Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to a primary contact or primary body comprising of a primary material with a propensity to corrode. A location on a surface of the primary body is an active location and functions to interface with a secondary body. The active location has a first surface and an oppositely disposed second surface. An anode material is applied to the second surface adjacent to the active location on the first surface. The primary body is exposed to a corrosive material. The anode material functions to divert a galvanic corrosive medium from the active location to the applied anode material.

Abstract: One embodiment provides an electroplating apparatus, which includes a tank filled with an electrolyte solution, a number of anodes situated around edges of the tank, a cathode situated above the tank, and a plurality of wafer-holding jigs attached to the cathode. A respective wafer-holding jig includes a common connector electrically coupled to the cathode and a pair of wafer-mounting frames electrically coupled to the common connector. Each wafer-mounting frame includes a plurality of openings, and a respective opening provides a mounting space for a to-be-plated solar cell, thereby facilitating simultaneous plating of front and back surfaces of the plurality of the solar cells.

Abstract: The cathode collector bar end portion extending through a window in a sidewall of an electrolytic cell for refining aluminum is snugly received in a central opening of a seal assembly. Such seal assembly maintains a hermetic seal preventing ingress of air through the sidewall window while permitting longitudinal (horizontal) movement of the collector bar and also movement in a vertical plane (side to side, or up and down, or diagonally) which can be caused by changing heat conditions inside the cell.

Abstract: A single anode system used in multiple electrochemical treatments to control steel corrosion in concrete comprises a sacrificial metal that is capable to supporting high impressed anode current densities with an impressed current anode connection detail and a porous embedding material containing an electrolyte. Initially current is driven from the sacrificial metal [1] to the steel [10] using a power source [5] converting oxygen and water [14] into hydroxyl ions [15] on the steel and drawing chloride ions [16] into the porous material [2] around the anode such that corroding sites are moved from the steel to the anode restoring steel passivity and activating the anode. Cathodic prevention is them applied. This is preferably sacrificial cathodic prevention that is applied by disconnecting the power source and connecting the activated sacrificial node directly to the steel.

Abstract: A CO2 reduction electrode includes an active layer on an electrode base. The active layer includes a polymer that includes one or more reaction components selected from a group consisting of a CO2 reduction catalyst and an activator that bonds CO2 so as to form a CO2 reduction intermediate.

Abstract: A device comprising an electrically conductive surface portion is provided for immersion in an electrically conductive liquid such as water. At least one load electrode is provided for supplying an electric load current into the electrically conductive liquid. Further, an electrode, e.g., one or more of the at least one load electrode acts as protection electrode. A protection current source, e.g., a resistor, is electrically coupled to the conductive surface portion and to the protection electrode for providing a protection current flowing between the electrically conductive surface portion and the electrode. Further, the protection current source is adapted for changing the protection current in response to a change in the load current.

Abstract: A cathodic protection device enclosing a reference cell and a conductive media and having two coupon assemblies mounted, facing opposing direction, on an exterior surface. The coupon assemblies each have a disc-shaped coupon seated in a coupon jacket and are electrically coupled to a wire. The coupon jacket defines a pocket in a first surface and a groove in a second, opposing surface thereof. The disc-shaped coupon is seated in the pocket and the wire is seated in the groove with the electrical junction therebetween aligned with an aperture connecting the pocket to the groove. A sealing material is used to form a watertight seal between the disc-shaped coupon and the pocket and fills the groove. The device includes a hydrophilic porous member having a first surface in communication with the conductive media and a second surface in communication with an external environment.

Abstract: A paddle for a plating system has a housing with a back portion, a front portion, a first side portion, a second side portion, a first end portion, and a second end portion. A first fin is disposed laterally along a first external surface of the first side portion and offset and coupled to the first external surface to define a first passageway between the first external surface of the first side portion and a first internal surface of the first fin for flow of the electrolyte through the first passageway. A second fin is disposed laterally along a second external surface of the second side portion and offset and coupled to the second external surface to define a second passageway between the second external surface of the second side portion and a second internal surface of the second fin for flow of the electrolyte through the second passageway.

Abstract: Disclosed are electrolysis catalysts formed from cobalt, oxygen and buffering electrolytes (e.g. fluoride). They can be formed as a coating on an anode by conducting an electrolysis reaction using an electrolyte containing cobalt and an anionic buffering electrolyte. The catalysts will facilitate the conversion of water to oxygen and hydrogen gas at a range of mildly acidic conditions. Alternatively, these anodes can be used with cathodes that facilitate other desirable reactions such as converting carbon dioxide to methanol.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are cups for engaging wafers during electroplating in clamshell assemblies and supplying electrical current to the wafers during electroplating. The cup can comprise an elastomeric seal disposed on the cup and configured to engage the wafer during electroplating, where upon engagement the elastomeric seal substantially excludes plating solution from a peripheral region of the wafer, and where the elastomeric seal and the cup are annular in shape, and comprise one or more contact elements for supplying electrical current to the wafer during electroplating, the one or more contact elements attached to and extending inwardly towards a center of the cup from a metal strip disposed over the elastomeric seal. A notch area of the cup can have a protrusion or an insulated portion on a portion of a bottom surface of the cup where the notch area is aligned with a notch in the wafer.

