Abstract: A test structure is presented for use in metrology measurements of a sample pattern. The test structure comprises a main pattern, and one or more auxiliary patterns. The main pattern is formed by a plurality of main features extending along a first longitudinal axis and being spaced from one another along a second lateral axis. The one or more auxiliary patterns are formed by a plurality of auxiliary features associated with at least some of the main features such that a dimension of the auxiliary feature is in a predetermined relation with a dimension of the respective main feature. This provides that a change in a dimension of the auxiliary feature from a nominal value affects a change in non-zero order diffraction response from the test structure in a predetermined optical measurement scheme, and this change is indicative of a deviation in one or more parameters of the main pattern from nominal value thereof.

Abstract: An object is to quantify the texture such as irregularity and gloss of a metal surface. Centers of Lab chromaticity distributions are identified (S145), and one of the Lab chromaticity distribution is entirely shifted (mapped) by deviations ?A, ?B and ?L of a central coordinate, such that one of central coordinates of two distributions U1(L,a,b) and U2(L,a,b) matches with the other central coordinate (S146). A texture spread index that indicates a difference in spatial spread is then computed (S147). This configuration computes the spatial spread of the Lab chromaticity distribution in a three-dimensional space, and quantifies the irregularity of an inspection plane by diffraction phenomenon of illumination light. The difference in spread other than the color is applicable to evaluation of the irregularity of the metal surface or the like.

Abstract: A method for analyzing fluid characteristics of a geological sample with laser-induced breakdown spectral measurements performed on the geological sample, spectral pre-processing performed as necessary, and subsequent analysis is applied to the collected data to determine at least one fluid parameter of the sample. The method can provide a more rapid and reliable method to estimate fluid properties of a geological sample. A system for performing the method also is provided.

Abstract: A system and method of using the same, wherein the system comprises: an optical surface having a diffractive image generating structure disposed thereon, the diffractive image generating structure itself comprising a layer of reflective material incorporating a plurality of grooved diffractive elements each having a periodic wave surface profile, the periodic wave surface profiles each having a groove alignment direction; a source of incident electromagnetic radiation arranged to illuminate the diffractive elements at an angle of incidence substantially normal to the plane of the surface of the diffractive elements; means for polarizing the radiation from the source, and means for polarizing radiation reflected from the diffractive elements; wherein the diffractive elements are configured such that, in use, polarization conversion of the incident radiation takes place, and wherein the diffractive elements are disposed in a two dimensional array of pixels to represent an image; and further wherein the means fo

Abstract: An inspection device comprises movable equipment (6) driven relative to a stand (7) and fitted with at least one inspection gauge (14, 15). The device also includes a measurement system (30) comprising a contactless transceiver system (30a) for emitting and receiving a light beam (F) along a path in which there is arranged a target (30b) that is securely mounted to the first inspection gauge, the transceiver system being secured to the stand, and delivering measurements continuously of the position of the first inspection gauge relative to the stand (7). A processor unit (31) is provided that means for detecting when the measurements of the position of the inspection gauge delivered by the transceiver system (30a) cease varying, in order to determine that contact has occurred between the inspection gauge and the container.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a lighting unit configured to irradiate a light emitting device package including a light transmitting resin containing a light conversion material with light having a certain color; a camera configured to capture an image of the light emitting device package; and a controller configured to determine color coordinates of the light emitting device package using the image, captured by the camera, to determine whether the light emitting device package is defective.

Abstract: In a gloss evaluation method and a gloss evaluation apparatus according to the present invention, an intensity P of specular light obtained by illuminating an object to be measured with illumination light of spectral irradiance emitted from the reference machine is obtained from an intensity of specular light obtained by illuminating the object to be measured with first illumination light of spectral irradiance from a relevant machine, based on an intensity b of dispersed reflected light obtained by illuminating the object to be measured with the first illumination light, and a spectral reflectance of diffuse reflection light obtained by illuminating the object to be measured with predetermined second illumination light from a different illuminating angle.

Abstract: An apparatus for mounting components on a substrate comprises a pick and place system with a bonding head, a camera and two optical deflection systems. The first optical deflection system and the camera form a first image detection system for recording an image of the substrate location on which the component is to be mounted. The first optical deflection system, the second optical deflection system and the camera form a second image detection system for recording an image of a bottom side of the component. The pick and place system moves the carriage from a take-up location of the component to the substrate location in a respective predetermined height H1 above the second optical deflection system, so that the bottom side of the component is located in a focal plane of the camera, and lifts the carriage to a respective predetermined height H2, so that the substrate location is situated in the focal plane of the camera.

Abstract: In a method of determining a deterioration state of an object, the deterioration state of the object is determined by determining whether a calculated value reaches a state determination threshold value or not, the calculated value utilizing at least one of brightness and a color component value calculated from a detection value detected by an optical sensor. The optical sensor includes an examination section containing liquid, a light emitting element emitting detection light toward the examination section, and a light receiving element detecting color information of the detection light traveled through the liquid.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices are disclosed for imaging particles and/or cells using flow cytometry. In one aspect, a method includes transmitting a light beam at a fluidic channel carrying a fluid sample containing particles; optically encoding scattered or fluorescently-emitted light at a spatial optical filter, the spatial optical filter including a surface having a plurality of apertures arranged in a pattern along a transverse direction opposite to particle flow and a longitudinal direction parallel to particle flow, such that different portions of a particle flowing over the pattern of the apertures pass different apertures at different times and scatter the light beam or emit fluorescent light at locations associated with the apertures; and producing image data associated with the particle flowing through the fluidic channel based on the encoded optical signal, in which the produced image data includes information of a physical characteristic of the particle.

