Abstract: An application server may receive, via a user interface of a cloud-based data management platform storing a set of data objects, a user input to generate a communication channel of a group-based communication platform that is separate from the cloud-based data management platform. In some examples, the communication channel may be for a data object of the plurality of data objects. The application server may then retrieve a group of users that are linked to the data object within the cloud-based data management platform and display a list of options for generating the communication channel. The list of options may include the group of users for including in the communication channel, a privacy level for the communication channel, and an identifier of the communication channel. The application server may generate an executable packet of instructions and transmit the executable packet of instructions for ingesting into the group-based communication platform.

Abstract: A seed value assigned to a database table is determined. Numerically ordered invocation numbers are determined. Unordered pseudorandom numbers are generated based on the seed value and the invocation numbers to index temporally ordered data changes to the database table. It is determined whether the total number of yet-to-be-saved pseudorandom numbers reaches a maximum total number threshold. If so, the yet-to-be-saved pseudorandom numbers and a sequence of corresponding invocation numbers are saved in a sync table.

Abstract: A request for a transaction between a client system and a server system may be processed. The transaction may be associated with transmission of data between the client system and the server system. The data may be encrypted using a transient encryption key to form encrypted data. The transient encryption key may be a synced-clock random number configured to automatically change when a designated time interval elapses. The encrypted data may be transmitted between the client system and the server system.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods, systems, apparatuses, and computer program products for generating a third-party resource usage map in a group based communication system, where the third-party resource usage map comprises a plurality of third party resource usage records and each third-party resource usage record comprises a user identifier, a third-party resource provider identifier, and a third-party resource access token.

Abstract: A communication platform can leverage a network-based computing system to enable applications to exchange data with one or more applications via channels. In some examples, a first application may post messages to the channel and a second application may listen to the posted messages to identify an event based on one or more of the messages. Responsive to detecting an event, the second application may notify a user, create a new channel, add a user to a channel, or the like, and/or the second application may take an action to remediate an issue. The first application and the second application and users added to the channel may be associated with a same or different organizations.

Abstract: A system, method, and computer-readable media for surfacing relevant topics discussed in a synchronous multimedia collaboration session to interested non-participants of the synchronous multimedia collaboration session. A relevant topic of the synchronous multimedia collaboration session may be determined based in part on audio data from the synchronous multimedia collaboration session. At least one non-participating member with an interest in the relevant topic of the synchronous multimedia collaboration session may be identified. A notification of the synchronous multimedia collaboration session associated with the relevant topic may be surfaced to the at least one non-participating member.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are system, method, and computer program product embodiments for capturing incoming communications from a sender across multiple channels, and determining whether to include those communications from the sender in an inbox using a waiting room. The waiting room lists unknown senders, and allows a user to add the senders to a blocklist, where the sender's communications are omitted from the user's inbox, or to a passlist, where a new CRM customer record is created for the sender. With the CRM customer record created, future communications from the sender are matched to the CRM customer record and permitted for inclusion in an inbox. This way, recipients can prioritize customers (or other high-value communications) within their inbox based on a corresponding existing CRM customer record, while simplifying the capture of those CRM customer records.

Abstract: The techniques may include maintaining a thread of events for a plurality of users, where each element of the thread corresponds to an event/activity and includes at least a next field that includes a first subset of the plurality of users and a previous field that includes a second subset of the plurality of users. These techniques may allow new events to be quickly added and prior elements may be updated to reflect the addition. Further, the thread elements may allow the thread to be quickly traversed to identify queried information such that the information may be displayed to a user.

Abstract: A database entry may be stored in a container in a database table corresponding with a partition key. The partition key may be determined by applying one or more partition rules to one or more data values associated with the database entry. The database entry may be an instance of one of a plurality of data object definitions associated with database entries in the database. Each of the data object definitions may identify a respective one or more data fields included within an instance of the data object definition.

Abstract: Privilege escalation in a cloud platform comprises provisioning to a client access privileges to the database entities that are covered by a license. A base escalation matrix is provisioned to the client with additional access privileges not covered by the license. An API request is received and the requested CRUD operation is attempted on a first database entity. Responsive to the requested CRUD operation initially failing because the client does not have required access privileges activation of an exception signaling failure of the requested CRUD operation is detected and used as a trigger to fetch the base escalation matrix. The access privileges of the client are escalated by applying the additional access privileges from the base escalation matrix to a user context of the current API query request, and repeating the requested CRUD operation. The escalated access privileges are then removed.

