signal having twice the frequency of the input clock signal. In one embodiment, the clock doubler circuit includes a delay stage comprising a delay element that can selectively add a half-unit delay to the input clock signal.

Abstract: An on-chip method for self-modifying a programmable logic device (PLD) including a plurality of configurable logic blocks (CLBs), a plurality of interconnect resources for selectively connecting the CLBs, and a block memory circuit selectively connected to the interconnect resources. The CLBs are configured to implement a reconfigurable functional portion and a configuration control portion. A logic function is performed by the reconfigurable functional portion in accordance with first configuration data, while the configuration control portion monitors operation data signals transmitted to or from the reconfigurable functional portion. When the configuration control portion detects a need to modify the configuration of the reconfigurable functional portion, the configuration control portion transmits read instructions (e.g.

Abstract: A delay-lock loop (DLL) circuit and method that accept an input clock signal and a feedback clock signal, and provide the necessary additional delay to synchronize the feedback clock signal to the input clock signal. Unlike previous circuits and methods, a single synchronization step is sufficient, provided that the frequency of the input clock signal is stable. A circuit according to the invention includes an input clock terminal supplying an input clock signal, and a delay line driven by the input clock signal and supplying a plurality of intermediate clock signals delayed from the input clock signal by incremental unit delays. A clock multiplexer selects from among these intermediate clock signals, under control of a multiplexer control circuit, the clock signal that provides the necessary additional delay to synchronize the feedback clock signal to the input clock signal.

Abstract: A programmable capacitor in an integrated circuit (IC) comprises a conductive line located parallel to an interconnect. When a bias voltage is applied to the conductive line, a parasitic capacitance is created between the interconnect and the conductive line. By properly sizing and locating the conductive line, a desired capacitance can be coupled to the interconnect. A bias control circuit can apply or remove the bias voltage from the conductive line, thereby enabling the capacitance to be coupled or decoupled, respectively, from the interconnect. Because of its simple construction, multiple capacitive structures can be formed around a single interconnect to provide capacitive adjustment capability. By changing the number of conductive lines to which the bias voltage is applied, the total capacitance provided by the multiple capacitive structures can be varied. A feedback loop can be incorporated to provide adjustment during IC operation.

Abstract: An FPGA configuration circuit including a mask register that stores mask data during configuration memory read-modify-write operations. The mask data enables a multiplexing circuit to overwrite selected memory cells in a configuration memory array with new data bit values. Data bit values from all other memory cells in the configuration memory array are fed back by the multiplexing circuit. In one embodiment, the new data bit values are transmitted on a bi-directional bus and stored in a shift register. The configuration memory array is arranged in frames that are addressed by a frame address register, and the contents of an addressed frame are written to a shadow register. Under the control of the mask register, the multiplexing circuit modifies the frame data bit values stored in the shadow register using the new data bit values stored in the shift register. The contents of the shadow register are then written into the addressed frame.

Abstract: A floating gate memory device that includes a switching circuit for selectively transferring two or more negative voltages to a common node (e.g., to the negative pole of a driver circuit). The switching circuit includes two switches respectively connected between the two negative voltages and the common node. Each of the switches includes series-connected triple-well NMOS transistors that provide a dual-isolation structure between the common node the negative voltage sources. An optional triple P-well resistor is provided between the series-connected triple-well NMOS transistors in each of the switches that includes a deep N-well region biased by a system voltage source (e.g., VCC) to reverse bias the central P-well region.

Abstract: An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is realized in a field programmable gate array (FPGA) without adding special dedicated analog circuitry. In a digital application, a comparator in an interface cell of the FPGA compares an incoming digital signal to a reference voltage. Adjusting of the reference voltage allows the interface cell to support different digital I/O standards. In one embodiment, the comparator is not used for this digital purpose, but rather is used as a comparator in an ADC. A flash ADC is realized by using the comparators of numerous interface cells as the comparators of the flash ADC. Conversion speed is increased by reducing the impedance of the analog signal input path. An on-chip resistor string is provided so that the flash ADC can be realized without external components. In another embodiment, the comparator of the interface cell is the comparator of a successive approximation ADC.

Abstract: A field programmable logic device features an active device driver employing CMOS circuitry that includes a complementary CMOS inverter in electrical communication with a tri-state CMOS inverter, with the tri-state CMOS inverter defining a data input and a data output of the active device driver. The CMOS complementary inverter has an input node and an output node. The CMOS tri-state inverter is coupled to the input node, defining a control input for the active device driver.

Abstract: A window pane architecture for FPGAs utilizes spaced subarrays having routing channels therebetween. In one embodiment, at least one routing channel includes segmented and staggered routing wires to minimize current loading and capacitive time delay. Connections between the configurable logic blocks, interconnect, and routing wires may be accomplished with switch matrices and programmable interconnect points.