Abstract: Systems and methods for classifying oil materials. A method of determining a refractive index of oil comprising: generating an incident beam, incident on a conductive material and at an angle of incidence to the conductive layer, between the conductive material and an oil material; monitoring the power of a reflected beam; and determining an angle of resonance by changing the angle of incidence of the incident beam; determining a refractive index of the oil material using at least the power of the reflected beam. Systems and methods may be provided for on-surface testing or downhole in situ testing.

Abstract: A method for measuring particle size distribution in a fluid material, involving inserting a laser beam instrument directly in the fluid flow line, wherein the laser beam instrument focuses a laser beam on a window directly coupled with the fluid flow line, wherein the fluid flow line comprises a fluid having a plurality of particles of different sizes, measuring a diameter of at least one particle in the fluid flow line by reflectance of the at least one particle as the at least one particle passes through the focused laser beam, and determining a duration of reflection of the at least one particle, and obtaining a count of particles in each of a pre-set range group of particle sizes, wherein the count of particles is used to determine particle size distribution in the fluid flow line.

Abstract: A settling rate of at least one foulant in oil-based fluids may be determining a settling rate of an oil-based fluid by stirring the fluid during a turbidimetric flocculation titration, which includes solvent dosing and obtaining transmittance measurements of the oil-based fluid. The method may further include stopping the solvent dosing at the onset of flocculation of the foulant(s), stopping the stirring when at least two or more transmittance measurements are substantially similar, and measuring the transmittance of the oil-based fluid to determine a settling rate of the foulant(s). The settling rate may be proportional to an increase in transmittance or decrease in absorbance after the stirring has stopped.

Abstract: A detecting system configured for detecting flaws on an object to be detected, increasing: a display processing device; an tunable light source; at least one light transmitter, wherein the tunable light source is connected with the at least one light transmitter; at least one light receiver configured for cooperating with the at least one light transmitter, wherein the at least one light receiver is connected with the display processing device; wherein the display processing device is connected to the tunable light source, receives and processes information provided by the light receiver to form detection images, and is operable to adjust the tunable light source.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for classifying defect in component having a monocrystalline structure.

Abstract: A method of evaluating characteristics of a work piece includes forming a photosensitive layer on the work piece. Then an ion implantation is performed on the work piece. The work piece is radiated, and an optical intensity of the photosensitive material on the work piece is calculated. The ion implantation pattern is evaluated according to the optical intensity. A chemical structure of the photosensitive material is changed upon the ion implantation. The work piece is recovered by reversing the chemical structure of the photosensitive material or removing the ion interrupted photosensitive material by chemicals.

Abstract: Sampling apparatus made of a material such as plastic material and/or glass, a body of the material forming a cavity for receiving a liquid sample, the sampling apparatus comprising a gauging region which can be arranged in a focus region of a visual measuring device for determining the position of the sampling apparatus and/or of the cavity, and in which at least one reference marker is arranged which can be detected by means of the visual measuring device, wherein the reference marker is formed in an inner region of the body that is remote from the surface.

Abstract: A method for measuring geometric surface characteristics of a flange surface positioned at an end of a tubular object, such as sections of a wind power generation tower. Also, a corresponding system. The method includes optically measuring, in each of a plurality of rotational positions of the tubular object, a set of measurement points at the surface of the flange, each set of measurement points being arranged in a sector along an arc at a first distance from the central axis of the tubular object, and being separated in a circumference direction of the flange, wherein said sectors are at least partly overlapping, so that at least two measurement points of each set essentially correspond to measurement points of at least one other set of measurement points, and wherein the arcs together extend over the entire circumference of the flange.

Abstract: A note image acquiring system includes: a fiber laser, a fiber beam splitter, a fiber collimator, a laser beam expander, a lithium niobate intensity modulator array, a waveform generator, a signal amplifier, a polarization beam splitter, a quarter-wave plate, an imaging lens group, a line-array photosensitive chip, an image information processing module and an image combining module. The note image acquiring system can improve resolution of details of a note image without needing to increase the number of photosensitive chip units per unit length of a linear array image sensor.

Abstract: Method and device for testing a security element (4) of a security document, the security element (4) being able to contain at least one substance (5) which has optically variable properties, including the following method steps: illuminating the security element (4) with at least one predetermined illumination parameter, filtering the light reflected by the security element into a first component (RLp) having a first polarisation, determining an intensity (I) of the first component (RLp) of reflected light reflected at a reflection angle (?R), for at least one reflection angle (?R), and verifying the presence of a substance (5) which has optically variable properties as a function of the intensity (I) of the first component (RLp).