Abstract: Sentiment analysis is a task in natural language processing. The embodiments are directed to using a generative language model to extract an aspect term, aspect category and their corresponding polarities. The generative language model may be trained as a single, joint, and multi-task model. The single-task generative language model determines a term polarity from the aspect term in the sentence or a category polarity from an aspect category in the sentence. The joint-task generative language model determines both the aspect term and the term polarity or the aspect category and the category polarity. The multi-task generative language model determines the aspect term, term polarity, aspect category and category polarity of the sentence.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices are described that support extensible data mapping. A data mapping server may receive an indication of a source schema for a data source and may receive a user input indicating creation of a custom data object to handle the source schema. The server may create the custom data object based on the user input. The data mapping server may automatically map one or more data fields for a source data object (e.g., based on the source schema) to one or more custom data fields for the custom data object (e.g., based on a custom schema). The server may import a set of data records stored at the data source and may store the data records in a database system according to the custom schema based on the data mapping. The stored custom data objects may be used for segmentation, activation, analysis, or some combination thereof.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and techniques are disclosed for endpoint URL generation and management. An entity identifier may be received. The entity identifier may be hashed with a hashing algorithm to generate an alphanumeric string. A custom endpoint URL may be generated by combining the alphanumeric string with a URL that identifies an endpoint located on a server of a cloud computing system. A CNAME record in a DNS database may be updated to associate the URL that identifies the endpoint located in a stack of cloud computing system with the custom endpoint URL.

Abstract: A system, for example, a multi-tenant system performs upgrades of database management systems deployed on a cloud platform. The database management system is stored on the cloud platform in a data storage unit for storing data of the database, and an instructions storage unit for storing executable instructions. A cloud platform image comprising instructions for the database management system is received. A cloud platform image is deployed on a new instructions storage unit. An upgraded database management system is built by providing the new instructions storage unit with access to the data storage unit. In an embodiment, the database management system is used by a multi-tenant system and stores a multi-tenant schema. The structure of the multi-tenant schema is defined using a multi-tenant schema template that is included in the instructions storage unit.

Abstract: A method for data processing includes identifying, for communication of a content object, a segment of entities based at least in part on a selection of a first attribute at a user interface. The first attribute may be selected from attributes defined by a data model and configured for a tenant of a multi-tenant system. The method further includes activating a set of attributes of the plurality of attributes based at least in part on the identified segment of entities and the data model. The method further includes, receiving a selection of a second attribute of the set of attributes, identifying, for the segment of entities, a set of inputs corresponding to the selected second attribute, and transmitting, to a content communication system for distribution of the content object, an indication of a plurality of entity identifiers corresponding to the segment of entities and the set of inputs.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present disclosure provide apparatuses, systems, and computer program products for group-based communication channel organization. In this regard, embodiments described herein are configured to enable group-based communication interfaces rendered with group-based communication channels organized into specific organized channel sets. A plurality of organized channel sets may be reorganized, and/or the associated channel set for each organized channel set may be reorganized.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a group-based communication system that is configured to more efficiently manage resource sharing requests. In particular, in some embodiments, the group-based communication system is configured to enable admin users to use an external service, such as an external approval provisioning service, that is separate and distinct from the group-based communication system to manage group-based communication resource sharing requests. In other embodiments, the group-based communication system is configured to allow communication with external users and to trigger new user onboarding protocols through the ingestion of external user directories associated with a sponsor user.

Abstract: Computing systems, for example, multi-tenant systems create data centers in a cloud platform using a cloud platform infrastructure language that is cloud platform independent. The system receives a cloud platform independent declarative specification describing a new datacenter to be created or modifications to an existing datacenter deployed on a cloud platform. The system compiles the cloud platform independent declarative specification to generate a metadata representation of the data center. If the datacenter is existing, the system generates a metadata representation representing modifications to the datacenter to obtain a desired datacenter. The system sends the metadata representation and a set of instructions for execution on a target cloud platform. The target cloud platform executes the instructions to configure the data center. The system provides users with access to the computing resources of the data center configured by the target cloud platform.

