Abstract: An X-ray detector, used in an X-ray computerized tomograph systems, and method of making the same. The X-ray detector has a casing filled with gas for detecting X-rays, and flat signal electrode plates and bias electrode plates are disposed alternately at regular intervals within the casing to form a number of spatially partitioned detection chambers. When X-rays enter the detection chambers after being transmitted through an object under examination, the X-ray energy is converted into electric current flowing across the electrodes of the signal electrode plates, whereby the transmitted X-ray can be detected by an output circuit.Improvements are provided to enable the signal electrode plates and the bias electrode plates to be more densely packed into the casing, thereby to obtain higher resolution X-ray computerized tomograms.

Abstract: An apparatus for examining an input signal current from an X-ray detector in a computerized tomograph, wherein an apparatus is used to once charge a capacitor in each of a plurality of channels with the input signal current, and to read the charged voltage later to measure the strength of the respective input signals. To eliminate the effects of cross-talk, leakage current, and off-set factors, a reset switch alone or together with associated circuit elements are used. In one embodiment the reset switch is used to discharge distributed capacitance after reading of one channel capacitor and before the discharging of the next channel capacitor. In another embodiment the true input signal together with error factors are first measured and stored, and then the error factors are measured, and then such error factors are subtracted from the stored combined signal, to produce an output signal which reflects the true input signal.

Abstract: A method and system for generation of a quadratic curve signal expressed by f(x, y)=0 nonparametrically on coordinates X, Y, wherein, when linear micro-coefficients in the directions x, y are points (x, y) are given as fx, fy, respectively, the signs of fx, fy are decided and fx, fy are compared for dimensions with each other, thereby limiting the point to be selected next, to two points; then the value of new f(x,y) obtainable through selecting each point, are calculated; absolute values of the new f(x, y) are compared, the point giving the smaller value being selected as the next point; and repeating the aforementioned procedure, thereby to generate a quadratic curve signal expressed by f(x, y)=0.

Abstract: An ultrasonic probe, such as for use in ultrasonography, comprising a support having a front end, which may be held against a human body, and a central groove in the side thereof for guiding a puncture needle to move therethrough, and an array of rectangular ultrasonic transducer elements mounted on and lying flatwise on the front end, wherein one or more ultrasonic transducer elements are located adjacent to an open end of the groove at the front end between the other transducer elements, whereby the image display of the needle is improved.

Abstract: An ion exchanger comprising a carrier comprising a synthetic resin having no ion exchange group and having one or more particles of a predetermined size, and a plurality of ion exchange particles disposed on the surface of the carrier and bonded thereto by a binder, wherein the plurality of ion exchange particles are of sizes smaller than the sizes of the carrier particles, and wherein the binder is of a synthetic resin having the same or similar composition as that of the carrier. The ion exchanger is useable in ion chromatography systems.

Abstract: A pH sensor comprising a sleeve assembly having at least first and second spaces, a partition separating the two spaces from each other with a water tight seal, and a barrel including a flange, a reference electrode accommodated in the first space and including a liquid junction, a glass electrode having a sensor unit disposed adjacent to the liquid junction, liquid grounding means mounted adjacent to the liquid junction, and a cable disposed in the second space with a watertight seal, the cable being electrically connected to the reference electrode, glass electrode and liquid grounding means. The pH sensor can be used for continuous flow, immersion or submersion types of installations, and can be fabricated inexpensively and is easily maintained. The sensor unit of the pH sensor can be easily cleaned by a cleaning unit which includes a rotatable shaft to which is connected a vane and a brush at one end.

Abstract: An echo signal receiver receives higher level echo signals reflected from strong reflections sources or reflecting sources at areas close to a probe in a range of higher frequencies, and also receives lower level echo signals reflected from weak reflection sources or sources at areas remote from the probe in a range of low frequencies. The echo signal receiver comprises a multiple stage amplifier circuit for receiving the echo signal. Outputs from amplifiers at front stages are delivered via filters having higher frequency bands, and outputs from amplifiers at rear stages are delivered via filters having lower frequency bands. The outputs are passed through the filters and then combined into a single processed echo signal.

Abstract: A vortex flow metering apparatus comprising a sensor unit having first and second piezoelectric sensors selectively arranged in the concavity or a vortex generator having a measured fluid produce a Karman's vortex according to its velocity, a first conversion amplifier to which a signal from the first piezoelectric sensor is applied, a second conversion amplifier to which a signal from the second piezoelectric sensor is applied, an operator circuit to which outputs from the first and second conversion amplifiers are applied and which through addition or subtraction and other operations, removes noise components due to disturbance vibrations. The first and second piezoelectric sensors are selectively arranged at two points whereat stress distribution of the noise component due to disturbance vibration and stress distribution of a signal component due to vortex dynamic lift are different from each other.

Abstract: A multiple color recording apparatus records on a sheet of recording paper, the magnitudes of a plurality of varying analog signals as a pattern of dots in different colors, and also records characters, symbols and the like related to the analog recording as a pattern of dots in desired colors.

Abstract: A vibration type density meter includes a mechanical oscillator or resonator having a resonance frequency variable with the density of a specimen fluid around the oscillator. The resonator is of a cylindrical configuration with flanges at the ends thereof, at least one of the ends being open for introducing specimen fluid into the resonator. The meter also includes means for exciting the resonator, means for detecting oscillations of the cylindrical resonator, a cover coupled to the flanges of the resonator in surrounding relation to the latter, and circuit means for processing a frequency signal from the oscillation detecting means, and by arithmetic operations derive and display the density of the specimen fluid being measured.

Abstract: An oxygen meter for measuring the oxygen concentration in a measured gas, having a probe type detecting section carrying at its end a solid electrolyte unit constituting a partition wall, so as to produce a signal corresponding to the difference in the oxygen concentration between the inner side and the outer side of the partition wall. The oxygen meter is adapted to be exposed to the flow of the gas to be measured or into a furnace through a hole formed in the furnace wall, thereby to continuously produce a signal representing the oxygen concentration in the gas to be measured.