Abstract: A system for detecting and graphically displaying a contents of a fast-moving target object comprises: a radiation source, having a position such that at least a portion of radiation emitted from the radiation source passes through the fast-moving target object, the fast-moving target object having a variable velocity and acceleration while maintaining a substantially constant distance from the radiation source and being selected from the group consisting of: a vehicle, a cargo container and a railroad car; a velocity measuring device configured to measure the variable velocity of the fast-moving target object; a detector array comprising a plurality of photon detectors, having a position such that at least some of the at least a portion of the radiation passing through the target object is received thereby, the detector array having a variable count time according to the variable velocity and a grid unit size; a counter circuit coupled to the detector array for discretely counting a number of photons enterin

Abstract: An image sensor has a three-dimensional structure in which a sensor element array having a plurality of sensor elements consisting of CdTe, arranged in a two-dimensional matrix, is mounted to an IC substrate via a connection layer. The connection layer has a plurality of stud bumps and a plurality of thin film layers. The stud bumps are formed on an electrode of each IC and are provided in the connection layer in order to fetch a signal detected by each sensor element. The thin film layers are formed at the distal end of each stud bump, and are electrically connected with an electrode of each sensor element.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for determining fluorescence lifetime of a fluorophor or an optical sensor using frequency domain gated detection. The method comprises the steps of exciting the fluorophor with frequency modulated light from a pulsed light source, gating a photodetector during excitation of the fluorophore, detecting light emitted from the fluorophor with the photodetector, where the emission light exhibits a phase shift in frequency from that of the excitation light, converting the detected excitation light to an amplified electric signal, and evaluating the amplified electric signal as a measure of fluorescence lifetime of the fluorophor. Also provided is a device with which to use the methods disclosed herein.

Abstract: A composite active-matrix substrate includes: a plurality of active-matrix substrates which are disposed adjacent to one another; a base substrate which is disposed to oppose a bottom surface of the active-matrix substrates; a sealant which is disposed in the form of a frame between the active-matrix substrate and the base substrate; a first filler which fills a spacing surrounded by the active-matrix substrate, the base substrate, and the sealant; and a second filler which fills a gap between edges of the active-matrix substrates. The sealant prevents the first filler from seeping out. In this way, seeping of an adhesive filler can be prevented in the arrangement where a plurality of active-matrix substrates are fixed on the base substrate using the adhesive filler. An electromagnetic wave capturing device according to the present invention uses such a composite active-matrix substrate.

Abstract: Systems and methods for detecting x-rays are disclosed herein. One or more x-ray-sensitive scintillators can be configured from a plurality of heavy element nano-sized particles and a plastic material, such as polystyrene. As will be explained in greater detail herein, the heavy element nano-sized particles (e.g., PbWO4) can be compounded into the plastic material with at least one dopant that permits the plastic material to scintillate. X-rays interact with the heavy element nano-sized particles to produce electrons that can deposit energy in the x-ray sensitive scintillator, which in turn can produce light.

Abstract: In a photoelectric conversion device, in order to suppress alteration of its properties during a long time use, lower the decrease of the S/N ratio due to a dark current output, and shorten image-pickup cycles, MIS type photoelectric conversion elements using an amorphous semiconductor material are connected with an electric power source for applying bias for photoelectric conversion, an electric power for resetting an accumulated electric charge, and a setting point for applying zero bias at the time of non-operation of the element through a switch. Emitted x-rays from an x-ray source, which is a first light source, come into collision against phosphor after being transmitted through an object body to be inspected and then are absorbed in the phosphor to be converted into visible light rays. The visible light rays from the phosphor are radiated to the photoelectric conversion elements. Prior to reading out of the x-ray image, an LED light source is lighted.

Abstract: An infrared camera includes a detector sensitive to infrared radiation and optics for focusing an object to be monitored on the detector. A light source emits a narrow beam within the visible wavelength region towards the object to be imaged by the detector.

Abstract: In the improved neutron image detector, MgB2 enriched in a constituent element 10B of wide energy gap is used as a neutron detection plate, which is provided at the center and the four corners with a phonon sensor comprising an insulation layer overlaid with Mg11B2 enriched in 11B of narrow energy gap in order to detect phonons resulting from the generation of ?-rays which occurs in the detection plate upon incidence of neutrons, and sensor's signal intensity and signal propagation time are used to detect the incident position of neutrons.

Abstract: A method of calibrating detectors in a detector ring of a PET scanner, each detector including a plurality of crystals, the PET scanner having a field of view, is disclosed. The method comprises collecting timing data indicative of coincidence events occurring between each pair of crystals within the field of view. The method further comprises determining a detector adjustment value for each detector, determining a crystal adjustment value for each crystal in each detector, and discretizing the crystal adjustment value for each crystal to produce a discretized crystal adjustment value for each crystal. Lastly, the method comprises calibrating each detector by applying the discretized crystal adjustment value for each crystal in each detector to the collected timing data indicative of coincidence events.