Abstract: Modifying direct message (DM) communication membership is described. A communication platform can receive, in association with a DM communication and from a user computing device of a user of a first group of users, a first request to modify the first group of users. The communication platform can send a second request to designate whether to include context data associated with the DM communication in a new or existing DM communication. Based on receiving an indication to include at least a portion of the context data associated with the DM communication in the new or existing DM communication, the communication platform can generate the new DM communication, wherein the new DM communication is associated with a second group of users different than the first group of users, and at least the portion of the context data is associated with the new DM communication.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed relating to provisioning fault domain sets (FDS). In some embodiments, a computer server system implements an FDS for disseminating a storage service across a plurality of fault domains. To implement the FDS, in some embodiments, the computer server system access FDS data specifying a desired state of the FDS in which the storage service is disseminated across at least a particular number of fault domains. The computer server system may determine available resources of the plurality of fault domains and determine a current state of the FDS based on fault domains that have already been provisioned to the FDS. Based on at least the desired state of the FDS, the current state of the FDS, and the available resources, the computer server system provisions one or more additional fault domains to the FDS to reconcile the FDS's current state with the FDS's desired state.

Abstract: A computing platform may be configurable to cause receiving a request from a video conferencing application while a video conference is in session, the request comprising one or more user parameters identifying one or more participants in the video conference session. The computing platform is also configurable to cause implementing a query of a database system, the query being configured to retrieve one or more user data objects associated with at least one participant, wherein the at least one participant is different from a user of the client device. The computing platform is further configurable to cause generating, a result object based, at least in part, on the retrieved one or more user data objects, the result object being configured to cause display, at a user interface of the video conferencing application, visual information about the at least one participant, and sending the result object to the video conferencing application.

Abstract: Embodiments of apparatus, systems, and methods are described for creating and managing an abstract, API-based infrastructure base model. The API-based model can abstract infrastructure assets, such as infrastructure components or connections between components, into a metadata model using standardized syntax and interfaces, for defining and building an infrastructure. Using a modeling document, connections and components of an infrastructure can be abstracted into an API-based model having semantics that covers them all. Connections and infrastructure components can be made available for selection, arrangement, and grouping to build complex infrastructure models without requiring complex API coding by the user. Other infrastructure models having different API definitions can be by abstracted to standardize the assets for building new APIs. The APIs can be further modified and exported to another or the same implementation project.

Abstract: In accordance with embodiments, there are provided mechanisms and methods for facilitating secure communication of data during transactions across multiple transaction entities in database systems according to one embodiment. In one embodiment and by way of example, a method includes receiving a request to facilitate a financial transaction, wherein the request is received from an external computing device and includes sensitive data and one or more transient keys associated with a user, and selecting a gateway from multiple gateways to facilitate performance of the financial transaction, where the gateway is selected based on participation in securing of the sensitive data.

Abstract: A method by an email sending system to send emails from different public sending network addresses. The method includes receiving, by a load balancer, an email that is to be sent by the email sending system, sending, by the load balancer, the email to a mail transfer agent (MTA) instance from a plurality of MTA instances, wherein each of the MTA instances has access to configuration data that indicates which proxy virtual machines (VMs) serve as egresses for which public sending network addresses, determining, by the MTA instance, a public sending network address to send the email from, determining, by the MTA instance based on consulting the configuration data, a proxy VM that serves as an egress for the public sending network address, and sending, by the MTA instance, the email to the proxy VM for sending to its destination from the public sending network address.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are system, method, and computer program product embodiments for providing offline capabilities to customizable live applications in a cloud collaboration platform. The cloud collaboration platform may provide offline functions and a data application programming interface to devices connecting to the cloud collaboration platform. The offline capabilities allow devices to store data related to documents and customizable live applications in a local cache. The offline capabilities retrieve data from and store modifications to data within the local cache. The cloud collaboration platform may subsequently process the changes and determine if conflicts arise, resolving conflicts where appropriate and possible. The cloud collaboration platform may then determine a final state for a record, return the final state to the devices, and update the local caches.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods, systems, apparatuses, and computer program products that provide for an improved, more efficient, and more stable system of networked computing devices. The embodiments disclose an apparatus and system that enable client devices to selectively grant to third party applications permissions to access group-based communication objects of a group-based communication system. The apparatus and system further enable client devices to selectively grant to third party applications permissions to take specific actions with regards to the group-based communication objects within the system. To accomplish the improvements, the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and computing devices maintain a record of the permissions granted to third party applications in a permissions table stored in a computer storage device.