Abstract: Embodiments of a system and method for providing cathodic protection to a vessel include encapsulating a dimensionally stable anode with a wax-repellant cementitious coating. The anode, with the encapsulant, is inserted into a structure to be protected, such as a vessel for handling wet crude. A power supply is connected to the anode and to the vessel, making the vessel a cathode. When power is applied, ions flow from the anode, through the encapsulant and fluids in the vessel, to the vessel structure. The encapsulant prevents paraffin wax from building up on the anode.

Abstract: Methods, equipment, and reagents for preparing organic compounds using custom electrolytes based on different ionic liquids in electrolytic decarboxylation reactions are disclosed.

Abstract: Corrosion of steel in a concrete structure such as a column in sea water occurs primarily above the water line and is inhibited using cathodic protection by attaching to the column an impervious sealed sleeve in which is provided a sacrificial anode in sheet form in contact with a layer of water transport medium so that water from the location of the bottom of the water transport medium within the water is carried into the area of the sacrificial anode to enhance ionic current.

Abstract: Embodiments of systems and methods for providing cathodic protection to a fluid-containing vessel include measuring two distinct voltages at a junction box exterior to the fluid-containing vessel. The first voltage is measured across a shunt in the junction box such that a current magnitude through the shunt can be determined using Ohm's Law that is representative of a current output of one or more sacrificial anodes disposed within the fluid-containing vessel. The second voltage is measured by depressing a pushbutton of a momentary switch to open the switch and interrupt current flow through the shunt. The second voltage is representative of a voltage difference between the one or more sacrificial anodes and the a wall of the fluid-containing vessel.

Abstract: A reinforced electrolyte membrane having an electrolyte membrane containing a fluoropolymer having ion exchange groups, reinforced by a woven fabric made of a reinforcing thread and a sacrificial thread, where the sacrificial thread remains in the electrolyte membrane, a void is formed between the sacrificial thread and the electrolyte membrane, and 2000 ?m2<A<6000 ?m2 and 0.3?B/A<1.0 are satisfied, where A is the total of a cross-sectional area of the sacrificial thread and a cross-sectional area of the void, and B is the cross-sectional area of the sacrificial thread.

Abstract: A self-destructive aquatic device for use in a water environment is formed with a body having a metallic portion and a covering preventing exposure of the metallic portion of the body from the water environment. A gap in the covering is used to expose the metallic portion of the body to the water environment. The covering has a cathodic property with respect to the metallic portion of the body, so that the gap and the covering establishing a cathodic-anodic ratio of areas exposed to the water environment to promote erosion of the metallic portion of the body in the water environment. This, in turn, results in controlled break-up of the aquatic device.

Abstract: A system and methods for protecting a metal surface from corrosion are provided herein. The method includes injecting particles comprising a sacrificial anodic material into a fluid proximate to the metal surface.

Abstract: An anode assembly and method for installing it in a cathodic protection system for an aboveground storage tank is disclosed. The anode assembly basically comprises an elongated electrically conductive anode, a fabric housing and sand backfill. The fabric housing is a hollow member in which the sand is located and through which the anode extends. The anode includes portions extending out of the housing for connection to the cathodic protection system. The anode assembly is arranged to be installed on a flat prepared surface below the bottom of the storage tank, whereupon the anode assembly's weight hold it flat on that surface without the need for staking or other means to hold the assembly flat. The ground with the anode assembly can then be backfilled to the level of the bottom of the storage tank.

Abstract: An electrolytic cathode assembly includes a hollow hanger bar, and a deposition plate including an upper edge attached to the hanger bar. The hanger bar can be formed substantially of copper. At least one supporting element can be configured to support the hanger bar. The supporting element(s) can be internally disposed within the hanger bar, and can extend partially between bar ends of the hanger bar. The supporting element(s) can include first and second supporting elements, with each disposed adjacent to a respective one of the bar ends. The hanger bar can include an overhanging portion, and the supporting element(s) can be at least partially disposed within the overhanging portion. The supporting element(s) can include an inward end that is offset inwardly relative to the plate edges of the deposition plate.

Abstract: This invention is a device that provides a multi use cathodic protection system for steel and reinforced concrete and method of use that will permit a user to more easily and accurately place an impressed current cathodic protection system, a sacrificial or galvanic anode cathodic protection system, or combination thereof around a reinforced structure to be protected and thereafter fill with concrete by use of a uniquely engineered fiberglass reinforced plastic form. This invention once put in place around the structure being protected can more easily be filled with concrete without having the attached titanium mesh or zinc anode mesh bend or move outside of the effective proximity from the protected structure. The fiberglass reinforced plastic form has a corrugated or roughed surface that provides an increased surface area to bind or grip the fiberglass reinforced plastic form to the poured concrete once cured.