Abstract: One embodiment of the invention is directed to methods and apparatus for determining a variation of a calibration parameter of a pixel of the thermal sensor during operation of the imaging apparatus, after an initial calibration procedure. Another embodiment of the invention is directed to methods and apparatus for calculating a gain calibration parameter using first and second ambient temperature values and respective first and second resistance values for a pixel of a sensor. A further embodiment of the invention is directed to calculating an offset calibration parameter for at least one pixel using a gain of the at least one pixel between first and second times and an ambient temperature at a third time, wherein the pixel is exposed to both scene and ambient radiation at the third time.

Abstract: The invention is to provide a radiation detection apparatus adapted for taking a moving image. The radiation detection apparatus has a pixel including a phosphor for converting radiation into light, a photoelectric conversion unit for converting the light converted in the phosphor into an electrical signal, a thin film transistor (TFT 1) for transferring the electrical signal converted in the photoelectric conversion unit, a capacitance for accumulating the electrical signal transferred by the thin film transistor (TFT 1), and a thin film transistor (TFT 2) for reading the electrical signal accumulated in the capacitance. The photoelectric conversion unit, the thin film transistor (TFT 1), the capacitance and the thin film transistor (TFT 2) are formed by a same layer configuration, and is each formed at least by a lower electrode or a gate electrode, a gate insulation film and a semiconductor layer and separated by a protective layer from the phosphor.

Abstract: A hermetic package of a type used to contain a sensing element, such as an infrared sensing element. The package comprises a base having a base wall and sidewalls surrounding the base wall to define a first recess within the base. The sensing element is fabricated on a device chip disposed within the first recess. A lid is hermetically sealed with the base to enclose the sensing element. The lid defines a second recess that communicates with the first recess, such that the first and second recesses define a continuous cavity between the lid and the base and in which the device chip is contained. The depth of the second recess is preferably at least about half the depth of the sensing element within the first recess, such that neither the lid nor the base are required to have a deep recess that defines essentially the entire cavity in which the device chip is contained.

Abstract: A system for detecting and characterizing media includes a light source, at least two sensors, and a media identification system. The light source is positioned to emit at least a portion of an illumination light towards a media path for media. The sensors are positioned to capture at least specular light and transmitted light from the emitted illumination light directed towards the media path for the media.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatuses for constructing observed data from a Compton camera in order to provide a three-dimensional image of a radiopharmaceutical source distribution within a patient. No intermediate two-dimensional images are formed. Observed data may be analyzed by a processor in order to construct a three-dimensional image representing the source distribution. An idealized mathematical model may express the observed Compton camera data in terms of an integral over the source distribution. An exact analytic inversion is then found for this idealized model. The new analytic solutions arise from a generalization of the integral equation used to model the Compton camera. The kernel of the integral equation is modified by the introduction of an index p that describes the effect of source distance from the camera.

Abstract: An X-ray detector includes an X-ray converter for conversion of X-ray radiation to light, and a photodiode sensor with an arrangement of two or more photodiode elements for detection of the light produced by the X-ray radiation in the X-ray converter. A nonlinearly absorbent filter is located between the X-ray converter and the photodiode sensor.

Abstract: A method uses spectroscopy to determine an analyte concentration in a sample. The method includes producing an absorbance spectrum of the sample. The method further includes shifting the absorbance spectrum to zero in a wavelength region. The method further includes subtracting a water or other substance contribution from the absorbance spectrum.

Abstract: Methods and device are provided for improved storage screen readout. In one embodiment, a storage screen readout device comprises a first wavelength source and a second wavelength source, means of collecting phosphorescence stimulated by the sources, and means of effecting relative motion between the sources and the screen in order to obtain image information. The first wavelength may be selected to pump signal on the screen to be more easily readout by said second wavelength source. The sources may direct energy sequentially onto the screen, simultaneously onto the screen, any combination of the two, or combinations with other sources.

Abstract: A storage phosphor panel for storing image information and an X-ray cassette with such a storage phosphor panel are proposed. The storage phosphor panel contains a carrier layer and a storage phosphor layer, which is applied on the carrier layer. The storage phosphor panel furthermore has a contour which is configured as an autonomous part relative to the carrier layer and is connected to the carrier layer.

Abstract: In a preferred embodiment, a stabilized scintillation detector, including: an LED that periodically produces a light pulse; a beam splitter that impinges some of the light pulse on a photodetector and on a photomultiplier; a scintillator that receives radiation and is coupled to the photomultiplier; and a control unit that receives signals from the photodetector and the photomultiplier representative of the light pulse received by the photodetector and the photomultiplier and receives a signal representative of temperature of the scintillator and outputs, in part, a signal to the photomultiplier to stabilize the photomultiplier. A method of using the scintillator is also provided.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for radiation measurement suitable for use within and outside nuclear reactor or accelerator facilities when there is a need to perform real-time monitoring of radiation intensity over a wide dynamic range at many and broadly distributed sites of measurement. The apparatus and method are based on two principles: constant radiation monitoring and integrating measured radiation with a stimulable phosphor.