Abstract: Using proximity data to update user interfaces for users of a communication platform is described. The communication platform can determine, for a first user of the communication platform, a first location of the first user and for at least a second user of the communication platform, a second location of the second user. Based at least in part on a determination that the first location and the second location satisfy a condition, the communication platform can cause a user interface of the communication platform to be updated, wherein the updated user interface indicates at least one of (i) proximity data associated with the first user and the second user or (ii) context data associated with at least one of the first user or the second user.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed relating to the distribution of database key permissions. A database system may distribute first permission information to a plurality of database nodes that identifies a distribution of key range permissions to ones of the plurality of database nodes. A given key range permission being distributed to a given database node may permit that database node to write records whose keys fall within a key range associated with the given key range permission. The database system may receive, from a first database node, a request for a first key range permission provisioned to a second database node. The database system may modify the first permission information to derive second permission information that provisions the first key range permission to the first database node instead of the second database node. The database system may distribute the second permission information to ones of the plurality of database nodes.

Abstract: Secure peer-to-peer connection network and/or protocols for a group-based communication system, in which, a peer-to-peer connection request associated with a first identifier for a first client device and a second identifier for a second client device are received. The first identifier and the second identifier are compared to a group-based communication system validation registry associated with the group-based communication system and, based at least in part on a determination that the peer-to-peer connection request is authorized per the group-based communication system validation registry, a peer-to-peer connection between the second client device and the first client device is established.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods are provided for monitoring a replication service replicating data from a source database system to a destination database system. One method involves receiving, at the destination database system from the replication service over a network, a set of database transactions at the source database system, determining an expected tracking entry subsequent to the set of database transactions based at least in part on the one or more tracking entries in the set of database transactions, detecting an anomaly associated with replicating the data from the source database system in response to an absence of receiving, from the replication service, a subsequent set of database transactions at the source database system that includes the expected tracking entry within a threshold period of time, and initiating a remedial action in response to detecting the anomaly.

Abstract: The method system described herein is configured to identify and execute a next recommended action for a user based on the user's audio input. In an embodiment, the system is configured to receive audio input from the user and convert the audio input into a string. The system may identify an attribute associated with the user. The system may identify a type of action based on the string. The system may query a data repository using the attribute associated with the user to retrieve information associated with the type of action. The system may identify a recommended action for the user based on the information associated with the type of action. The system may then execute the recommended action for the user.

Abstract: A database system may receive a natural language query that is associated with a tenant of a multi-tenant system. The natural language query may be parsed into a set of tokens, and the set of tokens may be tagged, using a tenant specific tagging model associated with the tenant, the set of tokens with at least one pre-configured data type identifier that is configured for the plurality of tenants. A global tagging model that supports the plurality of tenants of the multi-tenant system may tag the set of tokens with at least one category identifier. The global tagging model may use the natural language query and the pre-configured data type identifier to identify the at least one category identifier. The system may execute a database query on a database associated with the tenant using the at least one pre-configured data type identifier and the at least one category identifier.

Abstract: Systems and methods initialize distributed client device membership for new client devices joining a group-based communication channel established for content exchange among a plurality of distributed client device members. The systems and methods comprise aspects for executing a content analysis over the content of the one or more group-based communication channels to identify characterizing terms associated with each group-based communication channel. After the content analysis is performed, systems receive search parameters from a potential new member client device for a group-based communication server. Various systems and methods provide selected search results generated based at least in part on a determination that characterizing terms match one or more of the search parameters to the client device. Those selected results comprise a target that is executable by the client device to join the associated group-based communication channel.