Abstract: A field programmable gate array (FPGA) having a plurality of configurable logic blocks (CLBs). Each of the CLBs includes programmable interconnect resources, a field programmable configurable logic element (CLE) circuit and a corresponding non-field programmable gate array. The programmable interconnect resources are programmed to selectively couple or decouple each CLE circuit from its corresponding non-field programmable gate array. Dedicated interconnect resources enable adjacent non-field programmable gate arrays to be coupled. By coupling adjacent non-field programmable gate arrays, one or more relatively large non-field programmable gate arrays can be formed. The non-field programmable gate arrays have a greater logic density than the CLE circuits, thereby providing an improved logic density to the CLBs. Moreover, because each CLB includes a non-field programmable gate array, each of the CLE circuits is readily connectable to a non-field programmable gate array.

Abstract: A field programmable gate array (FPGA) contains an array of memory cells. A word line is coupled to a row of memory cells in the array. A second signal line is coupled to the row of memory cells and extends in parallel with the word line. The second signal line applies a zero voltage to the memory cells when programming a memory cell in the row of memory cells. The second signal line applies a positive voltage to the memory cells when programming a memory cell outside the row of memory cells. Each memory cell is a one-time programmable non-volatile memory cell. Each memory cell includes a storage transistor and an access transistor coupled to one another. The memory cell can be programmed by selecting a word line and a bit line associated with the memory cell being programmed. A zero voltage is applied to a third signal line coupled to the memory cell and extending parallel to the word line. A programming voltage is applied to the selected bit line to program the memory cell.

Abstract: The invention provides parametric modules called Self Implementing Modules (SIMs) for use in programmable logic devices such as FPGAs. The invention further provides tools and methods for generating and using SIMs. SIMs implement themselves at the time the design is elaborated, targeting a specified FPGA according to specified parameters. In one embodiment, a SIM references or includes one or more floorplanners each of which may employ one or more placement algorithms. Such placement algorithms might include, for example: a linear ordering algorithm that places datapath logic bitwise in a regular linear pattern; a rectangular mesh algorithm that implements memory in a grid pattern in distributed RAM; a columnar algorithm for counters and other arithmetic logic; or a simulated annealing algorithm for random logic such as control logic. Therefore, a design including more than one SIM can utilize a plurality of placement algorithms at the same or different levels of hierarchy.

Abstract: Described are a system and method for quickly and accurately testing sequential storage elements on programmable logic devices for zero-hold-time compliance. A programmable logic device is configured such that both the data and clock terminals of a selected sequential logic element connect to an input pin of the programmable logic device and the output terminal of the sequential logic element connects to an output pin of the programmable logic device. A circuit tester connected to the input pin then generates a signal transition on the input pin so that the signal transition traverses both the data and clock paths in a race to the sequential storage element. The circuit tester also includes an input terminal that monitors the PLD output pin to determine whether the storage element contains the correct data after the storage element is clocked.

Abstract: The invention provides a programmable delay element and a programmable slew rate element to allow post-fabrication adjustment and programming of input delay and output slew rate to iteratively alter input delay and output slew rate without redesign and refabrication of the circuit. The invention provides programmable memory cells coupled to a capacitive load via a plurality of switches. The capacitive load is coupled to a signal path and comprises a plurality of capacitors. The programmable memory cells selectively turn on the switches coupled to the capacitive load. In one FPGA implementation, the programmable memory cells are implemented in IOBs and are loaded with appropriate data during a device configuration stage. Delay equalization can be achieved by programming the memory cells such that the delays seen by device I/O pins are equal between IOBs and pads. The invention also provides a slew rate control circuit for an inverter or a buffer to provide an optimal slew rate.

Abstract: The invention supplies a method whereby placement information for elements of a logic module is specified in such a manner that specific coordinates need not be included. This method can be applied to any module or other element having an associated placement in a programmable device. Using the method of the invention, relative coordinates (such as the RLOC constraints discussed in relation to the prior art) need not be specified. Instead, the invention introduces a vector-based form of layout. Key words or phrases such as “COLUMN” or “ROW” indicate the manner in which the elements of the module are to be placed. Use of such parametric words or phrases removes from the module developer the burden of determining exactly how large the module will be for each parameter combination, and in some cases finding expressions by which the relative locations can be calculated.

Abstract: A programmable switch for a field programmable gate array (FPGA) allows a user to reconfigure or partly reconfigure the FPGA from within the FPGA, allows an addressable configuration memory to be addressed through a set of pins for configuration and through user logic for reconfiguration. The same pins can be used for both configuration and user logic. Also signals such as chip enable and other control signals can be modified by user logic before performing their function so that chips external to the FPGA can be eliminated. Upon power-up of the chip, each programmable switch connects its pad to the programming logic which programs configuration memory, so that the programming logic can receive instructions from an external source and control programming of the core logic of the chip. The configuration memory programs not only the internal circuitry accessed by the user but also the programmable switch itself.