Abstract: Disclosed are some implementations of systems, apparatus, methods and computer program products for executing a process flow represented by a graph or portion thereof using cached subgraphs. A first request to execute a first portion of a process flow is processed, where the first portion of the process flow is represented by a first subgraph of a graph representing the process flow and a final node of the first subgraph corresponds to a set of computer-readable instructions. The first portion of the process flow is executed such that a first output of executing the first portion of the process flow is obtained. The first subgraph is stored in association with the first output in a first cache entry of a cache. A second request to execute a second portion of the process flow is processed, where the second portion of the process flow is represented by a second subgraph of the graph.

Abstract: A method for replicating a set of parent resources from an administrator namespace to a set of tenant namespaces is described. The method includes receiving, by the administrator namespace, a global object that includes a set of object fields that reference (1) a set of parent resources and (2) the set of tenant namespaces; monitoring, by an operator controller of the administrator namespace, the global object to determine whether a change has been made to the global object; and replicating, by the operator controller, the set of parent resources to the set of tenant namespaces as child resources based on the global object in response to detecting a change to the global object.

Abstract: Disclosed are some implementations of systems, apparatus, methods and computer program products for facilitating the implementation of declarative transaction control. A database transaction control configuration associated with an element of a process flow can be obtained via a graphical user interface (GUI) and stored in association the element. The database transaction control configuration indicates whether a pending database transaction is to be committed to a database prior to executing a set of computer-readable instructions corresponding to the element. During execution of the process flow, the database transaction control configuration is accessed and it is determined whether a currently pending database transaction is to be committed to a database prior to executing a set of computer-readable instructions corresponding to the element.

Abstract: A relational database system may receive from a client a query that is supported by the relational database system, the relational database system being configured to store a plurality of data objects such that each data object is associated with a respective data table of a plurality of data tables. The system may determine that the query is indicative of a data object type that is associated with data stored in a data system separate from the relational database system. The system may identify a schema of the data object type using a schema record maintained by the relational database system, transmit to the separate data system a request for data associated with the query, receive requested data, and return a query response including the requested data.

Abstract: System and methods of the disclosed subject matter provide segregating, at a memory storage coupled to a multitenant database system, first tenant data of a first tenant from at least second tenant data of a second tenant, based on a first tenant identifier. A first encryption key associated with the first tenant may be retrieved from a key cache memory based on the first tenant identifier, to encrypt one or more fragments of the first tenant data. The fragments of the first tenant data may be encrypted based on the retrieved encryption key. Non-encrypted header information may be generated for each of the encrypted fragments of the first tenant data, where the header information may have metadata including the first tenant identifier. The encrypted fragments of the first tenant data and the corresponding non-encrypted header information may be stored in the immutable storage.

Abstract: A relational database stores customer relations management information including a plurality of transaction records that reflect tokens minted on a blockchain and transferred to customers of a plurality of tenants. A blockchain interface may deploy to the blockchain a smart contract owned by an owner account associated with a designated tenant. The smart contract may be linked to a voucher creator account assigned to a voucher creator role, which may be linked to a voucher public key stored on the blockchain in association with the smart contract and a voucher private key. A transaction voucher authorizing a voucher recipient account to execute the smart contract to perform an action may be created and signed with the voucher private key. The smart contract may include an executable function to perform the action after validating the transaction voucher by decrypting the transaction voucher with the voucher public key.

Abstract: A request to perform an action related to a smart contract deployed on a blockchain may be received at a database system. The smart contract may be associated with a multi-signature authorization policy including one or more signature criteria for performing the action. A respective signature request message may be transmitted to a plurality of recipients. The signature request messages may identify the smart contract and the action. A plurality of signature response messages may be received. Two or more of the signature response messages may include a respective signature generated based on a respective private cryptographic key. An action execution message may be transmitted to execute the smart contract to perform the action. The action execution message may include the two or more signatures. The smart contract may be configured to perform the action when the two or more signatures comply with the multi-signature authorization policy.

Abstract: Described herein are systems, apparatus, methods and computer program products for machine learning intent classification. In various embodiments, historical utterances provided by users may be utilized for bot training. Context and personally identifiable information may be removed from the utterances. The utterances may be associated with vectors. The utterances and vectors may be used to determine recommendations.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the current disclosure disclose methods and systems for analyzing root causes of an incident disrupting information technology services such as cloud services. In some embodiments, a set of problem review board (PRB) documents including information about said incidents may be parsed using a natural language processing (NLP) neural model to extract structured PRB data from the unstructured investigative information contained in the PRB documents. The structured PRB data may include symptoms of the incident, root causes of the incident, resolutions of the incidents, etc., and a causal knowledge graph causally relating the symptoms, root causes, resolutions of the incidents may be generated.

Abstract: A method for maintaining a dialogue state associated with a dialogue between a user and a digital system includes receiving, by a dialogue state tracker associated with the digital system, a representation of a user communication, updating, by the dialogue state tracker, the dialogue state and providing a system response based on the updated dialogue state. The dialogue state is updated by evaluating, based on the representation of the user communication, a plurality of member scores corresponding to a plurality of ontology members of an ontology set, and selecting, based on the plurality of member scores, zero or more of the plurality of ontology members to add to or remove from the dialogue state.

Abstract: Systems and techniques are provided for monitoring and managing the performance of services accessed by sites on a computing platform. When a performance issue is identified, a service is monitored to determine if calls to the service exceed a threshold completion time. If so, a resource available to call the service is adaptively throttled by the platform.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed relating to handling queues. A server-based platform, in some embodiments, accesses queue information that includes performance attributes for a plurality of queues storing one or more messages corresponding to one or more applications. In some embodiments, the platform assigns, based on the performance attributes, a corresponding set of the plurality of queues to each of a plurality of processing nodes of the platform. In some embodiments, the assigning of a corresponding set of queues to a given one of the plurality of processing nodes causes instantiation of: a first set of one or more dequeuing threads and a second set of one or more processing threads. The dequeuing threads may be executable to dequeue one or more messages stored in the corresponding set of queues. The processing threads may be executable to perform one or more tasks specified in the dequeued one or more messages.

Abstract: A method by one or more computing devices to standardize and centralize data movement between systems. The method includes receiving and storing data source information for a logical data source including authentication and authorization information for accessing a plurality of source systems that store data associated with the logical data source, schema information for a first schema used by a first one of the plurality of source systems to store data associated with the logical data source, and process information for a process including job information for a first job of the process that is for importing data associated with the logical data source from the first source system to a staging area. The method further includes executing the process according to the process information for the process.

Abstract: Disclosed are some implementations of systems, apparatus, methods and computer program products for generating a layout representing a process flow. Responsive to a first request from a client device to add an instance of a loop element type to a layout represented in a graphical user interface (GUI), the layout is updated such that the layout includes a first loop element defined by a loop element symbol and a loop connector path connected to the loop symbol. Responsive to a second request to add an instance of a second element type to the first loop element, calculating a set of rendering parameters for at least a portion of the layout including the first loop element based, at least in part, on a set of spacing rules and a set of dimensions associated with the second element type.

Abstract: Methods, computer readable media, and devices for dynamic personalized API assembly are provided. One method may include receiving a data query from a client by a CDN, parsing the data query to generate a modified data query, transmitting the modified data query to an origin server, receiving a query response from the origin server, the query response including content corresponding to the plurality of data elements and an indication specifying whether the content is cacheable in the CDN, and sending a modified query response including responsive content comprising one or more of content previously cached on the CDN and the content obtained from the origin server. Another method may include receiving an API call by an origin server, generating an API response by creating a payload file and adding indication specifying whether the content is cacheable in the CDN, and transmitting the API response.

Abstract: According to some implementations, while a proxy routes production traffic to a first application (app) version that runs in a plurality of container orchestration system (cos) pods having first app version containers, configuration information is received including an identification of a second app version container image for a second app version. The second app version is an updated version of the first app version. Cos pods having second app version containers are brought up based on the second app version container image identified in the configuration information. Test and/or warmup traffic is caused to be routed to the second app version containers. Responsive to an indication regarding the routing of the test and/or warmup traffic to the second app version, causing a transition to sending production traffic to the second app version containers instead of to the first app version.

Abstract: Medium, method and system for ad hoc, ambient, synchronous multimedia collaboration in a group-based communication system. Embodiments of the invention provide a way for users to quickly establish a real-time collaboration among a group of peers without the burden and overhead of a conventional call or video meeting. Users can quickly and easily join and leave these synchronous multimedia collaboration sessions at any time, without disrupting the session for other users. This enables the user to experience the collaboration as a convenient forum rather than a burdensome scheduled event.